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Novel Molecules in Diabetes Melitus, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease 2.0

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2024) | Viewed by 3757

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cosmin Mihai Vesa

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Guest Editor

Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
Interests: sustainability in public health; occupational medicine; environment-associated diseases; sick building syndrome; one health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Simona Gabriela Bungau

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Interests: medicine; pharmacology; antidiabetic drugs; metabolism; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of this issue is to present the impact in clinical practice as well as in medical research of novel molecules that have been introduced in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The topic focuses on the improvements in disease outcomes as well as the numerous beneficial effects of use of certain medications such as GLP-1 agonists, dual GLP-1/ GIP agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors for diabetes mellitus treatment; PCSK9 inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules for dyslipidemia; and antiaggregants, oral anticoagulants, scubitril/valsartan, and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor agonists or dapagliflozin in cardiovascular diseases. We believe that the number of real-life studies and in vivo and in vitro research of the effects of these drugs is quite low at the moment, leading to a lack of understanding of the complex molecular effects and pleiotropic effects of these medications, as well as incomplete knowledge regarding the repurposing of these drugs in clinical practice. Thus, this Special Issue is incredibly topical and important, and we look forward to your submissions which will help to clarify the issues surrounding such drugs.

Dr. Cosmin Mihai Vesa
Prof. Dr. Simona Gabriela Bungau
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

GLP-1 agonists
GLP-1/GIP agonists
SGLT-2 inhibitors
dyslipidemia
PCSK9 inhibitors
diabetes mellitus
sacubitril/valsartan
small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules for dyslipidemia
novel oral anticoagulants
non-steroidal MRA
cardiovascular disease

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2050 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide Levels in Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction in Mice and Human

by Alexandra Höpfinger, Andreas Schmid, Thomas Karrasch, Sabine Pankuweit, Andreas Schäffler and Karsten Grote

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052909 - 2 Mar 2024

Viewed by 644

Abstract

Obesity represents a worldwide health challenge, and the condition is accompanied by elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by metabolic dysfunction and proinflammatory adipokines. Among those, the immune-modulatory cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (human: CAMP; murine: CRAMP) might contribute to the interaction of the innate immune system and metabolism in these settings. We investigated systemic CAMP/CRAMP levels in experimental murine models of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular patients. Atherosclerosis was induced in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr^−/−) mice by high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6J wild-type mice were subjected to myocardial infarction by permanent or transient left anterior descending (LAD)-ligation. Cramp gene expression in murine organs and tissues was investigated via real-time PCR. Blood samples of 234 adult individuals with or without coronary artery disease (CAD) were collected. Human and murine CAMP/CRAMP serum levels were quantified by ELISA. Atherosclerotic mice exhibited significantly increased CRAMP serum levels and induced Cramp gene expression in the spleen and liver, whereas experimental myocardial infarction substantially decreased CRAMP serum levels. Human CAMP serum quantities were not significantly affected by CAD while being correlated with leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our data show an influence of cathelicidin in experimental atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, as well as in patients with CAD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Molecules in Diabetes Melitus, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease 2.0)

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Review

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22 pages, 1630 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

by Teodora Bianca Sirca, Mariana Eugenia Mureșan, Annamaria Pallag, Eleonora Marian, Tunde Jurca, Laura Grațiela Vicaș, Ioana Paula Tunduc, Felicia Manole and Liana Ștefan

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2962; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052962 - 4 Mar 2024

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Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Molecules in Diabetes Melitus, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease 2.0)

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25 pages, 1824 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cardiometabolic Risk: Characteristics of the Intestinal Microbiome and the Role of Polyphenols

by Ioana Mariana Haș, Delia Mirela Tit, Simona Gabriela Bungau, Flavia Maria Pavel, Bernadette-Emoke Teleky, Dan Cristian Vodnar and Cosmin Mihai Vesa

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813757 - 6 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1266

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and obesity have been associated with changes in the gut microbiota structure, or dysbiosis. The beneficial effect of polyphenols on reducing the incidence of this chronic disease has been confirmed by numerous studies. Polyphenols are primarily known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but they can also modify the gut microbiota. According to recent research, polyphenols positively influence the gut microbiota, which regulates metabolic responses and reduces systemic inflammation. This review emphasizes the prebiotic role of polyphenols and their impact on specific gut microbiota components in patients at cardiometabolic risk. It also analyzes the most recent research on the positive effects of polyphenols on cardiometabolic health. While numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the interaction involving polyphenols and gut microbiota, additional clinical investigations are required to assess this effect in people. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Molecules in Diabetes Melitus, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease 2.0)

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