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Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials
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Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 16183

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Robert Böhm

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany
Interests: composites; lightweight engineering; material models; carbon fibers; resource efficiency
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Textile-reinforced composites offer great advantages for lightweight structures, since their properties can be tailored on different length scales. The variety of design options with regard to their constituents, multiaxial fiber arrangements, and near-net-shape semifinished product configurations is an essential feature of high-performance textiles. Despite being investigated for decades, textile composites are still an extremely interesting research area, spanning from manufacturing technologies via multiscale modeling and experimental testing to multifunctional applications.

This Special Issue will focus on recent progress in the field of tailoring composite properties. Topics can include but are not limited to:

  • Advanced textile manufacturing technologies;
  • Damage-tolerant textile composites;
  • Tailored properties using scale-bridging approaches;
  • Virtual design and digital twins;
  • Multifunctional composite application.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Robert Böhm
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • textile composites
  • tailored properties
  • virtual material design
  • advanced manufacturing

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

45 pages, 40454 KiB  
Article
Determining the Damage and Failure Behaviour of Textile Reinforced Composites under Combined In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loading
by Christian Düreth, Daniel Weck, Robert Böhm, Mike Thieme, Maik Gude, Sebastian Henkel, Carl H. Wolf and Horst Biermann
Materials 2020, 13(21), 4772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214772 - 26 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2756
Abstract
The absence of sufficient knowledge of the heterogeneous damage behaviour of textile reinforced composites, especially under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings, requires the development of multi-scale experimental and numerical methods. In the scope of this paper, three different types of plain weave fabrics [...] Read more.
The absence of sufficient knowledge of the heterogeneous damage behaviour of textile reinforced composites, especially under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings, requires the development of multi-scale experimental and numerical methods. In the scope of this paper, three different types of plain weave fabrics with increasing areal weight were considered to characterise the influence of ondulation and nesting effects on the damage behaviour. Therefore an advanced new biaxial testing method has been elaborated to experimentally determine the fracture resistance at the combined biaxial loads. Methods in image processing of the acquired in-situ CT data and micrographs have been utilised to obtain profound knowledge of the textile geometry and the distribution of the fibre volume content of each type. Combining the derived data of the idealised geometry with a numerical multi-scale approach was sufficient to determine the fracture resistances of predefined uniaxial and biaxial load paths. Thereby, Cuntze’s three-dimensional failure mode concept was incorporated to predict damage and failure. The embedded element method was used to obtain a structured mesh of the complex textile geometries. The usage of statistical and visualisation methods contributed to a profound comprehension of the ondulation and nesting effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials)
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14 pages, 7783 KiB  
Article
Comparative Physical–Mechanical Properties Assessment of Tailored Surface-Treated Carbon Fibres
by Dionisis Semitekolos, Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta, Iryna Husarova, Tamara Man’ko, Aleksandr Potapov, Olga Romenskaya, Yana Liang, Xiaoying Li, Mauro Giorcelli, Hanshan Dong, Alberto Tagliaferro and Costas A. Charitidis
Materials 2020, 13(14), 3136; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143136 - 14 Jul 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2404
Abstract
Carbon Fibres (CFs) are widely used in textile-reinforced composites for the construction of lightweight, durable structures. Since their inert surface does not allow effective bonding with the matrix material, the surface treatment of fibres is suggested to improve the adhesion between the two. [...] Read more.
Carbon Fibres (CFs) are widely used in textile-reinforced composites for the construction of lightweight, durable structures. Since their inert surface does not allow effective bonding with the matrix material, the surface treatment of fibres is suggested to improve the adhesion between the two. In the present study, different surface modifications are compared in terms of the mechanical enhancement that they can offer to the fibres. Two main advanced technologies have been investigated; namely, plasma treatment and electrochemical treatment. Specifically, active screen plasma and low-pressure plasma were compared. Regarding the electrochemical modification, electrochemical oxidation and electropolymerisation of monomer solutions of acrylic and methacrylic acids, acrylonitrile and N-vinyl pyrrolidine were tested for HTA-40 CFs. In order to assess the effects of the surface treatments, the morphology, the physicochemical properties, as well as the mechanical integrity of the fibres were investigated. The CF surface and polymeric matrix interphase adhesion in composites were also analysed. The improvement of the carbon fibre’s physical–mechanical properties was evident for the case of the active screen plasma treatment and the electrochemical oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials)
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34 pages, 16375 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Draping Effects on the Stiffness and Failure Behavior of Unidirectional Non-Crimp Fabric Fiber Reinforced Composites
by Eckart Kunze, Siegfried Galkin, Robert Böhm, Maik Gude and Luise Kärger
Materials 2020, 13(13), 2959; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132959 - 2 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2729
Abstract
Unidirectional non-crimp fabrics (UD-NCF) are often used to exploit the lightweight potential of continuous fiber reinforced plastics (CoFRP). During the draping process, the UD-NCF fabric can undergo large deformations that alter the local fiber orientation, the local fiber volume content (FVC) and create [...] Read more.
Unidirectional non-crimp fabrics (UD-NCF) are often used to exploit the lightweight potential of continuous fiber reinforced plastics (CoFRP). During the draping process, the UD-NCF fabric can undergo large deformations that alter the local fiber orientation, the local fiber volume content (FVC) and create local fiber waviness. Especially the FVC is affected and has a large impact on the mechanical properties. This impact, resulting from different deformation modes during draping, is in general not considered in composite design processes. To analyze the impact of different draping effects on the mechanical properties and the failure behavior of UD-NCF composites, experimental results of reference laminates are compared to the results of laminates with specifically induced draping effects, such as non-constant FVC and fiber waviness. Furthermore, an analytical model to predict the failure strengths of UD laminates with in-plane waviness is introduced. The resulting stiffness and strength values for different FVC or amplitude to wavelength configurations are presented and discussed. In addition, failure envelopes based on the PUCK failure criterion for each draping effect are derived, which show a clear specific impact on the mechanical properties. The findings suggest that each draping effect leads to a “new fabric” type. Additionally, analytical models are introduced and the experimental results are compared to the predictions. Results indicate that the models provide reliable predictions for each draping effect. Recommendations regarding necessary tests to consider each draping effect are presented. As a further prospect the resulting stiffness and strength values for each draping effect can be used for a more accurate prediction of the structural performance of CoFRP parts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials)
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14 pages, 3406 KiB  
Article
Flame-Retardant and Sound-Absorption Properties of Composites Based on Kapok Fiber
by Lihua Lyu, Yuanyuan Tian, Jing Lu, Xiaoqing Xiong and Jing Guo
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122845 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2739
Abstract
In order to improve the utilization rate of kapok fiber, flame-retardant and sound-absorption composites were prepared by the hot pressing method with kapok fiber as the reinforced material, polyε-caprolactone as the matrix material, and magnesium hydroxide as the flame retardant. Then, the effects [...] Read more.
In order to improve the utilization rate of kapok fiber, flame-retardant and sound-absorption composites were prepared by the hot pressing method with kapok fiber as the reinforced material, polyε-caprolactone as the matrix material, and magnesium hydroxide as the flame retardant. Then, the effects of hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time, density of composites, mass fraction of kapok fiber, thickness of composites, and air layer thickness on the sound-absorption properties of composites were analyzed, with the average sound absorption coefficient as the index. Under the optimal process parameters, the maximum sound absorption coefficient reached 0.830, the average sound absorption coefficient was 0.520, and the sound-absorption band was wide. Thus, the composites belonged to high-efficiency sound-absorbing material. The flame-retardant effect of magnesium hydroxide on the composites was investigated, and the limiting oxygen index could reach 31.5%. Finally, multifunctional composites based on kapok fiber with flame retardant properties, and sound-absorption properties were obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials)
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27 pages, 14769 KiB  
Article
Introduction of a Methodology to Enhance the Stabilization Process of PAN Fibers by Modeling and Advanced Characterization
by George Konstantopoulos, Spyros Soulis, Dimitrios Dragatogiannis and Costas Charitidis
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2749; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122749 - 17 Jun 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2785
Abstract
A methodology for designing the oxidative stabilization process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is examined. In its core, this methodology is based on a model that describes the characteristic fiber length variation during thermal processing, through the de-convolution of three main contributors (i.e., entropic [...] Read more.
A methodology for designing the oxidative stabilization process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is examined. In its core, this methodology is based on a model that describes the characteristic fiber length variation during thermal processing, through the de-convolution of three main contributors (i.e., entropic and chemical shrinkage and creep elongation). The model demonstrated an additional advantage of offering further insight into the physical and chemical phenomena taking place during the treatment. Validation of PAN-model prediction performance for different processing parameters was achieved as demonstrated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Τensile testing revealed the effect of processing parameters on fiber quality, while model prediction demonstrated that ladder polymer formation is accelerated at temperatures over 200 °C. Additionally, according the DSC and FTIR measurements predictions from the application of the model during stabilization seem to be more precise at high-temperature stabilization stages. It was shown that mechanical properties could be enhanced preferably by including a treatment step below 200 °C, before the initiation of cyclization reactions. Further confirmation was provided via Raman spectroscopy, which demonstrated that graphitic like planes are formed upon stabilization above 200 °C, and thus multistage stabilization is required to optimize synthesis of carbon fibers. Optical Microscopy proved that isothermal stabilization treatment did not severely alter the cross section geometry of PAN fiber monofilaments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials)
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14 pages, 3239 KiB  
Article
Axial Compression Experiments and Finite Element Analysis of Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Resin Three-Dimensional Tubular Woven Composites
by Liming Zhu, Huawei Zhang, Jing Guo, Ying Wang and Lihua Lyu
Materials 2020, 13(11), 2584; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112584 - 5 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2169
Abstract
In order to avoid the delamination of traditional tubular composite materials and reduce its woven cost, on an ordinary loom, the three-dimensional (3D) tubular woven fabrics were woven with basalt filament tows, and then the 3D tubular woven composites were prepared with epoxy [...] Read more.
In order to avoid the delamination of traditional tubular composite materials and reduce its woven cost, on an ordinary loom, the three-dimensional (3D) tubular woven fabrics were woven with basalt filament tows, and then the 3D tubular woven composites were prepared with epoxy resin by a hand layup process. The wall thickness of the 3D tubular woven composite was thin, and was only 2 mm thick. Through experiments and finite element method (FEM) simulation, the axial compression properties of the material were analyzed. The results show that the material 2 mm thick has good axial compression performance, the maximum load value of the experiment is 10,578 N, and the maximum load value of the finite element simulation is 11,285 N. The error between the two is 6.68%, indicating that the experiment and simulation have a good consistency. The failure mode of the material is also analyzed through finite element method simulation in the paper, thus revealing the failure stress propagation, local stress concentration, and failure morphology of the material. It provides an effective reference for the design and application of the 3D tubular woven composite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tailored Textile-Reinforced Composite Materials)
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