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Measuring Healthy Diets: The Past, Present and Future of Dietary Assessment

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2026) | Viewed by 3414

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
2. RISE—Health, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
3. Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
4. Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
Interests: nutrition; dietary patterns; nutritional epidemiology; obesity; diet assessment; dietary surveys
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1. Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
2. H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
3. Sports and Physical Activity Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
4. Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: health sciences; dietary patterns; dietary surveys; sustainable and healthy diet; medical and health sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary assessment is a cornerstone of nutritional research, providing valuable insights into the association between diet and health. Over the years, methods that measure dietary intake have greatly advanced, from conventional food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls to more advanced digital tools and biomarkers. These advancements reflect efforts to improve the accuracy, reliability and feasibility of collecting dietary intake data. Recent innovations leverage mobile applications, wearable devices and machine learning algorithms, providing new opportunities for more accurate and objective dietary data collection.

Despite these developments, challenges persist in accurately assessing the quality of diets and aligning metrics with the evolving concepts of healthy diets. There is a need to develop standardized indicators that reflect global dietary recommendations and ensure consistency across different populations.

This Special Issue will explore the evolution of dietary assessment methodologies, highlighting recent advances and future directions for measuring healthy diets.

Dr. Sandra Abreu
Dr. Margarida Liz Martins
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dietary data collection
  • dietary indicators
  • food consumption assessment
  • nutrition monitoring

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 652 KB  
Article
Iodine Content of Commercially Available Iodized Salts in Hungary Determined by Iodometric Titration: Implications for the Effectiveness of Salt Iodization
by Nicole Hunter, Károly Berényi, Ágnes Csergő, Afshin Zand, Anita Bufa, Ágnes Dörnyei, Balázs Németh, István Kiss, Bálint Árvay and Katalin Szendi
Nutrients 2026, 18(7), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18071164 - 7 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Iodine deficiency remains an important global public health concern. Although iodized salt is the primary strategy for iodine deficiency prevention, its effectiveness depends on adequate iodine concentrations in commercially available products. However, laboratory data on the iodine content of retail salt products [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Iodine deficiency remains an important global public health concern. Although iodized salt is the primary strategy for iodine deficiency prevention, its effectiveness depends on adequate iodine concentrations in commercially available products. However, laboratory data on the iodine content of retail salt products in Hungary are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the iodine concentration of commercially available iodized table salts in Hungary and to assess their compliance with the WHO-recommended range of 20–40 ppm. Methods: Twenty different brands of iodized table salt were purchased from major retail outlets in Pécs, Hungary, representing the dominant food retail sector. According to product labels, ten salts were fortified with potassium iodate (KIO3) and ten with potassium iodide (KI). Iodine concentrations were determined by iodometric titration following WHO-recommended laboratory methods. All measurements were performed in triplicate and expressed as mean values. In addition, a small exploratory wholesale micro-survey examined purchasing patterns of iodized and non-iodized salt in the regional supply chain. Results: Measured iodine concentrations varied substantially among products, ranging from 0 to 33.9 ppm. Overall, 65% of the analyzed salt samples contained less than 20 ppm iodine, while only 35% fell within the WHO-recommended range of 20–40 ppm. Notably, several products declared iodine concentrations below recommended levels on their labels. The wholesale micro-survey showed that ten times more iodized than non-iodized salt was ordered during the observation period. Conclusions: These results suggest that the presence of iodized salt on the market does not necessarily guarantee adequate iodine supply and highlight the potential relevance of considering iodine status during the differential diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Full article
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16 pages, 321 KB  
Article
Adaptation and Validation of the Nova-UPF Screener for the Assessment of Ultra-Processed Food Intake in Portuguese Adults
by Sandra Abreu, Caroline dos Santos Costa and Margarida Liz Martins
Nutrients 2026, 18(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010090 - 27 Dec 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1621
Abstract
Background/Objectives: With the increasing global concern about diet-related diseases associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), there is an urgent need for practical and standardized tools to evaluate and monitor UPF intake. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Nova-UPF [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: With the increasing global concern about diet-related diseases associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), there is an urgent need for practical and standardized tools to evaluate and monitor UPF intake. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Nova-UPF screener, a brief, food-based questionnaire originally developed in Brazil, for use among Portuguese adults. Methods: The adaptation process relied on data from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016) and was refined using the DELPHI methodology. A validation study was carried out with a convenience sample of 304 adults through an electronic questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 24 h dietary recall. Criterion validity was assessed by examining the relationship between the Nova-UPF score and the percentage of total energy intake (TEI) from UPFs, while construct validity was evaluated based on predefined hypotheses. Agreement between quintiles of Nova-UPF score and quintiles of UPF contribution to TEI was tested using the prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) index. Results: The final Portuguese version of the Nova-UPF screener includes 25 subgroups. The Nova-UPF score was positively associated with the percentage of UPF contribution to TEI (B = 6.224, p < 0.001). Participants in the highest quintiles of the Nova-UPF score had higher TEI but lower consumption of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, potassium, and dietary fibre. There was a near-perfect agreement between quintile classifications of UPF and Nova-UPF score (PABAK = 0.86). Conclusions: The Portuguese Nova-UPF screener is a valid, simple, and quick tool for evaluating UPF consumption and dietary quality in adults. Full article
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