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Nutrients
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Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications
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Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 January 2025 | Viewed by 11175

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Prasanth Puthanveetil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
Interests: metabolism; metabolic signaling; drug targets; immunopharmacology; infections; inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Abeer M. Mahmoud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Interests: cardiovascular disease; obesity; diabetes; metabolic disease; vascular biology; exercise physiology; molecular biology; pathology; nutrition; epigenetics; translational research; dietary interventions; biomarkers; chemoprevention; cancer biology; racial disparity; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, we would like to focus on the role of diet, particularly dietary components and factors that could lead to an obesity epidemic and are associated with systemic metabolic complications, or that can be potentially used as a therapeutic for treating obesity and its associated complications. Genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, and habits such as smoking and drinking contribute to metabolic issues, but in this Special Issue we would like to primarily focus on the role of diet. The moment humans are born, we must carry out the task of feeding to meet the body’s metabolic needs. In fact, a healthy diet is known to improve the quality of life and improve life span in comparison to malnutrition due to a lack of a proper diet. How and when a diet or dietary component can turn out to be a ravager of systemic health and metabolic homeostasis is understudied. At the same time, certain types of diet sor dietary components can be the savior against metabolic complications. Besides factors such as genetics, aging, lifestyle, and habits, our Special Issue will focus on the dual role of diet and dietary components in regulating metabolic complications. We are welcoming submissions that are original articles, brief reports, or review articles that have a basic science and translational focus.

Articles on plant or herbal extracts, or specific isolated components that demonstrate potential therapeutic benefits or contribute towards the pathophysiology of systemic complications are also welcome to be submitted to this Special Issue series. The focus can be on either overall systemic complications or can target organ-specific pathology, or it can be on treatments using specific diets or dietary components. This Special Issue will bring more clarity to the role of diet and dietary components in regulating obesity and metabolic complications.

Dr. Prasanth Puthanveetil
Dr. Abeer M. Mahmoud
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • dietary components
  • nutraceuticals
  • metabolic complications
  • obesity
  • dietary fibers
  • dietary phytochemicals
  • special diets

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 532 KiB  
Article
Onion Peel Extract Prevents Intestinal Inflammation via AMK-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Caco-2/HT-29 Cells
by Olugbenga Balogun, Cindi R. Brownmiller, Sun-Ok Lee and Hye Won Kang
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3609; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213609 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 772
Abstract
Background: Obesogenic diets cause intestinal inflammation and dysfunction. Polyphenols have shown a positive impact on reducing inflammation in in vitro studies. However, their bioactivity may not be the same in the in vivo system due to structural alteration by the gastrointestinal digestive process. [...] Read more.
Background: Obesogenic diets cause intestinal inflammation and dysfunction. Polyphenols have shown a positive impact on reducing inflammation in in vitro studies. However, their bioactivity may not be the same in the in vivo system due to structural alteration by the gastrointestinal digestive process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of onion peel and its major bioactive compound, quercetin, in the intestine and further examine the impact of intestinal digestion on this effect. Methods: Onion peel extract (OPE) and quercetin (Q) were digested using gastrointestinal digestive enzymes in vitro and then treated into lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2/HT-29 cells. Genes and proteins related to tight junction, inflammation, and epithelial integrity were measured. Results: OPE and digested OPE (DOPE) had a higher protective effect on LPS-induced tight junction and inflammatory genes and paracellular permeability than Q and digested Q (DQ). DOPE was more effective than OPE, while digestion did not change the activity of Q. The anti-inflammatory effect of OPE and Q with or without digestion was achieved by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B through AMP-activated protein kinase-activated silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1. Conclusions: It was the first to find that a crude extract, after undergoing gastrointestinal digestion, demonstrated a notably superior anti-inflammatory effect in the cell study, suggesting the consumption of onion peels could potentially yield similar benefits in the human intestine. This discovery underscores the potential of onion peel polyphenols in combating intestinal inflammation, making them a compelling area of research for future therapeutic applications using food byproducts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications)
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12 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Obesity among Polish Primary Care Population Considered Healthy
by Mateusz Babicki, Karolina Kłoda, Justyna Ledwoch, Wojciech Malchrzak, Sandra Janiak, Filip Krzyżanowski, Tomasz Zieliński, Patrycja Grabska, Dominik Gajowiak, Dagmara Pokorna-Kałwak and Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2973; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172973 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease with numerous health complications, influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, mental health, societal impact, economic status, comorbidities, and treatments. This multicenter study included adults aged ≥35 years referred to a CVD prevention program, where sociodemographic data, anthropometric [...] Read more.
Obesity is a complex disease with numerous health complications, influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, mental health, societal impact, economic status, comorbidities, and treatments. This multicenter study included adults aged ≥35 years referred to a CVD prevention program, where sociodemographic data, anthropometric examinations, laboratory tests, and HLPCQ responses were collected. The study analyzed 1044 patients with a mean age of 47.9 years. Among them, 22.2% (232 patients) were diagnosed with obesity. These patients exhibited higher blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels (all p < 0.001). A comparative analysis showed that obese patients had significantly lower scores in healthy dietary choices, dietary harm avoidance, daily routine, organized physical exercise, and overall HLPCQ scores. These results indicate that individuals considered healthy were actually living with obesity and its associated complications. Consequently, family physicians should proactively identify patients at risk of obesity using existing programs. The Polish healthcare system urgently needs systemic solutions, including effective health promotion and the creation of obesity prevention programs at an early stage of adult life. These measures are essential to address the growing obesity epidemic and improve public health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications)
11 pages, 4027 KiB  
Article
Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats
by Wei Li and Reza Hakkak
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070982 - 28 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Dietary soy protein and soy isoflavones have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we reported that feeding soy protein concentrate diet (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) to young (seven-week-old) obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and decreases liver inflammation compared [...] Read more.
Dietary soy protein and soy isoflavones have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we reported that feeding soy protein concentrate diet (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) to young (seven-week-old) obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and decreases liver inflammation compared to a casein control (CAS) diet. The current study investigated whether SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets would reduce liver inflammation in adult obese Zucker rats fed a CAS diet. A total of 21 six-week-old male obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were given CAS diet for 8 weeks to develop obesity then randomly assigned to CAS, SPC-LIF, or SPC-HIF (seven rats/group) diet for an additional 10 weeks. The expression of LPS-translocation, inflammation, and intestinal permeability markers were quantified by qPCR in liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and colon. LPS concentration was determined in both the colon content and fecal samples by a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets significantly decreased liver LPS-binding protein (LBP) expression compared to CAS diet (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). SPC-HIF diet also significantly decreased liver MCP-1 and TNF-α expression (p < 0.05) and had a trend to decrease liver iNOS expression (p = 0.06). In the colon, SPC-HIF diet significantly increased LBP expression compared to CAS diet (p < 0.05). When samples from all three groups were combined, there was a negative correlation between colon LBP expression and liver LBP expression (p = 0.046). SPC diets did not alter the expression of intestinal permeability markers (i.e., occludin, claudin 3, and zonula occludens-1) in the colon or inflammation markers (i.e., TNF-α and iNOS) in VAT or the colon. LPS levels in the colon content did not differ between any groups. Fecal LPS levels were significantly higher in the SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF groups compared to the CAS group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, SPC, particularly SPC with HIF, reduces liver LBP expression and inflammation makers (i.e., TNF-α and MCP-1 expression) in adult obese Zucker rats, likely by reducing LPS translocation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications)
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11 pages, 1017 KiB  
Article
Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Clinical Parameters in Men and Women Aged 50 Years or Older: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
by Ji Hyun Lee, Ye An Kim, Young Sik Kim, Young Lee and Je Hyun Seo
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 3043; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133043 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is increasingly prevalent on a global scale and is connected to chronic health issues including diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the association between VDD and various clinical parameters including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index [...] Read more.
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is increasingly prevalent on a global scale and is connected to chronic health issues including diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the association between VDD and various clinical parameters including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and inflammatory markers. This cross-sectional cohort study included Korean men and women aged 50 years and older (290 men, 125 women); VDD was classified as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels below 20 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in men (64.5%) compared to that in women (35.2%). Men with VDD had higher fat mass and HbA1c levels, lower muscle strength, and worse physical performance. Among women, VDD was associated with higher BMI, HbA1c, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and creatinine levels. In women, 25(OH)D levels exhibited an inverse relationship with HbA1c, BMI, and TNF-α concentrations. However, there were no differences in the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta according to vitamin D status in both men and women. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to higher HbA1c, BMI, and inflammatory markers in older Korean women, thus warranting the maintenance of sufficient vitamin D levels for overall health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications)
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Review

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18 pages, 7001 KiB  
Review
Compare and Contrast of the Cellular Actions of Related Flavonoids, Apigenin and Chrysin
by Patrick Keefe and Prasanth Puthanveetil
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4195; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234195 - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 479
Abstract
In this review, we provide an evidence-based approach to determine the cellular and systemic actions of two structurally similar flavonoids, apigenin and chrysin. We have clearly evaluated and charted the overlapping and diverging properties of these two sister flavonoids. Based on two separate [...] Read more.
In this review, we provide an evidence-based approach to determine the cellular and systemic actions of two structurally similar flavonoids, apigenin and chrysin. We have clearly evaluated and charted the overlapping and diverging properties of these two sister flavonoids. Based on two separate Omics-based approaches by our group and independent reports from others, the cholesterol-lowering properties have been revealed. In addition, the prevention of uric acid biosynthesis and enhancement of ketogenesis have also been quite evident in these two flavonoids. Along with these overlapping functions, apigenin and chrysin have also demonstrated unique properties that allow them to stand out from each other. Chrysin has demonstrated abilities like downregulating alanine metabolism and pyrimidine synthesis, which could be helpful in metabolic diseases like cancer. In contrast, apigenin has demonstrated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by enhancing endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids and upregulating vasoprotective metabolites, which could be beneficial for cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular complications. Further validation studies using in vivo and translational approaches could provide us with better clarity regarding the use of these agents therapeutically and to treat a combination or pool of metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications)
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14 pages, 287 KiB  
Review
Anaemia in India and Its Prevalence and Multifactorial Aetiology: A Narrative Review
by D. Ian Givens, Seetha Anitha and Carlotta Giromini
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111673 - 29 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4460
Abstract
The prevalence of anaemia in India remains high in children, especially those in rural areas, and in women of childbearing age, and its impairment of neurological development can have serious lifelong effects. It is concerning that the most recent official data (2019–21) indicate [...] Read more.
The prevalence of anaemia in India remains high in children, especially those in rural areas, and in women of childbearing age, and its impairment of neurological development can have serious lifelong effects. It is concerning that the most recent official data (2019–21) indicate an increased prevalence compared with 2015–16. There is also considerable variability in childhood anaemia between Indian states with socioeconomic factors, such as wealth and education contributing to the risk of anaemia among adolescent women and their children. Dietary iron deficiency is often regarded as the main contributor to anaemia but increasing evidence accumulated from the authors’ ongoing literature database coupled with recent literature research suggests that it has a multifactorial aetiology, some of which is not related to nutrition. This narrative review focused on these multifactorial issues, notably the contribution of vitamin B12/folate deficiency, which also has a high prevalence in India. It was also noted that the dietary intake of bioavailable iron remains an important contributor for reducing anaemia, and the role of millets as an improved iron source compared to traditional staple cereals is briefly discussed. The overall conclusion is that anaemia has a multifactorial aetiology requiring multifactorial assessment that must include assessment of vitamin B12 status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Inflammation and Metabolic Complications)
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