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Metabolites
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Effects of Diet on Protein and Energy Metabolism in Companion...
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Effects of Diet on Protein and Energy Metabolism in Companion Animals

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 11270

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Anna Kate Shoveller

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: energy and amino acid metabolism in mono-gastric animals (primarily cats, dogs and pigs); nutrition and metabolism
Dr. James R. Templeman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: nutrition and metabolism of ruminant and monogastric animals; companion animals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the role of the environment in improving and maintaining the health and wellbeing of all companion animals is a large and impactful area of research. One of the most frequently explored and focused-on components of the environment is the effects of diet on physiological changes within our companion animals. With adequate and appropriate supply energy, protein, and amino acids being vital to the growth, development, maintenance, and longevity of our dogs and cats, improving our understanding of how diet affects energy and amino acid metabolism is of paramount importance. Moreover, with the emergence of novel ingredients, such as insects, with the potential to improve the sustainability and functionality of dog and cat diets, there is a wealth of prospective research yet to be explored.

Therefore, this Special Issue of Metabolites will be dedicated to showcasing current advances in research investigating how dietary factors (e.g., macronutrient composition, micronutrient supplementation, feeding regimen, ingredient supply, processing/format) may affect the metabolism (ingestion, digestion, assimilation) of energy, protein, and amino acids in companion animals.

Prof. Dr. Anna Kate Shoveller
Dr. James R. Templeman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • protein metabolism
  • animal acid metabolism
  • energy metabolism
  • companion animals
  • canine
  • feline
  • metabolomics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 413 KiB  
Article
Macronutrient Proportions and Fat Type Impact Ketogenicity and Shape the Circulating Lipidome in Dogs
by Matthew Irick Jackson
Metabolites 2022, 12(7), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070591 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4217
Abstract
Many physiological processes including ketogenesis are similar in dogs and humans, but there is little information available on the effect of carbohydrate restriction in dogs. Here, the ketogenicity and serum metabolic profiles of dogs were assessed after they had consumed high carbohydrate (HiCHO); [...] Read more.
Many physiological processes including ketogenesis are similar in dogs and humans, but there is little information available on the effect of carbohydrate restriction in dogs. Here, the ketogenicity and serum metabolic profiles of dogs were assessed after they had consumed high carbohydrate (HiCHO); high protein, low carbohydrate (PROT_LoCHO); or high fat, low carbohydrate (FAT_LoCHO) foods. Thirty-six dogs were fed HiCHO for 4 weeks, then randomized to PROT_LoCHO or FAT_LoCHO for 5 weeks. Dogs then crossed over to the other food for an additional 5 weeks. Generally, reduction of dietary carbohydrate by replacement with either protein or fat increased the energy required to maintain body weight, and fat had a greater effect. Postabsorptive energy availability derived mainly from glucose and triglycerides with HiCHO, from gluconeogenic amino acids and fatty acids with PROT_LoCHO, and from fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate with FAT_LoCHO. This study demonstrated that the reduction of carbohydrate in canine foods is potentially beneficial to dogs based on improvements in metabolism and supports the use of low-carbohydrate foods as safe and effective for healthy adult dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Diet on Protein and Energy Metabolism in Companion Animals)
12 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Protein Concentration and Quality in a Canned Diet on the Fecal Microbiota of Healthy Adult Cats
by Nadine Paßlack, Louisa Verena Thies, Wilfried Vahjen and Jürgen Zentek
Metabolites 2022, 12(2), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020105 - 24 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2756
Abstract
Feline diets can markedly differ in their protein concentration and quality, which might also affect the intestinal microbiota of cats. In the present study, 6 canned diets, differing in their protein quality (high/low, achieved by varying amounts of meat and collagen-rich ingredients) and [...] Read more.
Feline diets can markedly differ in their protein concentration and quality, which might also affect the intestinal microbiota of cats. In the present study, 6 canned diets, differing in their protein quality (high/low, achieved by varying amounts of meat and collagen-rich ingredients) and concentration (high quality/low quality: 36.2/36.7% in dry matter (DM), 43.3/45.0% in DM and 54.9/56.1% in DM), were fed to 10 healthy adult cats for 6 weeks each. At the end of the feeding periods, fecal samples were collected to analyze the microbiota (16S rDNA sequencing) and bacterial metabolites. Increasing dietary protein concentrations increased the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides as well as the concentrations of ammonium and n-valerate in the feces of the cats, independently of the dietary protein quality. A lower dietary protein quality was accompanied by a higher evenness index and a higher relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the feces when compared to the feeding of the high protein quality diets. A promotion of bacterial proteolytic activity and, in particular, increased intestinal ammonium concentrations might be undesired effects of high protein intakes in cats. Whether the long-term feeding of those diets could be critical for feline health requires further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Diet on Protein and Energy Metabolism in Companion Animals)
19 pages, 1730 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein
by Luciana G. Reis, Tressa Morris, Chloe Quilliam, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Matthew E. Loewen and Lynn P. Weber
Metabolites 2021, 11(12), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120878 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3390
Abstract
We have shown that feeding dogs fava bean (FB)-based diets for 7 days is safe and FB flour fermentation with Candida utilis has the potential to decrease FB anti-nutritional factors. In the present study, the effects of 28-day feeding of 4 different FB-based [...] Read more.
We have shown that feeding dogs fava bean (FB)-based diets for 7 days is safe and FB flour fermentation with Candida utilis has the potential to decrease FB anti-nutritional factors. In the present study, the effects of 28-day feeding of 4 different FB-based test dog foods containing moderate protein (~27% dry matter (DM)) were compared with two commercial diets with normal protein (NP, grain-containing, ~31% DM protein) or high protein (HP, grain-free, ~41% DM protein). Health parameters were investigated in beagles fed the NP or HP diets or using a randomized, crossover, 2 × 2 Latin square design of the FB diets: unfermented high-tannin (UF-HT), fermented high-tannin (FM-HT), unfermented low-tannin (UF-LT), and fermented low-tannin (FM-LT). The results showed that fermentation increased glucose tolerance, increased red blood cell numbers and increased systolic blood pressure, but decreased flow-mediated vasodilation. Taken together, the overall effect of fermentation appears to be beneficial and improved FB nutritional value. Most interesting, even though the HP diet was grain-free, the diet did contain added taurine, and no adverse effects on cardiac function were observed, while glucose tolerance was impaired compared to NP-fed dogs. In summary, this study did not find evidence of adverse cardiac effects of pulses in ‘grain-free’ diets, at least not in the relatively resistant beagle breed over a 28-day period. More importantly, fermentation with C. utilis shows promise to enhance health benefits of pulses such as FB in dog food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Diet on Protein and Energy Metabolism in Companion Animals)
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