Iron Silicide Minerals

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 11506

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Philosophy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
Interests: meteorite impact cratering; meteorite mineralogy; shock metamorphism; impact rocks/impactites; geology and geophysics of impact structures; meteorite impact archeology

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Department of Mechanics, Materials and Machine Parts, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
Interests: microstructure; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); material properties; material engineering

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Guest Editor
Mineral Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
Interests: mineralogy; petrology; mantle xenoliths; meteorites; basalts; melts modeling
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The theme of this Special Issue of Minerals, “Iron Silicide Minerals”, explicitly focuses on its occurrence in nature. In industry, the best known is iron monosilicide FeSi, which is used, among other things, for the production of various alloys.

Iron silicides in nature are very rare, little known, and have only become accessible to science in the last few decades. At the same time, much (origin, formation) is still unclear.

Minerals xifengite, Fe5Si3, and gupeiite, Fe3Si, components of the Yanshan meteorite at the type-locality Chengde, Lever in China, which was published in 1984, got their names from Xifengkou and Gubeikou at passages of the Great Wall of China. Somewhat earlier, in 1960, the natural equivalent of industrial FeSi, naquite, was discovered, but the industrial aspect of their origin remained essential for a long time. Other rare iron silicide minerals include the FeSi2 (linzhite), luobusaite (Fe0.84Si2), and nickel- and titanium-bearing iron silicide minerals suessite (Fe,Ni)3Si and zangboite (TiFeSi2). A special role has been given to the mineral hapkeite Fe2Si, which, based on a 1973 prediction by Prof. Bruce Hapke, was first detected on Earth in 2004 in the lunar meteorite Dhofar 280 and officially recognized as a mineral in the same year.

The reason for the rare occurrence of iron silicide minerals on Earth is the formation conditions, which require extreme temperatures and an extremely reducing environment, which is hardly ever present in terrestrial processes. Accordingly, iron silicides have been detected in some fulgurites, including most recently (2020) in a Michigan fulgurite. Eutectic intergrowth texture of two iron silicides revealed naquite and linzhiite or naquite and xifengite. Iron silicide particles found in Southern Urals, Russia, up to 1 m deep in Pleistocene sediments, were studied as a possible new class of meteorites, but in the end, a terrestrial formation from a completely unknown process was favored. Iron silicides, as a new class of meteorites, have also been considered for a while now.

Let us return to the cosmic connections. Recently, hapkeite (1–2 μm) was found in a meteorite from Koshava, Bulgaria and discovered in the meteorite DAG 1066; it also occurs in a grain from the FRO 90228 ureilite. Fe2Si reported for magnetic spherules in Hungary could be related to cosmic dust or a meteorite impact. Hapkeite was found also in a 7 μm Supernova graphite (OR1d3m-18) from the Orgueil meteorite. A few years ago, naquite, suessite, and xifengite were identified in the Khatyrka CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. An interesting discussion was also triggered on the origin and formation of various iron silicide phases in the aerogel of the Stardust mission. For this Special Issue, we invite recent advances in the investigation of natural iron silicides and their relations to mineralogy. Studies on industrial iron silicides will only be considered if there are direct and informative links to natural minerals.

Insights into the following topics are especially welcome:

  • Physical and optical properties
  • Terrestrial iron silicides
  • Iron silicide in meteorites
  • Cosmic relations
  • Formation processes
  • Geological environments
  • Shock metamorphism in iron silicide
  • Unnamed iron silicides
  • Deep Earth mantle iron silicides
  • Earth planets and iron silicides

Prof. Dr. Kord Ernstson
Dr. Pavel Svanda
Dr. Ioannis Baziotis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • xifengite
  • gupeiite
  • hapkeite
  • suessite
  • linzhite
  • naquite
  • ureilites
  • cosmic dust
  • shock metamorphism
  • meteorites
  • lunar iron silicides

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

49 pages, 2930 KiB  
Review
Natural Iron Silicides: A Systematic Review
by Michael A. Rappenglück
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020188 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5969
Abstract
This review systematically presents all finds of geogenic, impact-induced, and extraterrestrial iron silicide minerals known at the end of 2021. The respective morphological characteristics, composition, proven or reasonably suspected genesis, and possible correlations of different geneses are listed and supported by the available [...] Read more.
This review systematically presents all finds of geogenic, impact-induced, and extraterrestrial iron silicide minerals known at the end of 2021. The respective morphological characteristics, composition, proven or reasonably suspected genesis, and possible correlations of different geneses are listed and supported by the available literature (2021). Artificially produced iron silicides are only dealt with insofar as the question of differentiation from natural minerals is concerned, especially regarding dating to pre-industrial and pretechnogenic times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Silicide Minerals)
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12 pages, 1966 KiB  
Review
Iron Silicides in Fulgurites
by Tian Feng, Joshua Abbatiello, Arthur Omran, Christopher Mehta and Matthew A. Pasek
Minerals 2021, 11(12), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121394 - 9 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3856
Abstract
Iron silicide minerals (Fe-Si group) are found in terrestrial and solar system samples. These minerals tend to be more common in extraterrestrial rocks such as meteorites, and their existence in terrestrial rocks is limited due to a requirement of extremely reducing conditions to [...] Read more.
Iron silicide minerals (Fe-Si group) are found in terrestrial and solar system samples. These minerals tend to be more common in extraterrestrial rocks such as meteorites, and their existence in terrestrial rocks is limited due to a requirement of extremely reducing conditions to promote their formation. Such extremely reducing conditions can be found in fulgurites, which are glasses formed as cloud-to-ground lightning heats and fuses sand, soil, or rock. The objective of this paper is to review reports of iron silicides in fulgurites, note any similarities between separate fulgurite observations, and to explain the core connection between geological environments wherein these minerals are found. In addition, we also compare iron silicides in fulgurites to those in extraterrestrial samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Silicide Minerals)
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