Critical Minerals and Associated Elements in Mine Effluent and Treatment Residuals: Management Strategies and Technologies for Resource Recovery

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2025 | Viewed by 1451

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
Interests: resource estimates and characterization of mineral and energy resources; beneficial reuse of industrial and treatment wastes; sustainable resource recovery and production, including critical mineral recovery from mine drainage and associated solids

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Guest Editor
Cravotta Geochemical Consulting, Bethel, PA 19507, USA
Interests: integrating field, laboratory, and computer modeling methods to understand factors affecting water quality, especially those in highly disturbed or engineered environments; mine-impacted watersheds and water treatment systems for remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD)

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Guest Editor
National Energy Technology Laboratory, NETL Support Contractor, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
Interests: mitigating environmental impacts and improving environmental sustainability associated with energy production; beneficial utilizations of coal combustion residuals (CCRs); mine land reclamation; sustainable critical minerals recovery; sorbent synthesis; flue gas carbon dioxide sequestration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

“Critical minerals” (CMs), including rare earth elements (REEs) and various trace elements (e.g., Li, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn), are components for renewable energy sources and energy storage and, thus, are essential for the transition to a low-carbon economy. The vulnerability of supplies, environmental concerns, and permitting challenges associated with traditional CM sources have generated interest in recovery from unconventional resources. This Special Issue calls for research on understanding the geochemical transformations and engineering techniques related to the enrichment and behaviors of CMs from one type of unconventional resource, mine waste streams (e.g., coal or metal mines) and treatment precipitates (e.g., passive or active treatment systems). Such information is needed for resource estimates and sustainable CMs recovery from mine waste feedstocks.

We welcome submissions to this Special Issue that incorporate one or more of the following: (1) field and/or laboratory studies of CMs behavior and hydrobiogeochemical interactions in mine drainage in treatment systems; (2) advanced characterization to improve CMs quantification and that leads to improved understanding of metal mineral binding mechanisms; (3) geochemical modeling of equilibrium and kinetics of CMs, concentrating on mechanisms such as sorption and co-precipitation; and (4) novel mine drainage treatment strategies that improve CMs enrichment, separation, and extraction processes while reducing environmental impacts and treatment costs. Open discussions on resource management, social–economic evaluation, as well as sustainability and carbon accounting are also encouraged.

Dr. Mengling Stuckman
Dr. Charles A. Cravotta
Dr. Chin-Min Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • mine drainage
  • tailing leachate
  • environmentally responsible
  • (bio)geochemical interactions and models
  • rare earth elements
  • lithium
  • transition metals
  • socio-economic assessment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1719 KiB  
Article
Baseline Cost Analysis of Energy Wastewater Treatment with Preliminary Feasibility Analysis of Critical Mineral Recovery
by Chad Able, Thomas Schmitt, Nicholas Siefert and Alison Fritz
Minerals 2025, 15(3), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15030213 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 651
Abstract
Critical mineral recovery from wastewater is an enhancement of conventional mining that can help meet growing demand. This work investigates two energy wastewaters that have previously been shown to be enriched in critical minerals, oil and gas produced water in the Permian Basin [...] Read more.
Critical mineral recovery from wastewater is an enhancement of conventional mining that can help meet growing demand. This work investigates two energy wastewaters that have previously been shown to be enriched in critical minerals, oil and gas produced water in the Permian Basin and combustion residual leachate. Treatment of these two wastewaters using reverse osmosis or thermal-based methods concentrates critical minerals, which improves the economic viability of critical mineral recovery. Revenue from mineral recovery could also offset treatment costs for operators. This work evaluates the cost of treatment for each wastewater and evaluates the potential revenue from critical minerals concentrated in the brine. The levelized cost of water for combustion residual leachate ranges from USD 1.90 to USD 16.20 (USD 2023/m3 permeate) and for produced water ranges from USD 14.40 to USD 24.30 (USD 2023/m3 distillate). Recovery opportunities range from USD 0.11 to USD 1.13 (USD 2023/m3 permeate) for leachate and from USD 8.28 to USD 42.10 (USD 2023/m3 distillate) for produced water, dominated by the value of magnesium and lithium. Comparing the maximum value of critical minerals contained in produced water and the maximum treatment costs, the value of critical minerals exceeds the cost of treatment by USD 17.80/m3 distillate, which signals a potential revenue opportunity. Full article
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