Patient-Oriented Treatments for Heart Failure

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 316

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Division of Internal Medicine, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital Forlì, Forlì, Italy
2. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: heart failure; cardiovascular diseases; stroke; inflammation; geriatric medicine; multmorbidity; frailty

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome and a major public health problem, characterized by relevant morbidity and mortality. HF prevalence is increasing as result of aging populations, better treatment outcomes, and improved survival. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Approximately one in four people develop HF over the course of their lives and HF prevalence as well as incidence dramatically increase after the age of 65. About half of HF patients are frail and the majority of them present multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity). Despite recent therapeutic innovations, the management of patients with HF remains complex and challenging. Current HF guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach, based on HF type, stage, risk factors, biomarkers, and comorbid conditions, to implement tailored prevention strategies and personalized care, promote good health, and preserve quality of life. 

In this Special Issue, aimed at providing a comprehensive, state-of-the-art update about the personalized care of patients with HF, we welcome authors to submit original research articles, reviews, and meta-analyses focused on these research topics, especially highlighting new insights into HF patient-oriented prevention, management, and treatment.

Dr. Elisa Fabbri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • heart failure
  • personalized care
  • patient-centered treatment
  • aging
  • comorbidity
  • multimorbidity
  • frailty

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

26 pages, 1666 KiB  
Review
Proenkephalin 119–159 in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Implications
by Dionysis Matsiras, Ioannis Ventoulis, Christos Verras, Vasiliki Bistola, Sofia Bezati, Barbara Fyntanidou, Effie Polyzogopoulou and John T. Parissis
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2657; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082657 - 13 Apr 2025
Viewed by 242
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a challenging clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates. Along the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, HF constitutes an ever-expanding area of research aiming at combating the associated mortality and improving the prognosis of patients with HF. Although natriuretic [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) is a challenging clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates. Along the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, HF constitutes an ever-expanding area of research aiming at combating the associated mortality and improving the prognosis of patients with HF. Although natriuretic peptides have an established role among biomarkers in HF diagnosis and prognosis, several novel biomarkers reflecting the complex pathophysiology of HF are under investigation for their ability to predict adverse clinical outcomes in HF. Proenkephalin 119–159 (PENK119–159) is a non-functional peptide belonging to the enkephalin family of the endogenous opioid system and is considered a surrogate biomarker of the biologically active enkephalin peptides. PENK119–159 has demonstrated promising results in predicting short- and long-term mortality, readmission rates, and worsening renal function in patients with HF. Indeed, in the setting of HF, the levels of both active enkephalins and their surrogate PENK119–159 are elevated and are associated with a dismal prognosis. However, the biological effects of PENK119–159 remain largely unknown. Thus, it is crucial to gain a deeper insight into both the physiology of the enkephalin peptide family and the enkephalin-mediated cardiovascular regulation. In order to elucidate the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the upregulation of enkephalins in patients with HF, as well as the potential clinical implications of elevated enkephalins and PENK119–159 levels in this patient population, the present review will describe the physiology and distribution of the endogenous opioid peptides and their corresponding opioid receptors, with a particular focus on the action of enkephalins. The effects of the enkephalin peptides will be analyzed in both healthy subjects and patients with HF, especially with regard to their role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function. The review will also discuss the findings of recent studies that have explored the prognostic value of PENK119–159 in patients with HF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patient-Oriented Treatments for Heart Failure)
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