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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Neurodegeneration: New Insights and Advances from Molecular to Cellular Level

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2026) | Viewed by 1437

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Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44, I-00165 Rome, Italy
Interests: molecular biology; genetics; bioinformatics; neurosciences; neurodegeneration; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); extracellular vesicles; human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); organ-on-a-chip (OoC)
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The pathophysiology of neurodegeneration involves complex cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neuronal injury, repair, inflammation, and dysfunction. Understanding the cellular and molecular events leading to the transition from neuronal homeostasis to physiopathological states is a central focus of biomedical research in neurodegenerative diseases. Cutting-edge genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic technologies, as well as innovative experimental models such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoids, and organ-on-a-chip systems, represent the current toolbox for defining pathways involved in disease initiation and progression, as well as for allowing identification of novel therapeutic targets for early intervention. This Special Issue highlights innovative research on cellular and molecular dynamics in nervous tissue, including processes such as myelination, neuronal excitability, molecular and cellular turnover, and the modulation of signaling pathways disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, mechanisms underlying protein misfolding and aggregation, RNA processing dysregulation, proteasome impairment, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Additionally, this Special Issue will highlight advances in molecular-based drug delivery systems, novel therapeutic targets, and predictive biomarkers. We invite original research articles, communications, and comprehensive reviews to contribute to this crucial field of study.

Dr. Alessandro Romano
Dr. Amilcare Barca
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • central and peripheral nervous systems
  • neuron homeostasis
  • neurodegeneration
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • neurophysiology
  • -omic technologies
  • induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)
  • three-dimensional cell culture
  • organ-on-a-chip (OoC)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 4822 KB  
Article
The Antidepressant Amitriptyline Upregulates ERK1/2 Signaling and Inhibits Rho-Mediated Responses Induced by Lysophosphatidic Acid in Astroglial Cells
by Maria C. Olianas, Simona Dedoni and Pierluigi Onali
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(8), 3660; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083660 - 20 Apr 2026
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Abstract
(1) Different classes of antidepressant drugs have been shown to activate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors, but their effects on the receptor signaling stimulated by LPA have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline [...] Read more.
(1) Different classes of antidepressant drugs have been shown to activate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors, but their effects on the receptor signaling stimulated by LPA have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline on the LPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Rho signaling in C6 glioma cells and cultured rat astrocytes. (2) LPA receptor signaling was investigated by using Western blot and microscopic immunofluorescence assays. Rho activation was determined by a pull-down assay. (3) Amitriptyline potentiated the LPA-induced activation of ERK1/2 signaling, as indicated by the more than additive increases in the phosphorylation/activation of key components of this pathway including fibroblast growth factor 1 receptor, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Elk-1, and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). Amitriptyline also enhanced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) elicited by LPA. In contrast, the antidepressant failed to mimic the LPA-induced activation of Rho and Rho-dependent responses, such as the reversal of astrocyte stellation, accumulation of stress fibers, and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and myosin target subunit of myosin phosphatase isoform 1. Moreover, when combined with LPA, amitriptyline curtailed Rho activation and the Rho-mediated cellular responses. (4) These results demonstrate that in astroglial cells, amitriptyline exerts a balanced action on LPA-activated receptors by enhancing the neuroprotective ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF signaling and dampening the potentially detrimental Rho–ROCK pathway, and suggest that this unique property may contribute to the antidepressant activity of the drug. Full article
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