Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sediments

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1846

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
ICArEHB—Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, Gambelas Campus, Algarve University, FCHS D12, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Interests: environmental geochemistry; metal speciation; pollutant transfer; sediment mineralogy

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Guest Editor
IMT Atlantique—Institut Mines Télécom, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, 44300 Nantes, France
Interests: environmental geochemistry; organic geochemistry; actinides solubility and characterization; SPM characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The environment around us is shaped by surface water through diverse processes. One of the resulting by-products, i.e., sediments, encapsulates information spanning recent and ancient pasts. Certainly, our understanding of climate shifts, human behavior, and ecosystem evolution is significantly enriched by signatures held within sedimentary archives. We can extract information that helps us to understand the environment around us, whether on land or in water bodies, as well as explain lithogenic and anthropogenic processes, some of which we utilize to overcome difficulties, address challenges, and move towards a sustainable environment. The evolution of landscapes, industrialization, urbanization, and other anthropogenic activities can be marked through chemical, mineral, and organic fingerprints in sediments. These kinds of signatures can be revealed by looking into sediment mineralogy and geochemistry (inorganic and organic) using various tools. The main aim of this Special Issue, “Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sediments”, is to further our understanding of the natural and anthropogenic processes that occur in sediments at various scales, from a bulk, micron-scale, and nanoscale to an atomic scale. For this reason, we encourage the submission of original papers related to field studies, laboratory experiments (e.g., fate of metals and emerging organic contaminants), sediment characterization (with a focus on mineralogy and inorganic and organic geochemistry), metal speciation, contaminant and pollutant behavior, the distribution and weathering of minerals, and the dynamics of natural and anthropogenic materials and elements in sediments, suspended matter, and other water deposits.

Dr. Hussein Kanbar
Dr. Mathieu Le Meur
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • sediment inorganic and organic geochemistry
  • geochemical signatures and fingerprints
  • contamination and pollution behavior
  • sediment mineralogy and weathering
  • emerging organic contaminants
  • natural and anthropogenic processes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 9234 KiB  
Article
The Rise of Proterozoic Diagenetic Spheroids Formed by Chemically Oscillating Reactions and Stimulated by Environmental Redox Changes
by Princess Aira Buma-at and Dominic Papineau
Minerals 2024, 14(10), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14100962 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Diagenetic spheroids are rounded mineralised structures in sedimentary rocks that span several orders of size dimensions. These objects include rosettes spanning tens of micrometres; millimetre-sized granules; and centimetre- to metre-scale botryoids, nodules, and concretions. Connections between diagenetic spheroids and chemically oscillating reactions (COR) [...] Read more.
Diagenetic spheroids are rounded mineralised structures in sedimentary rocks that span several orders of size dimensions. These objects include rosettes spanning tens of micrometres; millimetre-sized granules; and centimetre- to metre-scale botryoids, nodules, and concretions. Connections between diagenetic spheroids and chemically oscillating reactions (COR) have been established based on chemical and pattern similarities. Nevertheless, it is unknown if there are variations in their occurrences throughout geological time, especially during periods of global environmental change. This is because COR are pattern-forming reactions where carboxylic acids are decarboxylated by strong oxidants like sulphuric acid, bromate, or iodate. The hypothesis is that there should be a greater number of diagenetic spheroids at periods of increased atmospheric and oceanic oxygenation levels. Hence, this work presents the first compilation of occurrences of diagenetic spheroids between 0.541 and 1.8 billion years ago (Ga). The compiled patterned objects are those with concentric laminations and radially aligned crystals, which are patterns akin to equidistant circularly concentric waves that radially diffuse in COR. Another characteristic of diagenetic spheroids, similar to that found in botryoidal minerals, is the destructive interference that forms circular twins; this is identical to the COR pattern formed when circular waves meet. The timeline of Proterozoic diagenetic spheroids produced in this work reveals a significant increase in occurrences across the Ediacaran, which is attributed to an increased environmental oxidation state. During this interval, seawater is known to have become richer in sulphate and iodate, which create ideal conditions for the abiotic and diagenetic oxidation of biomass. Therefore, increased occurrences of diagenetic spheroids in the Neoproterozoic possibly represent sedimentological evidence for abiotic decarboxylation reactions and widespread COR in productive environments. The distribution of diagenetic spheroids observed during the Proterozoic may also be more broadly applicable to other epochs of Earth’s history. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sediments)
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