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Geriatrics
Special Issues
Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies
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Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies

A special issue of Geriatrics (ISSN 2308-3417).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5317

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gérard Lizard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Team "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism", Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
Interests: lipids; oxysterols; fatty acids; polyphenols; oils; oxidation; inflammation; mitochondria; peroxisomes; lysosomes; apoptosis; autophagy; natural products; synthethic molecules; biomarkers; neurodegeneration; neurodegenerative diseases; aging; age-related diseases; nanoparticles; targeted therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Pierre Jouanny

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Team U1093 CAPS “Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity”, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; frailty; ageing process; epidemiology; successful aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sonia Hammami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
Interests: aging; geriatrics; frailty; sarcopenia; Alzheimer’s disease; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last decades, the percentage of people over 65, as well as the average lifespan, has increased considerably and is expected to increase further in the coming years. Aging in good health has therefore become a societal and economic issue. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of aging and preventing it by opposing the onset of age-related diseases is a public health issue. In this context, it is important to identify the genetic and epigenetic factors that can influence aging and to determine the associated mechanisms. It is now crucial to determine strategies to slow aging in order to oppose the onset of age-related diseases. Identifying predictive biomarkers of age-related diseases is a major challenge, as well as the discovery of molecules that can oppose aging and the occurrence of associated diseases. This Special Issue of Geriatrics entitled “Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies” aims to bring together relevant research works dealing with cellular and molecular, pharmacological, nutritional, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of aging and age-related diseases.

Dr. Gérard Lizard
Prof. Dr. Pierre Jouanny
Prof. Dr. Sonia Hammami
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geriatrics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • age-related diseases
  • pathophysiology
  • cell mechanisms
  • therapies
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5276 KiB  
Article
MRI-Based Phenotyping for Osteosarcopenic Adiposity in Subjects from a Population-Based Cohort
by Elke Maurer, Susanne Rospleszcz, Wolfgang Rathmann, Barbara Thorand, Annette Peters, Christopher L. Schlett, Fabian Bamberg and Lena Sophie Kiefer
Geriatrics 2024, 9(6), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9060150 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 853
Abstract
Objective: Imaging biomarkers of bone, muscle, and fat by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may depict osteopenia, sarcopenia, and adiposity as the three different conditions of osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA). Methods: Subjects from a prospective, population-based case–control study underwent a health assessment and 3 Tesla [...] Read more.
Objective: Imaging biomarkers of bone, muscle, and fat by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may depict osteopenia, sarcopenia, and adiposity as the three different conditions of osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA). Methods: Subjects from a prospective, population-based case–control study underwent a health assessment and 3 Tesla whole-body MRI scan. Imaging biomarkers of bone (bone marrow fat-fraction (BMFF)), skeletal muscle (skeletal muscle FF (SMFF)), and fat (total adipose tissue (TAT)) were determined. Participants were allocated to one phenotype according to the OSA complex. Results: Among 363 participants forming the study cohort, 81 (22.3%, 48.1% males, 62.4 ± 6.9 years) were allocated into the OSA subgroup. Participants with an OSA phenotype were significantly older compared to all remaining subjects and showed the highest grades of SMFF (all p < 0.005). Together with subjects from the osteopenic sarcopenia group, OSA subjects exhibited the highest amounts of BMFF and together with the three other adiposity-containing subgroups also exhibited the highest BMIs. The highest prevalence of an impaired glucose tolerance as well as significantly higher blood pressure, blood dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis was found in the OSA subgroup (all p < 0.005). Conclusions: MR biomarkers of bone, skeletal muscle and fat are feasible for body composition phenotyping and may allow for targeted risk stratification in suspected OSA syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies)
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8 pages, 231 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia and the Relationship with Inflammation and Anemia Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study
by Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat, Chareeporn Akekawatchai and Khaimuk Changsri
Geriatrics 2024, 9(6), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9060146 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 679
Abstract
Background: Older people are more likely to have poor nutrition and low muscle mass, which leads to poor physical performance and anemia, resulting in a poor quality of life and risks to mobility and mortality. Furthermore, malnutrition may, in part, raise the [...] Read more.
Background: Older people are more likely to have poor nutrition and low muscle mass, which leads to poor physical performance and anemia, resulting in a poor quality of life and risks to mobility and mortality. Furthermore, malnutrition may, in part, raise the level of inflammatory biomarkers as well as muscle catabolism. Moreover, a range of indices related to systemic inflammation, obtained from routine complete blood count (CBC) tests, have been applied to inflammation markers. However, these biomarkers remain insufficiently addressed in the evidence supporting the presence of sarcopenia and malnutrition. This study aimed to explore sarcopenia in terms of malnutrition, anemia, and inflammation among Thai community-dwelling older people. Methods: This study enrolled community-dwelling older people aged 60 years and above. All participants were requested to complete a questionnaire assessing for sarcopenia (SARC-F) and nutritional status using the mini nutritional assessment (MNA). In addition, blood samples were obtained for the CBC test. Logistic regression analysis explored the risk of sarcopenia, CBC, and malnutrition status. Results: Of 126 older people (aged 62–88 years) enrolled, 12 individuals (9.52%) had sarcopenia. Furthermore, 34.9% and 5.56% of the participants were demonstrated to have anemia and malnutrition, respectively. Nutrition status was positively associated with hemoglobin levels (r = 0.241, p = 0.007) and negatively related to SARC-F scores (r = −0.190, p = 0.034). Older people with anemia show an increased risk of malnutrition at an odds ratio (OR) of 3.375. Moreover, individuals with anemia were at a higher risk of developing sarcopenia (OR 4.982) than those with no anemia. However, individuals with a high level of inflammatory markers, e.g., a high systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), had a higher risk of sarcopenia than those with low SIRI and MLR values. The systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were also positively associated with SARC-F scores. Conclusions: The association between sarcopenia, malnutrition status, and anemia might overlap in clinical manifestation. In addition, future research directions regarding the utility of routine CBC testing should focus on sarcopenia and malnutrition status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies)
17 pages, 3158 KiB  
Article
Particularities of Cataract Surgery in Elderly Patients: Corneal Structure and Endothelial Morphological Changes after Phacoemulsification
by Adela Laura Ciorba, Alin Teusdea, George Roiu and Daniela Simona Cavalu
Geriatrics 2024, 9(3), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9030077 - 8 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1250
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasounds used in phacoemulsification during cataract surgery on the corneal structure and morphology in patients over 65 years. We compared the outcomes of phacoemulsification techniques in terms of corneal cell morphology in [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasounds used in phacoemulsification during cataract surgery on the corneal structure and morphology in patients over 65 years. We compared the outcomes of phacoemulsification techniques in terms of corneal cell morphology in 77 patients over 65 years old and 43 patients under 65 years old. Corneal cell density, central corneal thickness and hexagonality were measured preoperatively and post-surgery (at 1 and 4 weeks) by specular microscopy. The effect of gender, axial length and anterior chamber depth on the parameters of corneal endothelium were evaluated. In both groups, a progressive decrease in endothelial cells was observed, starting from the first week post-surgery until the fourth postoperative week. The central corneal thickness increased in both groups with maximum values at the first week postoperatively, while their initial values were restored in the fourth week post-surgery, with no statistical difference between groups. Statistically significant differences were noticed in terms of cell hexagonality in the group over 65, showing smaller hexagonality at all preoperative and postoperative time points compared to group under 65. Our result highlights the importance of routine specular microscopy performed before surgery, regardless the age of the patients, with caution and careful attention to the phaco power intensity, ultrasound energy consumption and intraoperative manipulation of instruments, as well as proper use of viscoelastic substances to reduce corneal endothelium damage, especially in elderly patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies)
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Review

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11 pages, 547 KiB  
Review
Statistical Considerations for the Design and Analysis of Pragmatic Trials in Aging Research
by Ashuin Kammar-García, Liliana Aline Fernández-Urrutia, Jorge Alberto Guevara-Díaz and Javier Mancilla-Galindo
Geriatrics 2024, 9(3), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9030075 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1298
Abstract
Pragmatic trials aim to assess intervention efficacy in usual patient care settings, contrasting with explanatory trials conducted under controlled conditions. In aging research, pragmatic trials are important designs for obtaining real-world evidence in elderly populations, which are often underrepresented in trials. In this [...] Read more.
Pragmatic trials aim to assess intervention efficacy in usual patient care settings, contrasting with explanatory trials conducted under controlled conditions. In aging research, pragmatic trials are important designs for obtaining real-world evidence in elderly populations, which are often underrepresented in trials. In this review, we discuss statistical considerations from a frequentist approach for the design and analysis of pragmatic trials. When choosing the dependent variable, it is essential to use an outcome that is highly relevant to usual medical care while also providing sufficient statistical power. Besides traditionally used binary outcomes, ordinal outcomes can provide pragmatic answers with gains in statistical power. Cluster randomization requires careful consideration of sample size calculation and analysis methods, especially regarding missing data and outcome variables. Mixed effects models and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) are recommended for analysis to account for center effects, with tools available for sample size estimation. Multi-arm studies pose challenges in sample size calculation, requiring adjustment for design effects and consideration of multiple comparison correction methods. Secondary analyses are common but require caution due to the risk of reduced statistical power and false-discovery rates. Safety data collection methods should balance pragmatism and data quality. Overall, understanding statistical considerations is crucial for designing rigorous pragmatic trials that evaluate interventions in elderly populations under real-world conditions. In conclusion, this review focuses on various statistical topics of interest to those designing a pragmatic clinical trial, with consideration of aspects of relevance in the aging research field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies)
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