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Metals
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Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue
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Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 20313

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Young-Sik Pyun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun Moon University, Asan 336708, Republic of Korea
Interests: wear; friction; fatigue; rolling contact fatigue strength; surface engineering/technology; surface modification; UNSM (ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification); SCC (stress corrosion cracking) ASME Code Case for Nuclear Power Engineering; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Do-Sik Shim

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Eng., Korea Maritime and Ocean University (College of Engineering II, Room 505) 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
Interests: additive manufacturing; surface engineering; laser remelting; finite element (FE) simulations; mechanical and metallurgical characterization; heat treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The wear and fatigue performance of components in a system determine the service life and reliability of the system. Surface modification of the components is an innovative approach to improve the wear and fatigue performance. The change of wear and fatigue mechanism and performance by surface modification is very interesting and beneficial for academy and industry. This Special Issue on Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue could help engineers and scientists to share their recent research and development and to find new ideas for future challenges. Friction and rolling contact fatigue/wear are also within the scope of this Issue. Articles investigating the phenomena associated with the surface modification of additively manufactured components are especially welcome.

Prof. Young-Sik Pyun
Prof. Do-Sik Shim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Wear
  • Fatigue
  • Surface engineering/technology
  • Surface modification
  • Materials processing/engineering
  • Additive manufacturing
  • Coating

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 14643 KiB  
Article
A Study on Friction Stir Processing Parameters of Recycled AA 6063/TiO2 Surface Composites for Better Tribological Performance
by Guo Sheng Teo, Kia Wai Liew and Chee Kuang Kok
Metals 2022, 12(6), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060973 - 6 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
This work aims to determine and select the suitable friction stir processing parameters for recycled aluminum alloy 6063 surface composites reinforced with titanium dioxide for better tribological performance. A medium range of processing parameters (1200–2000 rpm, 25–45 mm/min) were used to compare with [...] Read more.
This work aims to determine and select the suitable friction stir processing parameters for recycled aluminum alloy 6063 surface composites reinforced with titanium dioxide for better tribological performance. A medium range of processing parameters (1200–2000 rpm, 25–45 mm/min) were used to compare with a unique relatively high rotational speed of 2442 rpm and feed rate of 50 mm/min for the sample fabrication. The surface composites’ microhardness was measured and the friction and wear performance were tested using the pin-on-disc tribo-tester under starved lubrication conditions. The results show that surface composites produced at a high rotational speed of 2442 rpm and feed rate of 50 mm/min improved 45% in surface microhardness and reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate by 39% and 73%, respectively, compared to the substrate material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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19 pages, 12820 KiB  
Article
VHCF, Tribology Characteristics and UNSM Effects of Bainite and Martensite Spring Steels
by Min Soo Suh, Seung Hoon Nahm, Chang Min Suh and Young Sik Pyun
Metals 2022, 12(6), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060901 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
It has been reported that the duplex bainite microstructure obtained by austempering (AT) shows higher strength, ductility and impact toughness than quench and tempered (QT) martensite structure in SAE9254 spring steel. However, there seems to be no research on the very high cycle [...] Read more.
It has been reported that the duplex bainite microstructure obtained by austempering (AT) shows higher strength, ductility and impact toughness than quench and tempered (QT) martensite structure in SAE9254 spring steel. However, there seems to be no research on the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) and tribology characteristics of bainite structure for durability design of next generation spring steel from the perspective of engineering and industrial applications. This is a follow-up study that quantitatively analyzed the mechanical properties, microstructural deformation characteristics, and impact toughness of bainite and martensite using EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analyses. In this study, VHCF, HCF, tribology characteristics and UNSM (ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification) effects under duplex bainite and single martensite microstructures were quantitatively studied and analyzed by fracture mechanics from the engineering and industrial point of view to improve durability and weight reduction in spring steels. The bainite AT and martensite QT specimens showed a 56% and 33% increase in fatigue limit for as received AR specimens. Fisheye cracks in duplex bainite AT specimens are similar to ‘facet internal cracks’ that initiated in the absence of inclusions. Generally fisheye crack fracture mode is preferred in VHCF, but fisheye crack was not found in the QT and the AR specimens at all. The UNSM-treated specimens showed fatigue limits that were about 33~50% higher than the untreated specimens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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14 pages, 2872 KiB  
Article
Research on Normal Contact Stiffness of Rough Joint Surfaces Machined by Turning and Grinding
by Yue Liu, Qi An, Deyong Shang, Long Bai, Min Huang and Shouqing Huang
Metals 2022, 12(4), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040669 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3374
Abstract
In order to accurately obtain the contact stiffness of rough joint surfaces machined by turning and grinding, a research simulation is carried out by using the finite element method. Based on the surface modeling method under the combined machining mode, the three-dimensional (3D) [...] Read more.
In order to accurately obtain the contact stiffness of rough joint surfaces machined by turning and grinding, a research simulation is carried out by using the finite element method. Based on the surface modeling method under the combined machining mode, the three-dimensional (3D) solid model is constructed. Then, the finite element results of the normal contact stiffness were obtained through contact analysis. The comparative analysis was carried out with the analytical results of the KE model and the experimental results. The comparison results show that three results have the same trend of change. However, the maximum relative error of the finite element results is 6.03%, while that of the analytical results for the KE model is 60.07%. After that, the finite element results under different machining parameters are compared. The normal contact stiffness increases with the increase in the turning tool arc radius, grinding depth, and fractal dimension, but decreases with the increase in the turning feed rate and scale coefficient. The rationality of the results is explained by the distribution of the asperities and the contact deformation law of the asperities on the rough surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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15 pages, 50896 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification Treatment at Room and High Temperatures on the High-Frequency Fatigue Behavior of Inconel 718 Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition
by Ruslan M. Karimbaev, In Sik Cho, Young Sik Pyun and Auezhan Amanov
Metals 2022, 12(3), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030515 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
In this work, the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment at room and high temperatures (RT and HT) on the high-frequency fatigue behavior of Inconel 718 alloy fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD) process was experimentally investigated. UNSM treatment at RT [...] Read more.
In this work, the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment at room and high temperatures (RT and HT) on the high-frequency fatigue behavior of Inconel 718 alloy fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD) process was experimentally investigated. UNSM treatment at RT and HT modified a surface morphology and produced a nanostructured surface layer with a thickness of approximately 120 and 140 µm, respectively. The surface roughness of the untreated sample was reduced, while the surface hardness was notably increased after the UNSM treatment at RT and HT. Both increased with increasing the UNSM treatment temperature. Fatigue behavior of the untreated samples at various stress levels was slightly improved after the UNSM treatment at RT and HT. This is mainly due to the formation of a fine grained nanostructured surface layer with reduced porosity and highly induced compressive residual stress. Fatigue mechanisms of the samples were comprehensively discussed based on the quantitative SEM fractographic analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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17 pages, 10450 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Friction Stir Processing Parameters of Recycled AA 6063 for Enhanced Surface Microhardness and Tribological Properties
by Guo Sheng Teo, Kia Wai Liew and Chee Kuang Kok
Metals 2022, 12(2), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12020310 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1962
Abstract
This work aims to optimize the friction stir processing parameters of recycled aluminum alloy 6063 for enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. The selected friction stir processing parameters that were used to produce friction stir processed recycled aluminum alloy 6063 are tool rotational speeds [...] Read more.
This work aims to optimize the friction stir processing parameters of recycled aluminum alloy 6063 for enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. The selected friction stir processing parameters that were used to produce friction stir processed recycled aluminum alloy 6063 are tool rotational speeds and feed rates ranging from 1200 rpm to 2000 rpm and 25 mm/min to 45 mm/min, respectively. The surface microhardness of the friction stir processed samples were measured and the friction and wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribo-tester under starved lubrication conditions. The results show that the optimum friction stir process parameters for recycled aluminum alloy 6063 are 1200 rpm and 30 mm/min. Friction stir processed recycled aluminum alloy 6063 produced by these parameters led to enhancement of microhardness and the wear resistance by 25% and 37%, and reduction of friction coefficient and grain size by about 33% and 96%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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12 pages, 6673 KiB  
Article
Effect of Micro-Shot Peening on the Fatigue Performance of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
by Yu-Hsuan Chung, Tai-Cheng Chen, Hung-Bin Lee and Leu-Wen Tsay
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091408 - 6 Sep 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3992
Abstract
The effects of micro-shot peening on the rotating bending fatigue resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) were investigated in this study. The strain-hardening, surface roughness and induced residual stress were inspected and correlated with fatigue strength. Micro-shot peening caused intense strain-hardening, phase [...] Read more.
The effects of micro-shot peening on the rotating bending fatigue resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) were investigated in this study. The strain-hardening, surface roughness and induced residual stress were inspected and correlated with fatigue strength. Micro-shot peening caused intense strain-hardening, phase transformation and residual stress but was also accompanied by a minor increase in surface roughness. A nanograined structure, which was advantageous to fatigue resistance, was observed in the severe shot-peened layer. The absence of microcracks, minor increase in surface roughness, nanograined structure and induced high compressive residual stress in the shot-peened layer were responsible for the improved fatigue strength of AISI 304 SS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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25 pages, 7666 KiB  
Article
Strategy for Surface Post-Processing of AISI 316L Additively Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion Using Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification
by Seung-Young Cho, Min-Seob Kim, Young-Sik Pyun and Do-Sik Shim
Metals 2021, 11(5), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050843 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3284
Abstract
Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology was applied to the surfaces of specimens additively manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF). The changes in roughness and hardness due to the UNSM were set as objective functions, and the optimal conditions for the main parameters [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology was applied to the surfaces of specimens additively manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF). The changes in roughness and hardness due to the UNSM were set as objective functions, and the optimal conditions for the main parameters were derived through the response surface method (RSM) and Box–Behnken design (BBD). Regression analysis-based mathematical models for predicting the surface hardness and roughness are presented and validated. The RSM results show that the surface roughness is highly dependent on the load and ball tip diameter, and the surface roughness significantly improves as the inter-pass interval and ball tip diameter decrease. Through BBD and ANOVA, the optimal conditions for the improvement of surface characteristics were found to be a load of 40 N, inter-pass interval of 10 μm, and ball tip diameter of 2.38 m. The surface treated under these optimal conditions exhibited a hardness of 497 Hv and surface roughness of 1.32 μm, which were significantly improved compared to the values for an untreated specimen. In addition, it was confirmed that the grains are significantly refined after UNSM, and scratch resistance increases for the top layer of the surface directly affected by the UNSM horn. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Metallic Materials for Wear and Fatigue)
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