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Role of Mitochondrial Genetics in Brain Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 2787

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, E43206 Reus, Spain
Interests: medicine neuroscience biochemistry; genetics and molecular biology psychology pharmacology; toxicology and pharmaceutics nursing immunology and microbiology agricultural and biological sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human mitochondrial DNA, a 16,569 kb circular molecule, encodes 37 genes necessary to synthesize 13 essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system that generates most of the cell's energy requirements. Maintaining the balance between energy demand and expenditure is extremely important for the proper functioning of the brain, as the brain uses up to 20% of the body's total energy, while it accounts for only 2% of the body's weight. Mitochondrial function therefore plays a key role in brain function, and mitochondrial medicine may provide the impetus for personalized treatments for brain disorders whose biological basis remains unclear, and for which effective treatments are still lacking. Recent and previous studies have already linked mitochondrial genetics to neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. In this Special Issue, we call for papers that shed light on the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and brain disorders, as well as the outcome of treatments targeting mitochondria. Of particular interest are papers that 1) identify mitochondrial biomarkers, especially genetic ones, associated with psychiatric and neurological phenotypes, and 2) identify the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotypic characteristics of brain disorders.

Dr. Lourdes Martorell
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mitochondria
  • mitochondrial DNA
  • brain
  • aging
  • psychiatry
  • treatment
  • nutraceuticals

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

13 pages, 947 KiB  
Review
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels in Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Mark M. Melamud, Valentina N. Buneva and Evgeny A. Ermakov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3402; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043402 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels are known to increase in biological fluids in various pathological conditions. However, the data on circulating cfDNA in severe psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depressive disorders (DDs), is contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the [...] Read more.
The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels are known to increase in biological fluids in various pathological conditions. However, the data on circulating cfDNA in severe psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depressive disorders (DDs), is contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the concentrations of different cfDNA types in schizophrenia, BD, and DDs compared with healthy donors. The mitochondrial (cf-mtDNA), genomic (cf-gDNA), and total cfDNA concentrations were analyzed separately. The effect size was estimated using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Eight reports for schizophrenia, four for BD, and five for DDs were included in the meta-analysis. However, there were only enough data to analyze the total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia and cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. It has been shown that the levels of total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in patients with schizophrenia are significantly higher than in healthy donors (SMD values of 0.61 and 0.6, respectively; p < 0.00001). Conversely, the levels of cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs do not differ compared with healthy individuals. Nevertheless, further research is needed in the case of BD and DDs due to the small sample sizes in the BD studies and the significant data heterogeneity in the DD studies. Additionally, further studies are needed on cf-mtDNA in schizophrenia or cf-gDNA and total cfDNA in BD and DDs due to insufficient data. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides the first evidence of increases in total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia but shows no changes in cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. Increased circulating cfDNA in schizophrenia may be associated with chronic systemic inflammation, as cfDNA has been found to trigger inflammatory responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Mitochondrial Genetics in Brain Disorders)
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