The Role of Nutrition and Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Associated Diseases—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 548

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Interests: exercise physiology; sports medicine; physical activity; muscle physiology; cardiorespiratory fitness; chronic diseases; nutrition; obesity; metabolic syndrome
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) has reached epidemic proportions, remaining the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accordingly, the identification of effective strategies for the prevention and management of NCDs is of critical importance to public health. Many common chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer, are closely linked to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. In this context, lifestyle interventions, including those based on exercise and diet, have been shown to play a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative damage and improving overall health outcomes. Notably, improved physical fitness and a proper diet can help to reduce disease risk, lower medication use, and enhance quality of life in individuals with chronic issues.

Following the success of the first edition of this Special Issue, this second edition aims to provide an updated perspective on the interplay of physical exercise, nutrition, and oxidative stress in chronic disease prevention and therapy. We welcome both original research and comprehensive review articles that investigate how structured exercise programs, dietary patterns, and nutritional supplementation may impact oxidative stress, antioxidative capacity, inflammation, and related biomarkers in individuals with—or at risk for—chronic conditions, particularly (but not limited to) cardiometabolic diseases and cancer.

Our goal is to present new discoveries in the field that contribute to the advancement of innovative, evidence-based exercise and nutrition approaches for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases.

Prof. Dr. Dejan Reljic
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • nutrition
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidant capacity
  • reactive oxygen species
  • redox status
  • chronic diseases
  • cardiovascular disease
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • type 2 diabetes
  • cancer
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 4605 KB  
Article
Caloric Restriction Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Is Associated with Changes in Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial DNA Damage
by Xinyu Liao, Nadezda V. Andrianova, Ljubava D. Zorova, Irina S. Sadovnikova, Dmitry S. Semenovich, Vasily N. Manskikh, Irina B. Pevzner, Artem P. Gureev and Egor Y. Plotnikov
Antioxidants 2026, 15(6), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15060653 - 22 May 2026
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is known to activate a broad spectrum of cytoprotective signaling pathways and enhance tissue tolerance to various stressors, including those associated with the cytotoxic effects of pharmaceutical agents. Nephrotoxic drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, remain a major clinical concern due [...] Read more.
Caloric restriction (CR) is known to activate a broad spectrum of cytoprotective signaling pathways and enhance tissue tolerance to various stressors, including those associated with the cytotoxic effects of pharmaceutical agents. Nephrotoxic drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, remain a major clinical concern due to their frequent use and potential to cause acute kidney injury (AKI), for which effective preventive strategies are still limited. In this study, we investigated whether CR applied for 5 weeks (4-week pretreatment + 1-week concurrent with AKI induction) can alleviate AKI triggered by the antibiotic gentamicin, with a focus on evaluating changes in antioxidant-related parameters and autophagy-associated signaling during CR-mediated nephroprotection. CR’s nephroprotective effects were evaluated using diagnostic assays, Western blotting, and histological analysis. Additionally, oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial integrity were assessed to analyze the impact of CR on antioxidant-related pathways. CR significantly improved renal function and structure, with reduced kidney injury markers (KIM-1, NGAL) and alleviated histological damage. Critically, CR mitigated oxidative stress, evidenced by decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonylation, as well as increased levels of the reduced form of glutathione and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). A lowered Bcl-XL/XS ratio was consistent with reduced apoptotic signaling, while reduced leukocyte infiltration reflected attenuated renal inflammation. Additionally, a reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions suggested that CR was associated with modulation of mitochondrial and metabolism-related pathways, with concurrent improvements in mitochondrial stability. Our findings demonstrate that CR attenuated gentamicin-induced AKI and was associated with changes in antioxidant-related parameters, reduced mtDNA damage, a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration, and modulation of autophagy-related signaling. Full article
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