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Nutrients
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Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation through Nutrition Interventions and Exercises
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Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation through Nutrition Interventions and Exercises

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2024) | Viewed by 5790

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dejan Reljic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Experimental Nutritional and Sports Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
2. Sports Science and Performance Physiology Research Group, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Interests: exercise physiology; sports medicine; physical activity; muscle physiology; cardiorespiratory fitness; chronic diseases; nutrition; obesity; metabolic syndrome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is widely acknowledged that chronic low-grade inflammation is a central driver in the development of many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The prevalence of these diseases has been steadily increasing over recent decades, highlighting the urgent need for effective preventive and treatment strategies. Consequently, exploring measures that can effectively counteract chronic low-grade inflammation is essential for developing targeted interventions to combat NCDs.

Healthy lifestyle habits, particularly proper nutrition and regular physical activity, have been shown to play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. There is growing evidence to suggest that dietary modifications and targeted exercise interventions can have a beneficial impact on reducing chronic low-grade inflammation.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide an updated overview and new insights into the role of nutrition, physical activity, and exercise in preventing and treating chronic low-grade inflammation. We invite researchers to submit original research and review papers that investigate the effects of diet, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or specific exercise programs on chronic low-grade inflammation in different cohorts. Through this Special Issue, we aim to present novel discoveries in the field and foster discussions on innovative approaches for ameliorating low-grade inflammation and associated disorders through nutrition and exercise.

Prof. Dr. Dejan Reljic
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • diet
  • supplements
  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • aerobic training
  • resistance training
  • low-grade inflammation
  • inflammatory state
  • chronic diseases
  • cardiovascular disease
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 1697 KiB  
Article
Impact of Different Low-Volume Concurrent Training Regimens on Cardiometabolic Health, Inflammation, and Fitness in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients
by Dejan Reljic, Hans Joachim Herrmann, Markus Friedrich Neurath and Yurdagül Zopf
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030561 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1340
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Evidence supports the benefits of concurrent training (CT), which combines endurance and resistance exercises, for enhancing health and physical fitness. Recently, low-volume, time-efficient exercise approaches such as low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT), whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), and single-set resistance training (1-RT) have gained [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Evidence supports the benefits of concurrent training (CT), which combines endurance and resistance exercises, for enhancing health and physical fitness. Recently, low-volume, time-efficient exercise approaches such as low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT), whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), and single-set resistance training (1-RT) have gained popularity for their feasibility and efficacy in improving various health outcomes. This study investigated the effects of low-volume CT, focusing on (1) whether exercise order affects cardiometabolic health, inflammation, and fitness adaptations and (2) which combination, LOW-HIIT plus WB-EMS or LOW-HIIT plus 1-RT, yields better results. Methods: Ninety-three obese metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients undergoing caloric restriction were randomly assigned to four groups performing the different low-volume CT protocols over 12 weeks. Outcomes included cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and fitness parameters. Results: In both combinations, no significant differences were found regarding exercise order. However, the pooled LOW-HIIT and 1-RT group achieved superior improvements in blood pressure, blood lipids, inflammation markers (CRP, hsCRP), the MetS severity score, and overall fitness compared to the LOW-HIIT and WB-EMS combination. Compared to previous studies using these modalities individually, LOW-HIIT plus 1-RT appeared to further reduce inflammation, whereas LOW-HIIT combined with WB-EMS was less effective for cardiometabolic health, potentially due to interference effects between modalities. Conclusions: While LOW-HIIT plus WB-EMS appears to be a viable option for individuals unable to perform traditional resistance training, the findings suggest prioritizing LOW-HIIT plus 1-RT to maximize health outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of tailored exercise prescriptions and the need for further research into optimizing CT protocols for diverse populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation through Nutrition Interventions and Exercises)
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12 pages, 447 KiB  
Article
Effect of Low- and Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Body Composition Cardiorespiratory Functions, Biochemical Risk Factors and Adipokines in Morbid Obesity
by Judit Horváth, Ildikó Seres, György Paragh, Péter Fülöp and Zoltán Jenei
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4251; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234251 - 9 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1528
Abstract
Background: Obesity poses an enormous public health and economic burden worldwide. Visceral fat accumulation is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular consequences, resulting in an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic conditions. We aimed to examine the impact of low-and moderate-intensity aerobic training on several [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity poses an enormous public health and economic burden worldwide. Visceral fat accumulation is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular consequences, resulting in an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic conditions. We aimed to examine the impact of low-and moderate-intensity aerobic training on several anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters and markers of atherosclerosis, including inflammation, serum levels of lipoproteins and adipokines of extremely obese patients in poor condition. Methods: Forty severely obese patients were recruited and randomized into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2, for a six-week inpatient study. Group 1 received moderate-intensity (40–60% heart rate reserve) and Group 2 received low-intensity (30–39% of heart rate reserve) aerobic training combined with resistance training. The patients’ cardiorespiratory functions were assessed by ergospirometry. Anthropometric data were recorded, body composition was analyzed and functional tests were performed. We also investigated serum lipids and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels and calculated the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance indices and adipokine levels as predictive biomarkers. Results: Functional abilities and some biochemical parameters, such as homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, serum lipids, apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein-B improved in both groups in a positive direction. However, cardiorespiratory capacity and the serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and Lipocalin-2 decreased, while irisin and paraoxonase 1 increased significantly, but only in Group 1. Conclusions: Six weeks of aerobic training, regardless of its intensity, could induce favorable changes in functional tests, body composition and serum lipids, even in severely obese, extremely unconditioned patients in both groups. However, moderate-intensity aerobic training should at least increase cardiorespiratory capacity and yield a better lipid profile oxidative status and inflammation profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation through Nutrition Interventions and Exercises)
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11 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
Effect of Single High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Post-Ultra Mountain Running Heart Damage and Iron Metabolism Changes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
by Błażej Stankiewicz, Jan Mieszkowski, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Paulina Brzezińska, Bartłomiej Niespodziński, Tomasz Kowalik, Tomasz Waldziński, Konrad Kowalski, Andżelika Borkowska, Joanna Reczkowicz, Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz and Jędrzej Antosiewicz
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2479; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152479 - 31 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2420
Abstract
Exercise-induced inflammation can influence iron metabolism. Conversely, the effects of vitamin D3, which possesses anti-inflammatory properties, on ultramarathon-induced heart damage and changes in iron metabolism have not been investigated. Thirty-five healthy long-distance semi-amateur runners were divided into two groups: one group [...] Read more.
Exercise-induced inflammation can influence iron metabolism. Conversely, the effects of vitamin D3, which possesses anti-inflammatory properties, on ultramarathon-induced heart damage and changes in iron metabolism have not been investigated. Thirty-five healthy long-distance semi-amateur runners were divided into two groups: one group received 150,000 IU of vitamin D3 24 h prior to a race (n = 16), while the other group received a placebo (n = 19). Serum iron, hepcidin (HPC), ferritin (FER), erythroferrone (ERFE), erythropoietin (EPO), neopterin (NPT), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels were assessed. A considerable effect of ultramarathon running on all examined biochemical markers was observed, with a significant rise in serum levels of ERFE, EPO, HPC, NPT, and cTnT detected immediately post-race, irrespective of the group factor. Vitamin D3 supplementation showed a notable interaction with the UM, specifically in EPO and cTnT, with no other additional changes in the other analysed markers. In addition to the correlation between baseline FER and post-run ERFE, HPC was modified by vitamin D. The ultramarathon significantly influenced the EPO/ERFE/HPC axis; however, a single substantial dose of vitamin D3 had an effect only on EPO, which was associated with the lower heart damage marker cTnT after the run. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation through Nutrition Interventions and Exercises)
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