Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Food Structure and Properties

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 491

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Guest Editor
Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: novel treatment; bioactive compounds; food processing; food quality; food properties; drying
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drying is one of the most widely used preservation methods in the food industry, yet it significantly alters the microstructure, transport phenomena, and quality attributes of foods. With growing demand for minimally processed, high-quality, and sustainable products, selecting and optimising drying techniques has become a key scientific and industrial challenge.

Food drying has evolved from traditional sun and hot air drying to more controlled and efficient approaches, including vacuum drying, freeze-drying, and hybrid processes. In parallel, analytical tools (e.g., microscopy, MRI/CT, and advanced texture analysis) and modelling have enabled a deeper understanding of microstructural changes driving quality outcomes.

We solicit original research articles and comprehensive reviews on drying kinetics and mechanisms, microstructure evolution, rehydration behaviour, texture, colour, aroma retention, nutrient/bioactive stability, and functional properties of dried foods. We welcome studies spanning conventional and emerging drying technologies, modelling, process optimisation (such as PEF, ultrasound, or pulsed light pre-treatments to intensify mass transfer), and structure–property relationships across diverse food matrices. Papers on process–structure–property modelling, innovative equipment, hybrid drying strategies, and life-cycle/energy assessments are particularly encouraged.

Dr. Katarzyna Rybak
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • food drying
  • microstructure
  • structure–property relationships
  • pre-treatments
  • modelling
  • texture
  • food properties

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 23530 KB  
Article
Process Optimization of Spray-Dried Aquafaba and Comparison with Freeze-Drying: Techno-Functional Performance and Structural Attributes
by Merve Tuğçe Tunç Odabaş, Furkan Türker Sarıcaoğlu, Mahmut Ekrem Parlak, Arda Akdoğan, Halil İbrahim Odabaş, Engin Gündoğdu, Senay Simsek and İlyas Atalar
Foods 2026, 15(16), 2848; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15162848 - 15 Aug 2026
Viewed by 168
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the spray-drying (SD) process for aquafaba and compare the physical and techno-functional properties of the resulting powder with those of its freeze-dried (FD) counterpart. A Box–Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of inlet air temperature (150–190 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to optimize the spray-drying (SD) process for aquafaba and compare the physical and techno-functional properties of the resulting powder with those of its freeze-dried (FD) counterpart. A Box–Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of inlet air temperature (150–190 °C), air speed (3.5–4.3 m/s), and feed flow rate (0.3–0.5 L/h) on 14 quality responses. The optimized SD conditions were determined to be an inlet air temperature of 189 °C, an air speed of 4.2 m/s, and a feed flow rate of 0.3 L/h. Validation experiments demonstrated that the developed models had high predictive capacity, with only a small discrepancy (0.56–5.88%) between the predicted and experimental values. Comparative analysis showed that the optimized SD powder had significantly lower moisture content (2.47%) and water activity (0.18) than the FD powder (3.51% and 0.34, respectively), indicating superior storage stability. In addition, the SD powder exhibited greater whiteness (82.37), higher water solubility (88.44%), and substantially greater foaming capacity (266.67%) than the FD sample (243.33%). Although the FD powder demonstrated better wettability and water absorption capacity because of its porous structure, FTIR spectroscopy and protein secondary structure analysis confirmed that SD preserved the functional integrity of aquafaba. Specifically, SD induced a transition from disordered random-coil structures to more ordered β-sheet and β-turn configurations, thereby improving foaming performance. Overall, these findings indicate that optimized spray-drying is a highly efficient and industrially scalable alternative to freeze-drying for producing functional aquafaba powder for use as a plant-based egg substitute. Full article
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