nutrients-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Nutrition, Exercise, and End-of-Life Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 54033

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
Interests: atherosclerosis; pulmonary angiopathy; pulmonary hypertension; heart failure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Unhealthy food intake and insufficient physical activities are related with obesity or life-style diseases, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, and finally lead to death. First, to prevent the progression of obesity or life-style diseases, nutrition and exercise are the most important issues. However, many people are not aware of their importance. Second, after the development of obesity or life-style diseases, nutrition and exercise control with appropriate medical therapies are required. Still, many patients do not recognize this. Third, after the cardiovascular diseases, nutrition and exercise with optimal medical and/or interventional therapies are required. Still, some patients are not able to control their food intake and physical activities. Finally, patients with end-stage cardiovascular diseases need their end-of-life discussion.

This Special Issue of Nutrients welcomes the submission of original research, review articles, and meta-analyses related to “Nutrition, Exercise, and End-of-life Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field”, in both clinical and basic studies.

Dr. Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • exercise
  • end-of-life discussion
  • cardiovascular disease

Published Papers (15 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research

4 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases
by Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010094 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3648
Abstract
Unhealthy food intake and insufficient physical activities are related with obesity or life-style diseases, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, finally leading to death [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial

16 pages, 1342 KiB  
Article
Adherence to a Plant-Based Diet and Consumption of Specific Plant Foods—Associations with 3-Year Weight-Loss Maintenance and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Secondary Analysis of the PREVIEW Intervention Study
by Ruixin Zhu, Mikael Fogelholm, Sally D. Poppitt, Marta P. Silvestre, Grith Møller, Maija Huttunen-Lenz, Gareth Stratton, Jouko Sundvall, Laura Råman, Elli Jalo, Moira A. Taylor, Ian A. Macdonald, Svetoslav Handjiev, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, J. Alfredo Martinez, Roslyn Muirhead, Jennie Brand-Miller and Anne Raben
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3916; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113916 - 01 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 7763
Abstract
Plant-based diets are recommended by dietary guidelines. This secondary analysis aimed to assess longitudinal associations of an overall plant-based diet and specific plant foods with weight-loss maintenance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Longitudinal data on 710 participants (aged 26–70 years) with overweight or obesity [...] Read more.
Plant-based diets are recommended by dietary guidelines. This secondary analysis aimed to assess longitudinal associations of an overall plant-based diet and specific plant foods with weight-loss maintenance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Longitudinal data on 710 participants (aged 26–70 years) with overweight or obesity and pre-diabetes from the 3-year weight-loss maintenance phase of the PREVIEW intervention were analyzed. Adherence to an overall plant-based diet was evaluated using a novel plant-based diet index, where all plant-based foods received positive scores and all animal-based foods received negative scores. After adjustment for potential confounders, linear mixed models with repeated measures showed that the plant-based diet index was inversely associated with weight regain, but not with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nut intake was inversely associated with regain of weight and fat mass and increments in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Fruit intake was inversely associated with increments in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Vegetable intake was inversely associated with an increment in diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides and was positively associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol. All reported associations with cardiometabolic risk factors were independent of weight change. Long-term consumption of nuts, fruits, and vegetables may be beneficial for weight management and cardiometabolic health, whereas an overall plant-based diet may improve weight management only. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2439 KiB  
Article
Nutrition Status and Renal Function as Predictors in Acute Myocardial Infarction with and without Cancer: A Single Center Retrospective Study
by Naoki Itaya, Ako Fukami, Tatsuyuki Kakuma and Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082663 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Background: Clinical characteristics of nutrition status in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with cancer remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the differences of clinical parameters, including nutrition status, between AMI patients with and without history of cancer. Methods and Results: This [...] Read more.
Background: Clinical characteristics of nutrition status in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with cancer remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the differences of clinical parameters, including nutrition status, between AMI patients with and without history of cancer. Methods and Results: This retrospective cohort study, using the database of AMI between 2014 and 2019 in Kurume University Hospital, enrolled 411 patients; AMI patients without cancer (n = 358, 87.1%) and with cancer (n = 53, 12.9%). AMI patients with cancer were significantly older with lower body weight, worse renal function, and worse nutrition status. Next, we divided the patients into 4 groups by cancer, age, and plaque area, detected by coronary image devices. The prediction model indicated that nutrition, lipid, and renal functions were significant predictors of AMI with cancer. The ordinal logistic regression model revealed that worse nutrition status, renal dysfunction, lower uric acid, and elevated blood pressure were significant predictors. Finally, we were able to calculate the probability of the presence of cancer, by combining each factor and scoring. Conclusions: Worse nutrition status and renal dysfunction were associated with AMI with cancer, in which nutrition status was a major different characteristic from those without cancer. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 240 KiB  
Article
Multidisciplinary Team-Based Palliative Care for Heart Failure and Food Intake at the End of Life
by Tatsuhiro Shibata, Kazutoshi Mawatari, Naoko Nakashima, Koutatsu Shimozono, Kouko Ushijima, Yumiko Yamaji, Kumi Tetsuka, Miki Murakami, Kouta Okabe, Toshiyuki Yanai, Shoichiro Nohara, Jinya Takahashi, Hiroki Aoki, Hideo Yasukawa and Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2387; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072387 - 13 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3209
Abstract
Traditionally, patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) have rarely been involved in end-of-life care (EOLC) discussions in Japan. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of HF-specific palliative care team (HF-PCT) activities on EOLC discussions with patients, HF therapy and [...] Read more.
Traditionally, patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) have rarely been involved in end-of-life care (EOLC) discussions in Japan. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of HF-specific palliative care team (HF-PCT) activities on EOLC discussions with patients, HF therapy and care, and food intake at the end of life. We retrospectively analyzed 52 consecutive patients with HF (mean age, 70 ± 15 years; 42% female) who died at our hospital between May 2013 and July 2020 and divided them into two groups: before (Era 1, n = 19) and after (Era 2, n = 33) the initiation of HF-PCT activities in June 2015. Compared to Era 1, Era 2 showed a decrease in invasive procedures, an increase in opioid and non-intubating sedative use for symptom relief, improved quality of meals at the end of life, and an increase in participation in EOLC discussions. The administration of artificial nutrition in the final three days was associated with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy etiology, the number of previous hospitalizations for HF, and multidisciplinary EOLC discussion support. HF-PCT activities may provide an opportunity to discuss EOLC with patients, reduce the burden of physical and psychological symptoms, and shift the goals of end-of-life nutritional intake to ensure comfort and quality of life. Full article
12 pages, 2008 KiB  
Article
Glucose Fluctuation and Severe Internal Carotid Artery Siphon Stenosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
by Futoshi Eto, Kazuo Washida, Masaki Matsubara, Hisashi Makino, Akio Takahashi, Kotaro Noda, Yorito Hattori, Yuriko Nakaoku, Kunihiro Nishimura, Kiminori Hosoda and Masafumi Ihara
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2379; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072379 - 12 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2750
Abstract
The impact of glucose fluctuation on intracranial artery stenosis remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between glucose fluctuation and intracranial artery stenosis. This was a cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients equipped with the FreeStyle [...] Read more.
The impact of glucose fluctuation on intracranial artery stenosis remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between glucose fluctuation and intracranial artery stenosis. This was a cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients equipped with the FreeStyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring system (Abbott Laboratories) between February 2019 and June 2020. Glucose fluctuation was evaluated according to the standard deviation (SD) of blood glucose, coefficient of variation (%CV), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). Magnetic resonance angiography was used to evaluate the degree of intracranial artery stenosis. Of the 103 patients, 8 patients developed severe internal carotid artery (ICA) siphon stenosis (≥70%). SD, %CV, and MAGE were significantly higher in the severe stenosis group than in the non-severe stenosis group (<70%), whereas there was no significant intergroup difference in the mean blood glucose and HbA1c. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex showed that SD, %CV, and MAGE were independent factors associated with severe ICA siphon stenosis. In conclusion, glucose fluctuation is significantly associated with severe ICA siphon stenosis in T2DM patients. Thus, glucose fluctuation can be a target of preventive therapies for intracranial artery stenosis and ischemic stroke. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2119 KiB  
Article
Effects of Reducing L-Carnitine Supplementation on Carnitine Kinetics and Cardiac Function in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
by Miki Sugiyama, Takuma Hazama, Kaoru Nakano, Kengo Urae, Tomofumi Moriyama, Takuya Ariyoshi, Yuka Kurokawa, Goh Kodama, Yoshifumi Wada, Junko Yano, Yoshihiko Otsubo, Ryuji Iwatani, Yukie Kinoshita, Yusuke Kaida, Makoto Nasu, Ryo Shibata, Kyoko Tashiro and Kei Fukami
Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1900; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061900 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3016
Abstract
L-carnitine (LC) supplementation improves cardiac function in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, whether reducing LC supplementation affects carnitine kinetics and cardiac function in HD patients treated with LC remains unclear. Fifty-nine HD patients previously treated with intravenous LC 1000 mg per HD session (three [...] Read more.
L-carnitine (LC) supplementation improves cardiac function in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, whether reducing LC supplementation affects carnitine kinetics and cardiac function in HD patients treated with LC remains unclear. Fifty-nine HD patients previously treated with intravenous LC 1000 mg per HD session (three times weekly) were allocated to three groups: LC injection three times weekly, once weekly, and placebo, and prospectively followed up for six months. Carnitine fractions were assessed by enzyme cycling methods. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) acylcarnitines were profiled using tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Reducing LC administration to once weekly significantly decreased plasma carnitine fractions and RBC-free carnitine levels during the study period, which were further decreased in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Plasma BNP levels were significantly elevated in the placebo group (p = 0.03). Furthermore, changes in RBC (C16 + C18:1)/C2 acylcarnitine ratio were positively correlated with changes in plasma BNP levels (β = 0.389, p = 0.005). Reducing LC administration for six months significantly decreased both plasma and RBC carnitine levels, while the full termination of LC increased plasma BNP levels; however, it did not influence cardiac function in HD patients. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1186 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population
by Urban Alehagen, Jan Aaseth, Tomas L. Lindahl, Anders Larsson and Jan Alexander
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041344 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5481
Abstract
A low intake of selenium is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This could be reduced by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10. D-dimer, a fragment of fibrin mirroring fibrinolysis, is a biomarker of thromboembolism, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and is associated [...] Read more.
A low intake of selenium is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This could be reduced by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10. D-dimer, a fragment of fibrin mirroring fibrinolysis, is a biomarker of thromboembolism, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and is associated with cardiovascular mortality in ischemic heart disease. The objective was to examine the impact of selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the level of D-dimer, and its relationship to cardiovascular mortality. D-dimer was measured in 213 individuals at the start and after 48 months of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 106) or placebo (n = 107). The follow-up time was 4.9 years. All included individuals were low in selenium (mean 67 μg/L, SD 16.8). The differences in D-dimer concentration were evaluated by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. At the end, a significantly lower D-dimer concentration was observed in the active treatment group in comparison with those on placebo (p = 0.006). Although D-dimer values at baseline were weakly associated with high-sensitive CRP, while being more strongly associated with soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and sP-selectin, controlling for these in the analysis there was an independent effect on D-dimer. In participants with a D-dimer level above median at baseline, the supplementation resulted in significantly lower cardiovascular mortality compared to those on placebo (p = 0.014). All results were validated with a persisting significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 in a group of elderly low in selenium and coenzyme Q10 prevented an increase in D-dimer and reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in comparison with the placebo group. The obtained results also illustrate important associations between inflammation, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 698 KiB  
Article
Impact of Inadequate Calorie Intake on Mortality and Hospitalization in Stable Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
by Yoshikuni Obata, Naoya Kakutani, Shintaro Kinugawa, Arata Fukushima, Takashi Yokota, Shingo Takada, Taisuke Ono, Takeshi Sota, Yoshiharu Kinugasa, Masashige Takahashi, Hisashi Matsuo, Ryuichi Matsukawa, Ichiro Yoshida, Isao Yokota, Kazuhiro Yamamoto and Miyuki Tsuchihashi-Makaya
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030874 - 08 Mar 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3490
Abstract
Malnutrition is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), but the precise impact of dietary energy deficiency on HF patients’ clinical outcomes is not known. We investigated the associations between inadequate calorie intake and adverse clinical events in 145 stable outpatients with [...] Read more.
Malnutrition is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), but the precise impact of dietary energy deficiency on HF patients’ clinical outcomes is not known. We investigated the associations between inadequate calorie intake and adverse clinical events in 145 stable outpatients with chronic HF who had a history of hospitalization due to worsening HF. To assess the patients’ dietary pattern, we used a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ). Inadequate calorie intake was defined as <60% of the estimated energy requirement. In the total chronic HF cohort, the median calorie intake was 1628 kcal/day. Forty-four patients (30%) were identified as having an inadequate calorie intake. A Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the patients with inadequate calorie intake had significantly worse clinical outcomes including all-cause death and HF-related hospitalization during the 1-year follow-up period versus those with adequate calorie intake (20% vs. 5%, p < 0.01). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate calorie intake was an independent predictor of adverse clinical events after adjustment for various factors that may influence patients’ calorie intake. Among patients with chronic HF, inadequate calorie intake was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization due to worsening HF. However, our results are preliminary and larger studies with direct measurements of dietary calorie intake and total energy expenditure are needed to clarify the intrinsic nature of this relationship. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 525 KiB  
Article
Protein Intake and Physical Activity in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study
by Andrea Greco, Agostino Brugnera, Roberta Adorni, Marco D’Addario, Francesco Fattirolli, Cristina Franzelli, Cristina Giannattasio, Alessandro Maloberti, Francesco Zanatta and Patrizia Steca
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020634 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Among the most important modifiable and well-known risk factors are an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Nevertheless, adherence to healthy lifestyle regimes is [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Among the most important modifiable and well-known risk factors are an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Nevertheless, adherence to healthy lifestyle regimes is poor. The present study examined longitudinal trajectories (pre-event, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 60-month follow-ups) of protein intake (fish, legumes, red/processed meat) and physical activity in 275 newly-diagnosed patients with acute coronary syndrome. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the season in which each assessment was made, and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Significant changes in protein intake and physical activity were found from pre-event to the six-month follow-up, suggesting the adoption of healthier behaviors. However, soon after the six-month follow-up, patients experienced significant declines in their healthy behaviors. Both physical activity and red/processed meat intake were modulated by the season in which the assessments took place and by anxiety symptoms over time. The negative long-term trajectory of healthy behaviors suggests that tailored interventions are needed that sustain patients’ capabilities to self-regulate their behaviors over time and consider patient preference in function of season. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2043 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Long-Term Nutrition Counseling According to the Behavioral Modification Stages in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
by Keiko Matsuzaki, Nobuko Fukushima, Yutaka Saito, Naoya Matsumoto, Mayu Nagaoka, Yousuke Katsuda and Shin-ichiro Miura
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020414 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2147
Abstract
Background: the behavioral modification stages (BMS) are widely used; however, there are no reports on long-term nutrition counseling for cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to BMS. Aim: to study the effects of long-term nutrition counseling based on the BMS in patients with CVD. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: the behavioral modification stages (BMS) are widely used; however, there are no reports on long-term nutrition counseling for cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to BMS. Aim: to study the effects of long-term nutrition counseling based on the BMS in patients with CVD. Methods: fifteen patients with CVD who participated in nutrition counseling were enrolled between June 2012 and December 2016. We provided BMS and dietary questionnaires to estimate the stage score (SS), salt intake, and drinking habits (non-drinking group (n = 7)/drinking group (n = 8)), and measured the blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and biochemical markers before and after hospitalization at 6 months, 1 year, and 1.5 years after leaving the outpatient department (OPD). Results: a significant decreased salt intake and increase in SS were found at 1.5 years. It significantly decreased the BP and salt intake in the non-drinking group at 1.5 years. Conclusions: long-term nutrition counseling according to BMS improved salt intake and BP in the non-drinking group. However, in the drinking group, increased salt intake might weaken the BP improvement. Temperance and low-sodium intake are essential factors that control BP, especially in drinkers. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2938 KiB  
Article
High Plasma Docosahexaenoic Acid Associated to Better Prognoses of Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
by Naoaki Matsuo, Toru Miyoshi, Atsushi Takaishi, Takao Kishinoue, Kentaro Yasuhara, Masafumi Tanimoto, Yukari Nakano, Nobuhiko Onishi, Masayuki Ueeda and Hiroshi Ito
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020371 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2187
Abstract
The clinical relevance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in heart failure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PUFA levels and the prognosis of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This retrospective study included [...] Read more.
The clinical relevance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in heart failure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PUFA levels and the prognosis of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This retrospective study included 140 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HFpEF (median age 84.0 years, 42.9% men). The patients’ nutritional status was assessed, using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and their plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) were measured before discharge. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the primary outcome occurred in 37 patients (26.4%). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that lower DHA and DGLA levels, but not EPA or AA levels, were significantly associated with an increase in all-cause death (log-rank; p < 0.001 and p = 0.040, respectively). A multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that DHA levels were significantly associated with the incidence of all-cause death (HR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.44, p = 0.001), independent of the GNRI. Our results suggest that low plasma DHA levels may be a useful predictor of all-cause mortality and potential therapeutic target in patients with acute decompensated HFpEF. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 946 KiB  
Article
Association between Vitamin D and Heart Failure Mortality in 10,974 Hospitalized Individuals
by Kenya Kusunose, Yuichiro Okushi, Yoshihiro Okayama, Robert Zheng, Miho Abe, Michikazu Nakai, Yoko Sumita, Takayuki Ise, Takeshi Tobiume, Koji Yamaguchi, Shusuke Yagi, Daiju Fukuda, Hirotsugu Yamada, Takeshi Soeki, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki and Masataka Sata
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020335 - 23 Jan 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3575
Abstract
A broad range of chronic conditions, including heart failure (HF), have been associated with vitamin D deficiency. Existing clinical trials involving vitamin D supplementation in chronic HF patients have been inconclusive. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of patients with vitamin D supplementation, [...] Read more.
A broad range of chronic conditions, including heart failure (HF), have been associated with vitamin D deficiency. Existing clinical trials involving vitamin D supplementation in chronic HF patients have been inconclusive. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of patients with vitamin D supplementation, compared with a matched cohort using real-world big data of HF hospitalization. This study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Datasets (JROAD-DPC). After exclusion criteria, we identified 93,692 patients who were first hospitalized with HF between April 2012 and March 2017 (mean age was 79 ± 12 years, and 52.2% were male). Propensity score (PS) was estimated with logistic regression model, with vitamin D supplementation as the dependent variable and clinically relevant covariates. On PS-matched analysis with 10,974 patients, patients with vitamin D supplementation had lower total in-hospital mortality (6.5 vs. 9.4%, odds ratio: 0.67, p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality within 7 days and 30 days (0.9 vs. 2.5%, OR, 0.34, and 3.8 vs. 6.5%, OR: 0.56, both p < 0.001). In the sub-group analysis, mortalities in patients with age < 75, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial arrhythmia, cancer, renin-angiotensin system blocker, and β-blocker were not affected by vitamin D supplementation. Patients with vitamin D supplementation had a lower in-hospital mortality for HF than patients without vitamin D supplementation in the propensity matched cohort. The identification of specific clinical characteristics in patients benefitting from vitamin D may be useful for determining targets of future randomized control trials. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 535 KiB  
Article
Secular Decreasing Trend in Plasma Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome from 2011 to 2019: A Single Center Descriptive Study
by Tomoaki Okada, Toru Miyoshi, Masayuki Doi, Kosuke Seiyama, Wataru Takagi, Masahiro Sogo, Kazumasa Nosaka, Masahiko Takahashi, Keisuke Okawa and Hiroshi Ito
Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010253 - 17 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
Despite intensive lipid-lowering interventions, patients treated with statins develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and these patients have an increased risk of developing recurrent cardiovascular events during follow-up. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the residual risks in patients in statin therapy [...] Read more.
Despite intensive lipid-lowering interventions, patients treated with statins develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and these patients have an increased risk of developing recurrent cardiovascular events during follow-up. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the residual risks in patients in statin therapy to further reduce ASCVD. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the 10-year trend (2011–2019) regarding changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a single center. We included 686 men and 203 women with ACS admitted to Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital. Plasma PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), were measured at admission for suspected ACS. A secular decreasing trend in the levels of EPA and DHA and the EPA/AA ratio, but not of AA and DGLA, was observed. The analyses based on age (>70 or <70 years) and sex showed that the decreasing trend in the levels of EPA and DHA did not depend on age and remained significant only in men. Further studies are needed to obtain robust evidence to justify that the administration of n-3 PUFA contributes to the secondary prevention of ACS. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 785 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Accumulation of Unhealthy Eating Habits on Obesity in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study
by Yuki Ishida, Daigo Yoshida, Takanori Honda, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Mao Shibata, Satoko Sakata, Yoshihiko Furuta, Emi Oishi, Jun Hata, Takanari Kitazono and Toshiharu Ninomiya
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3160; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103160 - 16 Oct 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4846
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between the accumulation of unhealthy eating habits and the likelihood of obesity or central obesity in a general Japanese population. We examined this association in a sample of 1906 community-dwelling Japanese subjects (age: 40–74 years) who participated [...] Read more.
Few studies have examined the association between the accumulation of unhealthy eating habits and the likelihood of obesity or central obesity in a general Japanese population. We examined this association in a sample of 1906 community-dwelling Japanese subjects (age: 40–74 years) who participated in a health check-up in 2014. A face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted to collect information about three unhealthy eating habits, i.e., snacking, eating quickly, and eating late-evening meals. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated by using a logistic regression analysis. Subjects with any one of the three eating habits had a significantly higher likelihood of obesity than those without that habit after adjusting for confounding factors. The multivariable-adjusted OR for obesity increased linearly with an increase in the number of accumulated unhealthy eating habits (p for trend < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for central obesity. Our findings suggest that modifying each unhealthy eating habit and avoiding an accumulation of multiple unhealthy eating habits might be important to reduce the likelihood of obesity. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 265 KiB  
Article
Milk Intake and Stroke Mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study—A Bayesian Survival Analysis
by Chaochen Wang, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Yingsong Lin, Tae Sasakabe, Sayo Kawai, Shogo Kikuchi, Hiroyasu Iso and Akiko Tamakoshi
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2743; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092743 - 09 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3026
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further examine the relationship between milk intake and stroke mortality among the Japanese population. We used data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study (total number of participants = 110,585, age range: 40–79) to estimate the [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to further examine the relationship between milk intake and stroke mortality among the Japanese population. We used data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study (total number of participants = 110,585, age range: 40–79) to estimate the posterior acceleration factors (AF) as well as the hazard ratios (HR) comparing individuals with different milk intake frequencies against those who never consumed milk at the study baseline. These estimations were computed through a series of Bayesian survival models that employed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation process. In total, 100,000 posterior samples were generated separately through four independent chains after model convergency was confirmed. Posterior probabilites that daily milk consumers had lower hazard or delayed mortality from strokes compared to non-consumers was 99.0% and 78.0% for men and women, respectively. Accordingly, the estimated posterior means of AF and HR for daily milk consumers were 0.88 (95% Credible Interval, CrI: 0.81, 0.96) and 0.80 (95% CrI: 0.69, 0.93) for men and 0.97 (95% CrI: 0.88, 1.10) and 0.95 (95% CrI: 0.80, 1.17) for women. In conclusion, data from the JACC study provided strong evidence that daily milk intake among Japanese men was associated with delayed and lower risk of mortality from stroke especially cerebral infarction. Full article
Back to TopTop