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Advanced Studies in Ship Fluid Mechanics
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Advanced Studies in Ship Fluid Mechanics

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 1296

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amin Nazemian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: hydrodynamics; computational fluid dynamics; numerical analysis; ship design; naval architect

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of ship fluid mechanics is advancing rapidly with transformative technologies that are reshaping hydrodynamic analysis and ship design. High-fidelity CFD, including hybrid RANS-LES, high-order methods, and lattice Boltzmann approaches, offers the precise modeling of turbulent and multiphase flows. Adjoint solvers and multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) frameworks have enabled the holistic optimization of hydrodynamic performance, structural integrity, and sustainability. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are revolutionizing the field with predictive modeling, real-time simulations, and surrogate models, significantly reducing computational costs. Emerging methods like Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), immersed boundary techniques, and direct numerical simulation (DNS) enhance our understanding of complex phenomena, including wave–structure interactions and cavitation. Advances in fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and digital twin technologies are enabling real-time performance monitoring and optimization. Supported by high-performance computing, these innovations are driving sustainable, efficient, and cutting-edge solutions, redefining the boundaries of ship fluid mechanics and maritime engineering.

Main application topics include the following:

  • Air lubrication;
  • Hull coating;
  • Wind-assisted propulsion;
  • Appendage performance enhancement;
  • Hullform optimization;
  • More efficient ship propulsion and maneuverability;
  • Wave–structure interactions;
  • Machine learning and data-driven approaches;
  • Liquid sloshing.

The main scientific topics include the following:

  • Multi-phase adjoint solver;
  • Applications of the lattice Boltzmann methods;
  • SPH modeling;
  • Full-Scale CFD simulation;
  • Accurate and efficient numerical simulation for optimization;
  • Second-generation intact stability criteria (SGISC) and stability in waves;
  • AI-driven innovations in fluid dynamics.

This Special Issue aims to serve as a platform for showcasing innovative research and advancements in fluid dynamics and its diverse applications. It emphasizes recent progress in both fundamental fluid dynamics and their practical implementations across various domains of naval architecture, ocean, and marine engineering. The focus is on the latest theoretical, computational, and experimental contributions to all facets of marine hydrodynamics.

Dr. Amin Nazemian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel computational methods
  • high-fidelity CFD
  • artificial intelligence/machine learning in hydrodynamics
  • emerging decarbonization technology
  • advanced fluid mechanics
  • full-scale condition

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 3513 KB  
Article
Coupled Simulation Study on the High-Pressure Air Expulsion from Submarine Ballast Tanks and Emergency Surfacing Dynamics
by Jiabao Chen, Likun Peng, Bangjun Lv, Wei Pan and Yong Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(9), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13091769 (registering DOI) - 13 Sep 2025
Abstract
Emergency surfacing acts as the final line of defense in preserving the operational viability of submarines, playing a crucial role in their safety. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of submarine emergency surfacing, utilizing whole moving mesh technology, a method for coupled simulation of [...] Read more.
Emergency surfacing acts as the final line of defense in preserving the operational viability of submarines, playing a crucial role in their safety. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of submarine emergency surfacing, utilizing whole moving mesh technology, a method for coupled simulation of high-pressure air blowing out water tanks and emergency surfacing motion of submarines is proposed, enhancing the simulation’s fidelity to real-world dynamics. Based on meeting the requirements for simulation accuracy, utilizing the coupled simulation model, this study explored the effects of varying expulsion pressures on submarine motion parameters including depth, roll, pitch, and yaw angles. The findings indicate that the hull emerges slightly earlier and reaches a marginally higher point when coupling effects are accounted for compared to scenarios where these effects are neglected. At consistent expulsion pressures, as the pitch and roll angles increase and the back pressure decreases, the expulsion rate from the ballast tank accelerates. Higher expulsion pressures result in quicker surfacing of the hull, smaller amplitude of pitch angles, and larger amplitudes of roll angles, while the changes in yaw angle displayed no clear pattern. The methodologies and conclusions of this study offer valuable insights for the design and operational strategies of actual submarines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Ship Fluid Mechanics)
23 pages, 15493 KB  
Article
A Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Predicting Flow Fields on Unstructured Grids with the SUBOFF Benchmark
by Wei Guo, Cheng Cheng, Chong Huang, Zhiqing Lu, Kang Chen and Jun Ding
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(9), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13091647 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 591
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of traditional convolutional and recurrent neural networks in capturing spatio-temporal dynamics in flow fields on unstructured grids, this study proposes a novel Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network (ST-GNN) model that integrates a Graph Neural Network (GNN) with a Long Short-Term [...] Read more.
To overcome the limitations of traditional convolutional and recurrent neural networks in capturing spatio-temporal dynamics in flow fields on unstructured grids, this study proposes a novel Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network (ST-GNN) model that integrates a Graph Neural Network (GNN) with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The GNN component captures spatial dependencies among irregular grid nodes via message passing, while the LSTM component models temporal evolution through gated memory mechanisms. This hybrid framework enables the joint learning of spatial and temporal features in complex flow systems. Two variants of ST-GNN, namely, GCN-LSTM and GAT-LSTM, were developed and evaluated using the SUBOFF AFF-8 benchmark dataset. The results show that GAT-LSTM achieved higher accuracy than GCN-LSTM, with average relative errors of 2.51% for velocity and 1.43% for pressure at the 1000th time step. Both models achieved substantial speedups over traditional CFD solvers, with GCN-LSTM and GAT-LSTM accelerating predictions by approximately 350 and 150 times, respectively. These findings position ST-GNN as an efficient and accurate alternative for spatio-temporal flow modeling on unstructured grids, advancing data-driven fluid dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Ship Fluid Mechanics)
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33 pages, 6970 KB  
Article
Wake Characteristics and Thermal Properties of Underwater Vehicle Based on DDES Numerical Simulation
by Yu Lu, Jiacheng Cui, Bing Liu, Shuai Shi and Wu Shao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071371 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 412
Abstract
Investigating the coupled hydrodynamic and thermal wakes induced by underwater vehicles is vital for non-acoustic detection and environmental monitoring. Here, the standard SUBOFF model is simulated under eight operating conditions—speeds of 10, 15, and 20 kn; depths of 10, 20, and 30 m; [...] Read more.
Investigating the coupled hydrodynamic and thermal wakes induced by underwater vehicles is vital for non-acoustic detection and environmental monitoring. Here, the standard SUBOFF model is simulated under eight operating conditions—speeds of 10, 15, and 20 kn; depths of 10, 20, and 30 m; and both with and without thermal discharge—using Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) coupled with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. Results indicate that, under heat emission conditions, higher speeds accelerate wake temperature decay, making the thermal wake difficult to detect downstream; without heat emission, turbulent mixing dominates the temperature field, and speed effects are minor. With increased speed, wake vorticity at a fixed location grows by about 30%, free-surface wave height rises from 0.05 to 0.15 m, and wavelength remains around 1.8 m, all positively correlated with speed. Dive depth is negatively correlated with wave height, decreasing from 0.15 to 0.04 m as depth increases from 5 to 20 m, while wavelength remains largely unchanged. At a 10 m submergence depth, the thermal wake is clearly detectable on the surface but becomes hard to detect beyond 20 m, indicating a pronounced depth effect on its visibility. These results not only confirm the positive correlation between vessel speed and wake vorticity reported in earlier studies but also extend those findings by providing the first quantitative evaluation of how submergence depth critically limits thermal wake visibility beyond 20 m. This research provides quantitative evaluations of wake characteristics under varying speeds, depths, and heat emissions, offering valuable insights for stealth navigation and detection technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Ship Fluid Mechanics)
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