Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Biochemical Analyses
2.3. Determination of D-Dimer
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Relation between D-Dimer and Biomarkers for Inflammation at Study Start
3.2. Effect of Supplementation on the Concentration of D-Dimer
3.3. Effect of Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 on Mortality
3.4. Impact of Supplementation on D-Dimer Levels in Participants with Hypertension or Ischaemic Heart Disease
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Ethical Approval
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Active Treatment Group n = 106 | Placebo Group n = 107 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age years, mean (SD) | 77.0 (3.7) | 77.0 (3.3) | 0.36 |
Gender, Males/Females | 43/64 | 46/61 | |
History | |||
Diabetes, n (%) | 25 (23.6) | 21 (19.6) | 0.51 |
Smoking, n (%) | 9 (8.5) | 12 (11.2) | 0.50 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 75 (70.8) | 75 (70.1) | 0.92 |
IHD, n (%) | 18 (17.0) | 22 (20.6) | 0.50 |
NYHA class I, n (%) | 54 (50.9) | 57 (53.3) | 0.73 |
NYHA class II, n (%) | 33 (31.1) | 26 (24.3) | 0.27 |
NYHA class III, n (%) | 19 (17.9) | 23 (21.5) | 0.51 |
NYHA class IV, n (%) | 0 | 0 | |
Medications | |||
ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 18 (17.0) | 20 (18.7) | 0.74 |
Beta blockers, n (%) | 32 (30.2) | 24 (22.4) | 0.20 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 29 (27.4) | 32 (29.9) | 0.68 |
Statins, n (%) | 20 (18.9) | 20 (18.7) | 0.97 |
Examinations | |||
EF < 40%, n (%) | 2 (1.9) | 7 (6.5) | 0.20 |
s-selenium pre-intervention µg/L, mean (SD) | 67.6 (14.8) | 66.3 (15.8) | 0.98 |
Effects | Mean Squares | Degrees of Freedom | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 0.24 | 1 | 6.35 | 0.01 |
Smoker | 0.01 | 1 | 0.39 | 0.53 |
Hypertension | 0.11 | 1 | 2.92 | 0.09 |
Diabetes | 0.02 | 1 | 0.66 | 0.42 |
IHD | 0.001 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.86 |
NYHA III | 0.005 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.72 |
Hb < 120g/L | 0.02 | 1 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
Statin treatment | 0.08 | 1 | 2.16 | 0.15 |
p-selectin incl | 0.002 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.84 |
hsCRP incl | 0.0002 | 1 | 0.004 | 0.95 |
Endostatin incl | 0.30 | 1 | 8.08 | 0.006 |
sTNF-r1 incl | 0.009 | 1 | 0.23 | 0.63 |
sTNF-r2 incl | 0.25 | 1 | 6.73 | 0.01 |
GDF-15 incl | 0.12 | 1 | 3.14 | 0.08 |
D-dimer incl | 0.95 | 1 | 25.6 | 0.000002 |
Active treatment | 0.37 | 1 | 9.89 | 0.002 |
Error | 0.04 | 1 |
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Alehagen, U.; Aaseth, J.; Lindahl, T.L.; Larsson, A.; Alexander, J. Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041344
Alehagen U, Aaseth J, Lindahl TL, Larsson A, Alexander J. Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041344
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlehagen, Urban, Jan Aaseth, Tomas L. Lindahl, Anders Larsson, and Jan Alexander. 2021. "Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041344