Emerging Approaches to Intelligent and Autonomous Systems

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Automation and Control Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 2278

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: cyber–physical systems and internet of things; autonomous robots (SLAM; navigation; path planning; full exploration/coverage; multi-robot systems); robotic architectures and middleware; robot agnostic APIs and applications; no/low-code platforms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: software engineering processes; model-driven engineering; software quality and software analytics; middleware robotics and knowledge extraction from big data repositories
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of intelligent and autonomous systems (IAS) on modern society has continued to increasing over the last few years. Powered by advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics, intelligent and autonomous systems are radically transforming aspects of daily life that reach beyond the sphere of industry. In manufacturing, for example, autonomous robotic systems have improved efficiency and precision, leading to increased productivity; however, in retail, new consumer electronics (for example, robotic vacuum cleaners and smart home devices) have “taken over” the market, giving people access to advanced technologies in their everyday lives. In fact, autonomous systems have become an inherent part of the IoT (Internet of Things) and/or CPS (cyber–physical) systems, allowing for more dynamic operations, since their perceived intelligence is enhanced by accompanying sensors, external services, databases, or analytics results.

Regardless of the specialization/application domain of autonomous systems, they share many common challenges.  Most of these systems, in order to be called autonomous, operate in a dynamic environment and interact with other static and dynamic elements, exhibiting advanced behaviors that satisfy domain-specific requirements while serving a versatile range of functions. Mobile robots, drones, underwater robots, or even autonomous cars that function in a broad range of settings are typical examples of such systems.

Finally, a major challenge that has emerged of late is the seamless integration of service robots or, more broadly, autonomous/intelligent agents, into everyday environments. This is compounded by the need to make them easy to use and configure by non-roboticists, or people who lack high degrees of technical specialization, such as citizen developers. This challenge is far from trivial, since several hurdles exist towards making the end system soundly operable. For example, among other things, citizen developers should use a low-code approach to configuring/deploying their systems, smart inherent mechanisms should exist that offer security by design and automated tools for preemptive testing, and preventive simulations should allow for more robust applications.

This Special Issue, entitled “Emerging Approaches to Intelligent and Autonomous Systems”, will cover articles that deal with proposals for the adaptation of traditional algorithms such as SLAM, localization, path planning, navigation, and exploration/coverage in the new paradigm of intelligent systems, the proposal of solutions towards tackling the above mentioned challenges, modern approaches in the field of IAS (including smart environments, robots, and autonomous cars), as well as novel applications in the relevant fields.

This Special Issue will focus on topics including, but not be limited to:

  • Mapping, localization, and SLAM;
  • Path planning and navigation;
  • Exploration and coverage of known/unknown environments;
  • Multi-agent collaborative systems;
  • IAS in the context of IoT/CPS systems;
  • Applications for IAS;
  • Security considerations and tools for IAS;
  • IAS in the cloud domain;
  • Model-driven engineering applications for IAS;
  • Domain-specific languages in IAS;
  • Low-code development of robotic systems and IAS.

Dr. Manos Tsardoulias
Prof. Dr. Andreas L. Symeonidis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • autonomous and intelligent systems
  • autonomous robotics
  • multiple agent systems
  • autonomous systems algorithms
  • autonomous cars
  • internet of things
  • cyber–physical systems
  • model driven engineering
  • systems security
  • testing and validation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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36 pages, 25977 KiB  
Article
How to Win Bosch Future Mobility Challenge: Design and Implementation of the VROOM Autonomous Scaled Vehicle
by Theodoros Papafotiou, Emmanouil Tsardoulias, Alexandros Nikolaou, Aikaterini Papagiannitsi, Despoina Christodoulou, Ioannis Gkountras and Andreas L. Symeonidis
Machines 2025, 13(6), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13060514 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 874
Abstract
Over the last decade, a transformation in the automotive industry has been witnessed, as advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor technology have continued to accelerate the development of driverless vehicles. These systems are expected to significantly reduce traffic accidents and associated costs, making [...] Read more.
Over the last decade, a transformation in the automotive industry has been witnessed, as advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor technology have continued to accelerate the development of driverless vehicles. These systems are expected to significantly reduce traffic accidents and associated costs, making their integration into future transportation systems highly impactful. To explore this field in a controlled and flexible manner, scaled autonomous vehicle platforms are increasingly adopted for experimentation. In this work, we propose a set of methodologies to perform autonomous driving tasks through a software–hardware co-design approach. The developed system focuses on deploying a modular and reconfigurable software stack tailored to run efficiently on constrained embedded hardware, demonstrating a balance between real-time capability and computational resource usage. The proposed platform was implemented on a 1:10 scale vehicle that participated in the Bosch Future Mobility Challenge (BFMC) 2024. It integrates a high-performance embedded computing unit and a heterogeneous sensor suite to achieve reliable perception, decision-making, and control. The architecture is structured across four interconnected layers—Input, Perception, Control, and Output—allowing flexible module integration and reusability. The effectiveness of the system was validated throughout the competition scenarios, leading the team to secure first place. Although the platform was evaluated on a scaled vehicle, its underlying software–hardware principles are broadly applicable and scalable to larger autonomous systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Approaches to Intelligent and Autonomous Systems)
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35 pages, 707 KiB  
Systematic Review
Security by Design for Industrial Control Systems from a Cyber–Physical System Perspective: A Systematic Mapping Study
by Ahmed Elmarkez, Soraya Mesli-Kesraoui, Pascal Berruet and Flavio Oquendo
Machines 2025, 13(7), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13070538 - 20 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), a specialized type of Cyber–Physical System, have shifted from isolated and obscured environments to ones exposed to diverse Information Technology (IT) security threats, which are now highly interconnected. Their adoption of IT introduces vulnerabilities which they were not originally [...] Read more.
Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), a specialized type of Cyber–Physical System, have shifted from isolated and obscured environments to ones exposed to diverse Information Technology (IT) security threats, which are now highly interconnected. Their adoption of IT introduces vulnerabilities which they were not originally designed to handle, posing critical risks. Thus, it’s imperative to integrate security measures early in CPS development, particularly during the design and implementation phases, to mitigate these vulnerabilities effectively. This study aims to identify, classify, and analyze existing research on the security-by-design paradigm for CPSs, exploring trends and defining the characteristics, advantages, limitations, and open issues of current methodologies. A systematic mapping study was conducted, selecting 55 primary studies through a rigorous protocol. The findings indicate that the majority of methodologies concentrate on the design phase, frequently overlooking other stages of development. Moreover, while there is a notable emphasis on security analysis across most primary studies, there is a notable gap in considering the integration of mitigation measures. This oversight raises concerns about the efficacy of security measures in real-world deployment scenarios. Additionally, there is a significant reliance on human intervention, highlighting the need for further development in automated security solutions. Conflicts between security requirements and other system needs are also inadequately addressed, potentially compromising overall system effectiveness. This work provides a comprehensive overview of CPS security-by-design methodologies and identifies several open issues that require further investigation, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that includes vulnerability handling, clear security objectives, and effective conflict management, along with improved standard integration, advanced validation methods, and automated tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Approaches to Intelligent and Autonomous Systems)
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