Design and Application of Underwater Vehicles

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 1764

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: intelligent control; underwater vehicles; neural network

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underwater vehicles are part of the core technical equipment used for exploring and developing marine resources. Their designs and applications have irreplaceable strategic value in deep sea exploration, environmental monitoring, seabed resource surveying, and military security. With the continuous growth in the global demand for marine resources, underwater vehicles can not only perform high-precision seabed topography mapping and biodiversity surveys and other scientific tasks, but also be applied in the maintenance of seabed infrastructure (such as oil and gas pipelines and optical cable inspection) and marine disaster early warning scenarios, as well as other practical scenarios. Facing complex and changeable marine environments (such as high pressure, strong turbulence, and extreme temperature gradients), the design of underwater vehicles needs to balance energy efficiency and system reliability and use intelligent control algorithms (such as model predictive control and adaptive path planning) to deal with dynamic disturbances, ensuring the stability and safety of task execution. In addition, the autonomous operation ability of underwater vehicles under extreme conditions provides key technical support for advancing marine scientific research and environmental protection.

The research and development of underwater vehicles reflects the achievements of multi-disciplinary integration, covering mechanical structure optimization, intelligent perception system integration, and energy management strategies. Their design needs to address core issues such as multi-degree-of-freedom motion control, improvements in long-endurance capabilities, and the optimization of environmental adaptability, such as by using lightweight materials and modular architectures to reduce energy consumption and also by integrating data-driven real-time decision-making systems to enhance their obstacle avoidance and trajectory-tracking capabilities. High-precision numerical modeling and simulation technologies have further improved their operational accuracy in non-ideal environments, such as complex ocean currents and sensor noise. The combination of distributed sensor networks and artificial intelligence algorithms has also promoted the realization of fully autonomous and intelligent underwater operations. These technological innovations not only accelerate the progress of marine science and engineering, but also lay a solid foundation for future deep sea resource development, ecological protection, and global ocean governance.

Prof. Dr. Zhiguang Feng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • underwater vehicles
  • artificial intelligence
  • autonomous underwater vehicles
  • deep sea exploration

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 12274 KB  
Article
Predefined-Time Formation Tracking Control for Underactuated AUVs with Input Saturation and Output Constraints
by Sibo Yao, Yiqi Wang and Zhiguang Feng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(9), 1607; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13091607 - 22 Aug 2025
Viewed by 74
Abstract
In this work, a predefined-time formation output constraint control method is proposed for underactuated AUVs with input saturation. First, a coordinate transformation method is utilized to convert the underactuated AUV system into a fully actuated system form. A universal time-varying asymmetric barrier function [...] Read more.
In this work, a predefined-time formation output constraint control method is proposed for underactuated AUVs with input saturation. First, a coordinate transformation method is utilized to convert the underactuated AUV system into a fully actuated system form. A universal time-varying asymmetric barrier function is constructed to convert the system to an unconstrained form and construct the formation tracking error. Then, a predefined-time formation output constraint control law is designed based on the active disturbance rejection control framework and predefined-time control method, which can achieve the control objective without relying on the precise mathematical model of the system. In addition, to address the input saturation issue, a novel predefined-time auxiliary dynamic system (ADS) is proposed. The proposed method with ADS can ensure that the multi-AUV system with input saturation can complete the formation output constraint tracking control task within a predefined time. Finally, a simulation is designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Application of Underwater Vehicles)
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20 pages, 2749 KB  
Article
ROVs Utilized in Communication and Remote Control Integration Technologies for Smart Ocean Aquaculture Monitoring Systems
by Yen-Hsiang Liao, Chao-Feng Shih, Jia-Jhen Wu, Yu-Xiang Wu, Chun-Hsiang Yang and Chung-Cheng Chang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071225 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 710
Abstract
This study presents a new intelligent aquatic farming surveillance system that tackles real-time monitoring challenges in the industry. The main technical break-throughs of this system are evident in four key aspects: First, it achieves the smooth integration of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), sensors, [...] Read more.
This study presents a new intelligent aquatic farming surveillance system that tackles real-time monitoring challenges in the industry. The main technical break-throughs of this system are evident in four key aspects: First, it achieves the smooth integration of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), sensors, and real-time data transmission. Second, it uses a mobile communication architecture with buoy relay stations for distributed edge computing. This design supports future upgrades to Beyond 5G and satellite networks for deep-sea applications. Third, it features a multi-terminal control system that supports computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and centralized hubs, effectively enabling monitoring anytime, anywhere. Fourth, it incorporates a cost-effective modular design, utilizing commercial hardware and innovative system integration solutions, making it particularly suitable for farms with limited resources. The data indicates that the system’s 4G connection is both stable and reliable, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of data transmission success rates, control command response delays, and endurance. It has successfully processed 324,800 data transmission events, thoroughly validating its reliability in real-world production environments. This system integrates advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, mobile communications, and multi-access control, which not only significantly enhance the precision oversight capabilities of marine farming but also feature a modular design that allows for future expansion into satellite communications. Notably, the system reduces operating costs while simultaneously improving aquaculture efficiency, offering a practical and intelligent solution for small farmers in resource-limited areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Application of Underwater Vehicles)
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23 pages, 2564 KB  
Article
Hierarchical Adaptive Fixed-Time Formation Control for Multiple Underactuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Under Uncertain Disturbances and Input Saturation
by Jiacheng Chang, Lanyong Zhang, Yifan Tan, Xue Fu and Hongjun Yu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(6), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061146 - 9 Jun 2025
Viewed by 576
Abstract
Recent advances in multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have highlighted formation control as a critical challenge for underwater collaborative operations. To address the inherent coupling between formation coordination and individual control in conventional approaches, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical framework of adaptive [...] Read more.
Recent advances in multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have highlighted formation control as a critical challenge for underwater collaborative operations. To address the inherent coupling between formation coordination and individual control in conventional approaches, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical framework of adaptive fixed-time formation control for multiple underactuated AUVs. This framework decouples AUVs’ formation requirements and individual control challenges into two distinct layers: the Collision-free Formation Trajectories Generation (CFTG) Layer and the Adaptive Trajectories Tracking (ATT) Layer. In the CFTG Layer, a consensus-based controller is developed to generate the desired trajectories for the AUVs to meet the requirements of complex formation tasks. And an improved artificial potential field method is proposed to ensure AUVs can reach the target point when the target is close to obstacles. In the ATT Layer, an auxiliary compensation system is designed to address the issue of input saturation. Furthermore, the adaptive fixed-time controllers are proposed to handle the uncertain parameters in the model, enabling underactuated AUVs to track the desired trajectory precisely. Both layers guarantee fixed-time convergence to increase the convergence speed. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and better performance of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Application of Underwater Vehicles)
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