Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.4
5.3
Journals
Nanomaterials
Special Issues
Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices
share announcement

Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanophotonics Materials and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 32058

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jean-Emmanuel Broquin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grenoble Institute of Technology, IMEP-LAHC, 38000 Grenoble, France
Interests: silicon photonics; photodetectors; integrated photonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sonia García Blanco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
Interests: integrated photonics; on-chip active devices; integrated biosensors; heterogeneous integration technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the visionary article of Miller in 1969 introduced the notion of Integrated Optics to the scientific community, this field has experienced an astonishing development. Today, integrated photonic devices are indeed widely employed not only in telecommunications, but also for sensing, increasing the accuracy of scientific instruments as well as their reliability and compacity. More recently, quantum communications and artificial intelligence have emerged as exciting new applications that are drawing huge research interest in our community.

One of the most interesting aspects of photonic integrated circuits is that they do not rely on one single technological platform, since several approaches for realising efficient devices have been qualified throughout the years. Nonetheless, what LiNbO3, Silicon, III-V, polymer, and glass photonic devices have in common is their extensive use of nanotechnologies either for their manufacturing or functionalization.

In the present Special Issue, we aim to cover these two aspects: on one hand, the nanostructuration of waveguides and its impact on propagation (dispersion management, roughness management and its impact on propagation losses, photonic crystals and materials, plasmonics, etc.); on the other hand, the development and integration of nanomaterials in integrated photonic devices like 2D materials (Graphene and its derivatives), nanocrystals, nanotubes or nanorods. The emphasis will be placed on their optical properties and the way they are managed and integrated on a photonic chip to implement new functions. Both original research and reviews will be considered for publication.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Emmanuel Broquin
Prof. Dr. Sonia M. Garcia-Blanco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (15 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

10 pages, 968 KiB  
Article
Integrated Optical Filters with Hyperbolic Metamaterials
by Mas-ud A. Abdulkareem, Fernando López-Rayón, Citlalli T. Sosa-Sánchez, Ramsés E. Bautista González, Maximino L. Arroyo Carrasco, Marycarmen Peña-Gomar, Victor Coello and Ricardo Téllez-Limón
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13040759 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1975
Abstract
The growing development of nanotechnology requires the design of new devices that integrate different functionalities at a reduced scale. For on-chip applications such as optical communications or biosensing, it is necessary to selectively transmit a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This function is [...] Read more.
The growing development of nanotechnology requires the design of new devices that integrate different functionalities at a reduced scale. For on-chip applications such as optical communications or biosensing, it is necessary to selectively transmit a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This function is performed by the so-called band-pass filters. While several plasmonic nanostructures of complex fabrication integrated to optical waveguides have been proposed, hyperbolic metamaterials remain almost unexplored for the design of integrated band-pass filters at optical wavelengths. By making use of the effective medium theory and finite integration technique, in this contribution we numerically study an integrated device consisting of a one-dimensional hyperbolic metamaterial placed on top of a photonic waveguide. The results show that the filling fraction, period, and number of layers modify the spectral response of the device, but not for type II and effective metal metamaterials. For the proposed Au-TiO2 multilayered system, the filter operates at a wavelength of 760 nm, spectral bandwidth of 100 nm and transmission efficiency above 40%. The designed devices open new perspectives for the development of integrated band-pass filters of small scale for on-chip integrated optics applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5226 KiB  
Article
Low Loss Vertical TiO2/Polymer Hybrid Nano-Waveguides
by Isaac Doughan, Kehinde Oyemakinwa, Olli Ovaskainen and Matthieu Roussey
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(3), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030469 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1514
Abstract
This article proposes a novel demonstration of a low-loss polymer channel hybridized with a titania core leading to a nano-waveguide elongated in the normal direction to the substrate. It is aimed at using the quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) mode as the predominant mode in [...] Read more.
This article proposes a novel demonstration of a low-loss polymer channel hybridized with a titania core leading to a nano-waveguide elongated in the normal direction to the substrate. It is aimed at using the quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) mode as the predominant mode in compact photonic circuitry. A detailed design analysis shows how a thin layer of a higher-refractive index material in a trench within the core of the waveguide can increase the confinement and reduce the propagation losses. This thin layer, produced by atomic layer deposition, covers the entire polymer structure in a conformal manner, ensuring both a reduction of the surface roughness and a stronger field confinement. The trench can be made at any place within the polymer channel and therefore its position can be tuned to obtain asymmetric modal distribution. The waveguide is demonstrated at telecom wavelengths, although the material’s properties enable operation over a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We measured propagation losses as low as 1.75 ± 0.32 dB/cm in a 200 nm × 900 nm section of the waveguide core. All processes being mass-production compatible, this study opens a path towards easier integrated-component manufacture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 902 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Four-Wave Mixing at Telecom Wavelengths in Si3N4 Waveguides Locally Covered by Graphene
by Pierre Demongodin, Houssein El Dirani, Sébastien Kerdilès, Jérémy Lhuillier, Thomas Wood, Corrado Sciancalepore and Christelle Monat
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(3), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030451 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Recently, the nonlinear optical response of graphene has been widely investigated, as has the integration of this 2D material onto dielectric waveguides so as to enhance the various nonlinear phenomena that underpin all-optical signal processing applications at telecom wavelengths. However, a great disparity [...] Read more.
Recently, the nonlinear optical response of graphene has been widely investigated, as has the integration of this 2D material onto dielectric waveguides so as to enhance the various nonlinear phenomena that underpin all-optical signal processing applications at telecom wavelengths. However, a great disparity continues to exist from these experimental reports, depending on the used conditions or the hybrid devices under test. Most importantly, hybrid graphene-based waveguides were tested under relatively low powers, and/or combined with waveguide materials that already exhibited a nonnegligible nonlinear contribution, thereby limiting the practical use of graphene for nonlinear applications. Here, we experimentally investigate the nonlinear response of Si3N4 waveguides that are locally covered by submillimeter-long graphene patches by means of pulsed degenerate four-wave mixing at telecom wavelength under 7 W peak powers. Our measurements and comparison with simulations allow us to estimate a local change of the nonlinearity sign as well as a moderate increase of the nonlinear waveguide parameter (γ∼−10 m−1W−1) provided by graphene. Our analysis also clarifies the tradeoff associated with the loss penalty and nonlinear benefit afforded by graphene patches integrated onto passive photonic circuits, thereby providing some guidelines for the design of hybrid integrated nonlinear devices, coated with graphene, or, more generally, any other 2D material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 6146 KiB  
Article
Silicon Nanowire-Assisted High Uniform Arrayed Waveguide Grating
by Shuo Yuan, Jijun Feng, Zhiheng Yu, Jian Chen, Haipeng Liu, Yishu Chen, Song Guo, Fengli Huang, Ryoichi Akimoto and Heping Zeng
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010182 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2232
Abstract
Determining how to improve the non-uniformity of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is of great significance for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. In this work, a silicon nanowire-assisted AWG structure is proposed, which can achieve high uniformity with a low insertion loss. The [...] Read more.
Determining how to improve the non-uniformity of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is of great significance for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. In this work, a silicon nanowire-assisted AWG structure is proposed, which can achieve high uniformity with a low insertion loss. The article compares the effect of nanowire number and shape on uniformity and insertion loss, finding that double nanowires provide the best performance. Double nanowires with a width of 230 nm and length of 3.5 μm can consist of a slot configuration between arrayed waveguides, both connecting to the star coupler and spacing 165 nm from the waveguides. Compared with conventional 8- and 16-channel AWGs with channel spacing of 200 GHz, the non-uniformity of the presented structure can be improved from 1.09 and 1.6 dB to 0.24 and 0.63 dB, respectively. The overall footprint of the device would remain identical, which is 276 × 299 or 258 × 303 μm2 for the 8- or 16-channel AWG. The present high uniformity design is simple and easy to fabricate without any additional insertion loss, which is expected to be widely applied in the highly integrated DWDM systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 1702 KiB  
Article
Design of Reflective Polarization Rotator in Silicon Waveguide
by Li-Ying Liu, Hong-Chang Huang, Chu-Wen Chen, Fu-Li Hsiao, Yu-Chieh Cheng and Chii-Chang Chen
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(20), 3694; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203694 - 21 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1924
Abstract
In this work, we investigate theoretically the reflective polarization rotator in a silicon waveguide formed by periodically arranged rectangular air holes. The etched air holes generate the large birefringence for the waveguide. The effective refractive index of the non-etched waveguide is isotropic. The [...] Read more.
In this work, we investigate theoretically the reflective polarization rotator in a silicon waveguide formed by periodically arranged rectangular air holes. The etched air holes generate the large birefringence for the waveguide. The effective refractive index of the non-etched waveguide is isotropic. The structure can be regarded as a stack of alternating birefringent waveplates and isotropic material similar to the folded Šolc filter. The band structure of the stack of birefringent waveplates with isotropic background is calculated to confirm the fact that high reflection peaks in the reflection spectra of the waveguide result from the photonic bandgap. The polarization extinction ratio for the reflected light is 15.8 dB. The highest reflectivity of the device is 93.1%, and the device length is 9.21 μm. An ultra-wide operation bandwidth from 1450.3 to 1621.8 nm can be achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1919 KiB  
Article
On-Chip Optical Adder and Differential-Equation-Solver Based on Fourier Optics and Metasurface
by Yutai Chen, Huan Chen, Hansi Ma, Zhaojian Zhang, Wanlin Xie, Xin Li, Jian Chen and Junbo Yang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3438; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193438 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
Analog optical computing (AOC) has attracted great attention over the past few years, because of its ultra-high speed (potential for real-time processing), ultra-low power consumption, and parallel processing capabilities. In this article, we design an adder and an ordinary differential equation solver (ODE) [...] Read more.
Analog optical computing (AOC) has attracted great attention over the past few years, because of its ultra-high speed (potential for real-time processing), ultra-low power consumption, and parallel processing capabilities. In this article, we design an adder and an ordinary differential equation solver (ODE) on chip by Fourier optics and metasurface techniques. The device uses the 4f system consisting of two metalenses on both sides and one middle metasurface (MMS) as the basic structure. The MMS that performs the computing is the core of the device and can be designed for different applications, i.e., the adder and ODE solver in this article. For the adder, through the comparison of the two input and output signals, the effect of the addition can be clearly displayed. For the ODE solver, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, a representative optical signal is well integrated into the desired output distribution. The simulation result fits well with the theoretical expectation, and the similarity coefficient is 98.28%. This solution has the potential to realize more complex and high-speed artificial intelligence computing. Meanwhile, based on the direct-binary-search (DBS) algorithm, we design a signal generator that can achieve power splitting with the phase difference of π between the two output waveguides. The signal generator with the insertion loss of −1.43 dB has an ultra-compact footprint of 3.6 μm× 3.6 μm. It can generate a kind of input signal for experimental verification to replace the hundreds of micrometers of signal generator composed of a multi-mode interference (MMI) combination used in the verification of this type of device in the past. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 1780 KiB  
Article
Design of Waveguide Polarization Convertor Based on Asymmetric 1D Photonic Crystals
by Fu-Li Hsiao, Chia-Ying Ni, Ying-Pin Tsai, Ting-Wei Chiang, Yen-Tung Yang, Cheng-Jui Fan, Hsuan-Ming Chang, Chien-Chung Chen, Hsin-Feng Lee, Bor-Shyh Lin, Kai-Chun Chan and Chii-Chang Chen
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2454; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142454 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1914
Abstract
Photonic crystals possess metastructures with a unique dispersion relation. An integrated optical circuit plays a crucial role in quantum computing, for which miniaturized optical components can be designed according to the characteristics of photonic crystals. Because the stable light transmission mode for a [...] Read more.
Photonic crystals possess metastructures with a unique dispersion relation. An integrated optical circuit plays a crucial role in quantum computing, for which miniaturized optical components can be designed according to the characteristics of photonic crystals. Because the stable light transmission mode for a square waveguide is transverse electric or transverse magnetic polarization, we designed a half-waveplate element with a photonic crystal that can rotate the polarization direction of the light incident on a waveguide by 90°. Using the dispersion relation of photonic crystals, the polarization rotation length and the optical axis’s angle of deviation from the electric field in the eigenmode can be effectively calculated. Polarization rotators designed on the basis of photonic crystal structures can effectively reduce the insertion loss of components and exhibit favorable polarization rotation performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2761 KiB  
Article
Optical Bistability in a Tunable Gourd-Shaped Silicon Ring Resonator
by Yishu Chen, Jijun Feng, Jian Chen, Haipeng Liu, Shuo Yuan, Song Guo, Qinghua Yu and Heping Zeng
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2447; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142447 - 17 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1509
Abstract
In this study, a tunable gourd-shaped ring resonator is demonstrated to generate optical bistability. The system consists of two sub-rings for a gourd shape configuration with a U-shaped wave guiding pathway. The transfer matrix method and FDTD simulation are used to acquire the [...] Read more.
In this study, a tunable gourd-shaped ring resonator is demonstrated to generate optical bistability. The system consists of two sub-rings for a gourd shape configuration with a U-shaped wave guiding pathway. The transfer matrix method and FDTD simulation are used to acquire the spectral characteristics of the system. For the fabricated device, the spectra profile and extinction ratio can be effectively tuned by the microheater above the U-shaped waveguide, which matches with the theoretical results. Due to the gourd structure of the resonator, the light waves in two rings can be cross-coupled with each other, and the optical bistability could come out effectively with the change in the input optical power around 6 mW. The presented optical bistability devices have great application potential in optical information processing such as optical storage, switch and logic operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 8513 KiB  
Article
Silicon-Based Metastructure Optical Scattering Multiply–Accumulate Computation Chip
by Xu Liu, Xudong Zhu, Chunqing Wang, Yifan Cao, Baihang Wang, Hanwen Ou, Yizheng Wu, Qixun Mei, Jialong Zhang, Zhe Cong and Rentao Liu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2136; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132136 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1749
Abstract
Optical neural networks (ONN) have become the most promising solution to replacing electronic neural networks, which have the advantages of large bandwidth, low energy consumption, strong parallel processing ability, and super high speed. Silicon-based micro-nano integrated photonic platforms have demonstrated good compatibility with [...] Read more.
Optical neural networks (ONN) have become the most promising solution to replacing electronic neural networks, which have the advantages of large bandwidth, low energy consumption, strong parallel processing ability, and super high speed. Silicon-based micro-nano integrated photonic platforms have demonstrated good compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing. Therefore, without completely changing the existing silicon-based fabrication technology, optoelectronic hybrid devices or all-optical devices of better performance can be achieved on such platforms. To meet the requirements of smaller size and higher integration for silicon photonic computing, the topology of a four-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexer (CWDM) and an optical scattering unit (OSU) are inversely designed and optimized by Lumerical software. Due to the random optical power splitting ratio and incoherency, the intensities of different input signals from CWDM can be weighted and summed directly by the subsequent OSU to accomplish arbitrary multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations, therefore supplying the core foundation for scattering ONN architecture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2751 KiB  
Article
Circular Optical Phased Arrays with Radial Nano-Antennas
by Qiankun Liu, Daniel Benedikovic, Tom Smy, Ahmad Atieh, Pavel Cheben and Winnie N. Ye
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(11), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111938 - 06 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2597
Abstract
On-chip optical phased arrays (OPAs) are the enabling technology for diverse applications, ranging from optical interconnects to metrology and light detection and ranging (LIDAR). To meet the required performance demands, OPAs need to achieve a narrow beam width and wide-angle steering, along with [...] Read more.
On-chip optical phased arrays (OPAs) are the enabling technology for diverse applications, ranging from optical interconnects to metrology and light detection and ranging (LIDAR). To meet the required performance demands, OPAs need to achieve a narrow beam width and wide-angle steering, along with efficient sidelobe suppression. A typical OPA configuration consists of either one-dimensional (1D) linear or two-dimensional (2D) rectangular arrays. However, the presence of grating sidelobes from these array configurations in the far-field pattern limits the aliasing-free beam steering, when the antenna element spacing is larger than half of a wavelength. In this work, we provide numerical analysis for 2D circular OPAs with radially arranged nano-antennas. The circular array geometry is shown to effectively suppress the grating lobes, expand the range for beam steering and obtain narrower beamwidths, while increasing element spacing to about 10 μm. To allow for high coupling efficiency, we propose the use of a central circular grating coupler to feed the designed circular OPA. Leveraging radially positioned nano-antennas and an efficient central grating coupler, our design can yield an aliasing-free azimuthal field of view (FOV) of 360°, while the elevation angle FOV is limited by the far-field beamwidth of the nano-antenna element and its array arrangement. With a main-to-sidelobe contrast ratio of 10 dB, a 110-element OPA offers an elevation FOV of 5° and an angular beamwidth of 1.14°, while an 870-element array provides an elevation FOV up to 20° with an angular beamwidth of 0.35°. Our analysis suggests that the performance of the circular OPAs can be further improved by integrating more elements, achieving larger aliasing-free FOV and narrower beamwidths. Our proposed design paves a new way for the development of on-chip OPAs with large 2D beam steering and high resolutions in communications and LIDAR systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 4217 KiB  
Article
Plasmonic-Induced Transparencies in an Integrated Metaphotonic System
by Fernando López-Rayón, Maximino L. Arroyo Carrasco, René I. Rodríguez-Beltrán, Rafael Salas-Montiel and Ricardo Téllez-Limón
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101701 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
In this contribution, we numerically demonstrate the generation of plasmonic transparency windows in the transmission spectrum of an integrated metaphotonic device. The hybrid photonic–plasmonic structure consists of two rectangular-shaped gold nanoparticles fully embedded in the core of a multimode dielectric optical waveguide, with [...] Read more.
In this contribution, we numerically demonstrate the generation of plasmonic transparency windows in the transmission spectrum of an integrated metaphotonic device. The hybrid photonic–plasmonic structure consists of two rectangular-shaped gold nanoparticles fully embedded in the core of a multimode dielectric optical waveguide, with their major axis aligned to the electric field lines of transverse electric guided modes. We show that these transparencies arise from different phenomena depending on the symmetry of the guided modes. For the TE0 mode, the quadrupolar and dipolar plasmonic resonances of the nanoparticles are weakly coupled, and the transparency window is due to the plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency. For the TE1 mode, the quadrupolar and dipolar resonances of the nanoparticles are strongly coupled, and the transparency is originated from the classical analogue of the Autler–Townes effect. This analysis contributes to the understanding of plasmonic transparency windows, opening new perspectives in the design of on-chip devices for optical communications, sensing, and signal filtering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 4384 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Self-Collimation Effect in Photonic Crystal Membranes Using Hyperbolic Metamaterials
by Yaoxian Zheng, Qiong Wang, Mi Lin and Zhengbiao Ouyang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(3), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030555 - 06 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) exhibit high tunability in photonic devices. This study numerically investigates light propagation in photonic crystal (PhC) membranes containing HMMs. The proposed HMM PhC membranes contain square HMM rods, which comprise dielectric (Si) and metallic (Ag) layers. Owing to their property [...] Read more.
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) exhibit high tunability in photonic devices. This study numerically investigates light propagation in photonic crystal (PhC) membranes containing HMMs. The proposed HMM PhC membranes contain square HMM rods, which comprise dielectric (Si) and metallic (Ag) layers. Owing to their property of subwavelength field localization, HMMs can be applied to PhCs to improve tunability and thus enhance the self-collimation (SC) effect of PhCs. The SC points were obtained in the second HMM PhC band, wherein the nearby dispersion curves change significantly. In addition, the effect of the HMM filling factor (i.e., the ratio of the metal-layer to unit-cell thicknesses) on the SC point frequency is studied. Finally, we demonstrate the efficient control of beam behaviors using HMM PhC membranes while considering the nonlinearity of Ag. The findings of this study confirm that high-performance HMM PhC membranes can be employed in nonlinear all-optical switches, filters, tunable lenses, and other integrated optical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 3774 KiB  
Article
Metalens Eyepiece for 3D Holographic Near-Eye Display
by Chang Wang, Zeqing Yu, Qiangbo Zhang, Yan Sun, Chenning Tao, Fei Wu and Zhenrong Zheng
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1920; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081920 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4257
Abstract
Near-eye display (NED) systems for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have been rapidly developing; however, the widespread use of VR/AR devices is hindered by the bulky refractive and diffractive elements in the complicated optical system as well as the visual discomfort [...] Read more.
Near-eye display (NED) systems for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have been rapidly developing; however, the widespread use of VR/AR devices is hindered by the bulky refractive and diffractive elements in the complicated optical system as well as the visual discomfort caused by excessive binocular parallax and accommodation-convergence conflict. To address these problems, an NED system combining a 5 mm diameter metalens eyepiece and a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated holography (CGH) based on Fresnel diffraction is proposed in this paper. Metalenses have been extensively studied for their extraordinary capabilities at wavefront shaping at a subwavelength scale, their ultrathin compactness, and their significant advantages over conventional lenses. Thus, the introduction of the metalens eyepiece is likely to reduce the issue of bulkiness in NED systems. Furthermore, CGH has typically been regarded as the optimum solution for 3D displays to overcome limitations of binocular systems, since it can restore the whole light field of the target 3D scene. Experiments are carried out for this design, where a 5 mm diameter metalens eyepiece composed of silicon nitride anisotropic nanofins is fabricated with diffraction efficiency and field of view for a 532 nm incidence of 15.7% and 31°, respectively. Furthermore, a novel partitioned Fresnel diffraction and resample method is applied to simulate the wave propagations needed to produce the hologram, with the metalens capable of transforming the reconstructed 3D image into a virtual image for the NED. Our work combining metalens and CGH may pave the way for portable optical display devices in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 4635 KiB  
Article
Symmetric Graphene Dielectric Nanowaveguides as Ultra-Compact Photonic Structures
by Da Teng, Yuncheng Wang, Tianzi Xu, Huayu Wang, Qinqin Shao and Yanan Tang
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051281 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2183
Abstract
A symmetric graphene plasmon waveguide (SGPWG) is proposed here to achieve excellent subwavelength waveguiding performance of mid-infrared waves. The modal properties of the fundamental graphene plasmon mode are investigated by use of the finite element method. Due to the naturally rounded tips, the [...] Read more.
A symmetric graphene plasmon waveguide (SGPWG) is proposed here to achieve excellent subwavelength waveguiding performance of mid-infrared waves. The modal properties of the fundamental graphene plasmon mode are investigated by use of the finite element method. Due to the naturally rounded tips, the plasmon mode in SGPWG could achieve a normalized mode field area of ~10−5 (or less) and a figure of merit over 400 by tuning the key geometric structure parameters and the chemical potential of graphene. In addition, results show that the modal performance of SGPWG seems to improve over its circular counterparts. Besides the modal properties, crosstalk analysis indicates that the proposed waveguide exhibits extremely low crosstalk, even at a separation distance of 64 nm. Due to these excellent characteristics, the proposed waveguide has promising applications in ultra-compact integrated photonic components and other intriguing nanoscale devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 6099 KiB  
Review
Study on Localized Surface Plasmon Coupling with Many Radiators
by Zhizhong Chen, Chuhan Deng, Xin Xi, Yifan Chen, Yulong Feng, Shuang Jiang, Weihua Chen, Xiangning Kang, Qi Wang, Guoyi Zhang and Bo Shen
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 3105; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113105 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2069
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon (LSP) coupling with many radiators are investigated. The LSP is generated by excitation of laser or electron beam on the random Ag nano particles (NPs) and arrayed ones embedded in the p-GaN of green LEDs. They couple with the excitons [...] Read more.
Localized surface plasmon (LSP) coupling with many radiators are investigated. The LSP is generated by excitation of laser or electron beam on the random Ag nano particles (NPs) and arrayed ones embedded in the p-GaN of green LEDs. They couple with the excitons or radiative recombination in the quantum well (QW) and electron beam, which enhance or suppress the luminescence of the radiators. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of periodic Ag NPs can get as much as 4.5 times higher than that of bare LED. In addition to the periodic structure, the morphology of Ag NPs also affects the localized SP (LSP) resonance intensity and light scattering efficiency. In the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation, five x-polarized dipoles are approximated to five quantum wells. Considering the interaction between the five dipoles and their feedback effect on LSP, the enhancement effect of SP dipole coupling with Ag NPs is amplified and the energy dissipation is reduced. The enhancement of cathodoluminescence (CL) was also found in green LEDs with Ag NPs. The three-body model composed of two orthogonal dipoles and an Ag NP is used for 3D FDTD simulation. The LSP-QWs coupling effect is separated from the electron beam (e-beam)-LSP-QW system by linear approximation. Under the excitation of electron beam, the introduction of z-dipole greatly reduces the energy dissipation. In the cross-sectional sample, z-polarized dipoles in QWs show more coupling strength to the dipole and quadrupole modes of LSP. The perturbation theory is used to separate the LSP coupling effects to x-dipole and z-dipole. At last, the resonator and the antenna effects are discussed for LSP coupling at different positions to the Ag NP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanophotonics and Integrated Optics Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-15
Back to TopTop