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Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 March 2024) | Viewed by 9698

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Takatoshi Kasai

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Guest Editor

Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
Interests: heart failure; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; hemodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Masahiko Kato

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Guest Editor

Division of School of Health Science, Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
Interests: sleep disorders; sleep apnea; heart failure; cardiac rehabilitation

Dr. Ryo Naito

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Guest Editor

1. Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
2. Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: heart failure; preventive cardiology; public health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite improvements in pharmacological treatments, patients with CVD have an unfavorable prognosis. Modifiable risk factors of CVD include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, and so forth, many of which are generally based on lifestyle behaviors related to diet and sleep. Unhealthy diet such as high intake of salt, carbohydrate and saturated fatty acid cause atherosclerotic disease through development of the CVD risk factors. Sleep disorders such as sleep apnea and sleep deprivation that negatively affect sleep hygiene and quality, also play an important role of developing hypertension, CVD, and heart failure. However, evidence on an interplay between diet and sleep on developing CVD is scarce.

This Special Issue invites submissions of manuscripts, either original research or reviews, with an emphasis on describing the interplay between diet and sleep and/or their influences on CVD and cardiovascular risk factors. The main focus is on human studies, but experimental work in animal models will also be considered. We welcome different types of manuscript submissions, including original research articles and up-to-date reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Dr. Takatoshi Kasai
Prof. Dr. Masahiko Kato
Dr. Ryo Naito
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

sleep
diet
cardiovascular disease
risk factors
sleep deprivation
insomnia
sleep apnea
sleep related movement disorders
intake
nutrition

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 169 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases

by Masahiko Kato

Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3668; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173668 - 22 Aug 2023

Viewed by 835

Abstract

Central sleep apnea represented by Cheyne–Stokes Respiration (CSR) is frequently observed in heart failure (HF) patients, and its severity has been reported to be associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with HF [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

25 pages, 2925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep Quality, Nutrient Intake, and Social Development Index Predict Metabolic Syndrome in the Tlalpan 2020 Cohort: A Machine Learning and Synthetic Data Study

by Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Esparza, Mireya Martinez-Garcia, Tania Ramírez-delReal, Lucero Elizabeth Groves-Miralrio, Manlio F. Marquez, Tomás Pulido, Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra and Enrique Hernández-Lemus

Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050612 - 23 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1092

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), sleep disorders, the consumption of some nutrients, and social development factors, focusing on gender differences in an unbalanced dataset from a Mexico City cohort. We used data balancing techniques like SMOTE and ADASYN after employing machine learning models like random forest and RPART to predict MetS. Random forest excelled, achieving significant, balanced accuracy, indicating its robustness in predicting MetS and achieving a balanced accuracy of approximately 87%. Key predictors for men included body mass index and family history of gout, while waist circumference and glucose levels were most significant for women. In relation to diet, sleep quality, and social development, metabolic syndrome in men was associated with high lactose and carbohydrate intake, educational lag, living with a partner without marrying, and lack of durable goods, whereas in women, best predictors in these dimensions include protein, fructose, and cholesterol intake, copper metabolites, snoring, sobbing, drowsiness, sanitary adequacy, and anxiety. These findings underscore the need for personalized approaches in managing MetS and point to a promising direction for future research into the interplay between social factors, sleep disorders, and metabolic health, which mainly depend on nutrient consumption by region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

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17 pages, 1275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: The Moderating Role of Adequate Sleep—Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002–2022)

by Evangelia Damigou, Christina Chrysohoou, Christina Vafia, Fotios Barkas, Evrydiki Kravvariti, Elpiniki Vlachopoulou, Konstantina Kyrili, Costas Tsioufis, Christos Pitsavos, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Petros P. Sfikakis and Demosthenes Panagiotakos

Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010012 - 20 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1495

Abstract

The relationship between diet, sleep duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been well understood. The aim of the present study was to test the potential modifying role of sleep duration in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet (MD) and CVD risk. The study consisted of n = 313 initially free-of-CVD adults, from the ATTICA cohort study (2002–2022), with available information on sleep habits. Sleep habits were categorized as inadequate and adequate sleep duration (< or ≥7 h/day, respectively). In multi-adjusted analysis, MD adherence was inversely associated with CVD risk [Hazard Ratio-HR per 1/55 in MedDietScore: 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 0.65, 0.98]. A significant interaction between sleep duration and MedDietScore was observed (p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the protective association between MD adherence and CVD risk was found only in participants who slept adequately, i.e., >7 h/day [HR:0.80, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.98]. Those who had a high adherence to the MD along with adequate sleep habits, had a 70% reduced 20-year CVD risk [HR:0.30, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.80], compared to those who had a low MD adherence and inadequate sleep habits. Sleep duration should be a part of an individual’s lifestyle, together with dietary and other habits, to effectively evaluate CVD risk for future events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

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11 pages, 2374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Serum Uric Acid and Their Sex Differences: The Nagahama Study

by Hironobu Sunadome, Kimihiko Murase, Yasuharu Tabara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Takuma Minami, Osamu Kanai, Tadao Nagasaki, Naomi Takahashi, Satoshi Hamada, Kiminobu Tanizawa, Jumpei Togawa, Sayaka Uiji, Tomoko Wakamura, Naoko Komenami, Kazuya Setoh, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Satoshi Morita, Yoshimitsu Takahashi, Takeo Nakayama, Toyohiro Hirai, Susumu Sato, Fumihiko Matsuda and Kazuo Chin Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4237; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194237 - 30 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1047

Abstract

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is often accompanied by noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including gout. However, the association between serum uric acid (sUA) levels and NCDs is complicated in patients with SDB. We aimed to clarify this issue utilizing large-scale epidemiological data. This community-based study included 9850 inhabitants. SDB and its severity were assessed by a 3% oxygen desaturation index (3% ODI) corrected for sleep duration using wrist actigraphy. The associations between sUA and moderate to severe SDB (MS-SDB) and sUA and NCDs in patients with MS-SDB were analyzed. A total of 7895 subjects were eligible. In females, the prevalence of MS-SDB increased according to an elevation in sUA levels even after adjusting for confounders, and sUA ≥ 5 mg/dL was the threshold. These were not found in males. There was a positive interaction between sUA ≥ 5 mg/dL and female sex for MS-SDB. In females with MS-SDB, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increased according to an elevation in sUA levels, and those with sUA ≥ 5 mg/dL showed a higher prevalence of DM than their counterparts. There is a clear correlation between sUA levels and the severity of SDB, and elevated sUA poses a risk for DM in females with MS-SDB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

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13 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationships between Various Factors and Sleep Status: A Cross-Sectional Study among Healthy Saudi Adults

by Sara AL-Musharaf, Basmah Albedair, Waad Alfawaz, Madhawi Aldhwayan and Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 4090; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184090 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1516

Abstract

Impaired sleep can adversely affect daily life. This study assesses the association between different factors and sleep status among apparently healthy Saudi adults. In total, 478 adults were included in this study. Data on anthropometrics, body composition, stress scales, physical activity, and dietary habits were collected. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured. Sleep quality and duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Larger neck circumference (NC) was associated with short sleep duration (odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.08, 1.41]; p = 0.002). Higher triglyceride levels were associated with poor sleep quality (OR 1.01; 95% CI [1.002, 1.02]; p = 0.019) and short sleep duration (OR 1.01; 95% CI [1.004, 1.02]; p = 0.005). Stress was a risk factor for poor sleep quality (OR 1.15; 95% CI [1.09, 1.22]; p < 0.001). Being married was significantly associated with good sleep quality (OR 2.97; 95% CI [1.32, 6.71]; p = 0.009), while being single was correlated with longer sleep duration (OR 0.46; 95% CI [0.22, 0.96]; p = 0.039). Other factors such as having a larger waist circumference and more muscle mass were protective factors against poor sleep quality and/or short sleep duration. In conclusion, a larger NC is suggested as a risk factor for short sleep duration and a higher triglyceride level for both short and poor sleep among healthy Saudis. Investigating the factors associated with sleep status may help alleviate sleep disturbances and improve overall health. Further studies are needed to confirm causality using objective sleep measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

10 pages, 941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Status and Sleep Quality Are Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results from Tokyo Sleep Heart Study

by Kazuki Shiina, Yoshifumi Takata, Takamichi Takahashi, Junya Kani, Hiroki Nakano, Yasuyuki Takada, Yoshinao Yazaki, Kazuhiro Satomi and Hirofumi Tomiyama

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3943; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183943 - 12 Sep 2023

Viewed by 993

Abstract

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has been observed to be much higher than in control participants without AF. Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of AF in patients with OSA. The clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and sleep parameters associated with AF in patients with OSA remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with AF in patients with OSA from a large Japanese sleep cohort (Tokyo Sleep Heart Study). This was a single-center explorative cross-sectional study. Between November 2004 and June 2018, we consecutively recruited 2569 patients with OSA who underwent an overnight full polysomnography at our hospital. They were assessed using a 12-lead ECG and echocardiography. The clinical characteristics, sleep parameters, and medical history were also determined. Of the OSA patients, 169 (6.6%) had AF. Compared with the non-AF patients, OSA patients with AF were older and male, and they had higher prevalence of a history of alcohol consumption, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and undernutrition, as well as a reduced ejection fraction. With regard to the sleep study parameters, OSA patients with AF had reduced slow-wave sleep and sleep efficiency, as well as higher periodic limb movements. There were no significant differences in the apnea–hypopnea index or hypoxia index between the two groups. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (OR = 4.020; 95% CI: 1.895–8.527; p < 0.001), a history of alcohol consumption (OR = 2.718; 95% CI: 1.461–5.057; p = 0.002), a high CONUT score (OR = 2.129; 95% CI: 1.077–4.209; p = 0.030), and reduced slow-wave sleep (OR = 5.361; 95% CI: 1.505–19.104; p = 0.010) were factors significantly related to AF. The prevalence of AF in patients with OSA was 6.6%. Age, a history of alcohol consumption, undernutrition, and reduced sleep quality were independent risk factors for the presence of AF in patients with OSA, regardless of the severity of OSA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

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11 pages, 1474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Value of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration and Nutritional Status in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

by Abidan Abulimiti, Ryo Naito, Takatoshi Kasai, Sayaki Ishiwata, Miho Nishitani-Yokoyama, Akihiro Sato, Shoko Suda, Hiroki Matsumoto, Jun Shitara, Shoichiro Yatsu, Azusa Murata, Megumi Shimizu, Takao Kato, Masaru Hiki, Hiroyuki Daida and Tohru Minamino

Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040964 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1862

Abstract

Malnutrition frequently coexists with heart failure (HF), leading to series of negative consequences. Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR) is predominantly detected in patients with HF. However, the effect of CSR and malnutrition on the long-term prognosis of patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) remains unclear. We enrolled 162 patients with ADHF (median age, 62 years; 78.4% men). The presence of CSR was assessed using polysomnography and the controlling nutritional status score was assessed to evaluate the nutritional status. Patients were divided into four groups based on CSR and malnutrition. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. In total, 44% of patients had CSR and 67% of patients had malnutrition. The all-cause mortality rate was 26 (16%) during the 35.9 months median follow-up period. CSR with malnutrition was associated with lower survival rates (log-rank p < 0.001). Age, hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte count, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, B-type natriuretic peptide, administration of loop diuretics, apnea-hypopnea index and central apnea-hypopnea index were significantly different among all groups (p < 0.05). CSR with malnutrition was independently associated with all-cause mortality. In conclusion, CSR with malnutrition is associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality in patients with ADHF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet- and Sleep-Based Approach for Cardiovascular Risk/Diseases)

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