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Machines
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Advanced Protection and Control Strategies for Power Conversion in Electromechanical...
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Advanced Protection and Control Strategies for Power Conversion in Electromechanical Energy Storage Systems

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Electromechanical Energy Conversion Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1920

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jian Qiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
Interests: power system relay protection; constant speed/variable speed pumped storage; compressed air energy storage and other mechanical energy storage protection; control and optimal operation technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luliang Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Interests: power system relay protection; fault location; network reconfiguration and service restoration
Dr. Xin Yin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
Interests: power router; hybrid distribution transformer; fault characteristics and safety and protection strategies of clean energy main equipment (including new type energy storage units) and their associated power grids; online monitoring and fault location methods
Dr. Moduo Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: ship integrated power system protection and control; converters fault ride-through; closed-loop network protection; fault tolerant control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yikai Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
Interests: power system protection and control; new power system security risk prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yayu Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville TN 37996, USA
Interests: power system protection; power system fault analysis; protection and control of DC grids; shipboard power systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid development of renewable energy and the increasing demand for efficient energy management have highlighted the critical role of electromechanical energy storage. These systems, including flywheels, pumped hydro storage, and electromechanical batteries, are essential for stabilizing power grids, enhancing energy efficiency, and supporting the transition to a sustainable energy future. However, their performance, reliability, and safety heavily depend on advanced protection and control technologies. This Special Issue aims to explore cutting-edge research and innovations in the protection and control of power conversion systems integrating electromechanical energy storage. Topics of interest include but are not limited to fault detection and diagnosis, real-time monitoring, advanced control strategies, cybersecurity, and integration with smart grids. We welcome original research articles, reviews, and case studies that address the challenges and opportunities in this field, contributing to the development of robust and intelligent energy systems.

Dr. Jian Qiao
Dr. Luliang Zhang
Dr. Xin Yin
Dr. Moduo Yu
Dr. Yikai Wang
Dr. Yayu Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electromechanical energy storage
  • fault detection and diagnosis
  • advanced control strategies
  • smart grid integration
  • energy conversion systems

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1917 KiB  
Article
Lyapunov-Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of DC–DC Boost Converters Under Parametric Uncertainties
by Hamza Sahraoui, Hacene Mellah, Souhil Mouassa, Francisco Jurado and Taieb Bessaad
Machines 2025, 13(8), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080734 - 18 Aug 2025
Viewed by 267
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-performance power converters for electric vehicle (EV) applications places a significant emphasis on developing effective and robust control strategies for DC-DC converter operation. This paper deals with the development, simulation, and experimental validation of an adaptive Lyapunov-type Nonlinear Sliding [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for high-performance power converters for electric vehicle (EV) applications places a significant emphasis on developing effective and robust control strategies for DC-DC converter operation. This paper deals with the development, simulation, and experimental validation of an adaptive Lyapunov-type Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control (L-SMC) strategy for a DC–DC boost converter, addressing significant uncertainties caused by large variations in system parameters (R and L) and ensuring the tracking of a voltage reference. The proposed control strategy employs the Lyapunov stability theory to build an adaptive law to update the parameters of the sliding surface so the system can achieve global asymptotic stability in the presence of uncertainty in inductance, capacitance, load resistance, and input voltage. The nonlinear sliding manifold is also considered, which contributes to a more robust and faster convergence in the controller. In addition, a logic optimization technique was implemented that minimizes switching (chattering) operations significantly, and as a result of this, increases ease of implementation. The proposed L-SMC is validated through both simulation and experimental tests under various conditions, including abrupt increases in input voltage and load disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate that, whether under nominal parameters (R = 320 Ω, L = 2.7 mH) or with parameter variations, the voltage overshoot in all cases remains below 0.5%, while the steady-state error stays under 0.4 V except during the startup, which is a transitional phase lasting a very short time. The current responds smoothly to voltage reference and parameter variations, with very insignificant chattering and overshoot. The current remains stable and constant, with a noticeable presence of a peak with each change in the reference voltage, accompanied by relatively small chattering. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that adaptive L-SMC achieves accurate voltage regulation, a rapid transient response, and reduces chattering, and the simulation and experimental testing show that the proposed controller has a significantly lower steady-state error, which ensures precise and stable voltage regulation with time. Additionally, the system converges faster for the proposed controller at conversion and is stabilized quickly to the adaptation reference state after the drastic and dynamic change in either the input voltage or load, thus minimizing the settling time. The proposed control approach also contributes to saving energy for the application at hand, all in consideration of minimizing losses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Protection and Control Strategies for Power Conversion in Electromechanical Energy Storage Systems)
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23 pages, 5432 KiB  
Article
Efficient Heating System Management Through IoT Smart Devices
by Álvaro de la Puente-Gil, Alberto González-Martínez, Enrique Rosales-Asensio, Ana-María Diez-Suárez and Jorge-Juan Blanes Peiró
Machines 2025, 13(8), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080643 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 341
Abstract
A novel approach to managing domestic heating systems through IoT technologies is introduced in this paper. The system optimizes energy consumption by dynamically adapting to electricity and fuel price fluctuations while maintaining user comfort. Integrating smart devices significantly reduce energy costs and offer [...] Read more.
A novel approach to managing domestic heating systems through IoT technologies is introduced in this paper. The system optimizes energy consumption by dynamically adapting to electricity and fuel price fluctuations while maintaining user comfort. Integrating smart devices significantly reduce energy costs and offer a favorable payback period, positioning the solution as both sustainable and economically viable. Efficient heating management is increasingly critical amid growing energy and environmental concerns. This strategy uses IoT devices to collect real-time data on prices, consumption, and user preferences. Based on this data, the system adjusts heating settings intelligently to balance comfort and cost savings. IoT connectivity manages continuous monitoring and dynamic optimization in response to changing conditions. This study includes a real-case comparison between a conventional central heating system and an IoT-managed electric radiator setup. By applying automation rules linked to energy pricing and user habits, the system enhances energy efficiency, especially in cold climates. The economic evaluation shows that using low-cost IoT devices yields meaningful savings and achieves equipment payback within approximately three years. The results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, demonstrating that smart, adaptive heating solutions can cut energy expenses without sacrificing comfort, while offering environmental and financial benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Protection and Control Strategies for Power Conversion in Electromechanical Energy Storage Systems)
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