Transforming the Food System: Technological Innovations in Biomass Utilization for Functional Food Production and Circular Economy

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1564

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
Interests: functional food; microalgae food; biomass conversion; ecological engineering
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global food system faces two critical challenges:

  1. Rising Demand and Resource Scarcity: Population growth and aging are increasing the need for functional foods while straining traditional food resources.
  2. Environmental Pressures: Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, reduces arable land and crop yields, threatening food security.

To address these challenges, technological innovations offer significant opportunities:

  1. Expansion of Food Raw Materials Via Biomass Utilization
  • Non-Grain Biomass Conversion: Agricultural and forestry waste (e.g., straw) can be transformed into food ingredients using microbial processes.
  • Synthetic Biology "Cell Factories": Engineered microorganisms (including microalgae) produce proteins, oils, and functional compounds (e.g., human milk oligosaccharides).
  • Precision Fermentation: Controlled fermentation processes enable scalable, high-yield synthesis of target products.
  1. Technology-Driven Industrial Upgrading
  • AI-Enhanced R&D and Production: Artificial intelligence aids metabolic prediction, metabolic engineering, and gene editing, and optimizes flavor design.
  • Synthetic Biology for Precision Regulation: Artificial intelligence aids fermentation control and improves yield, functionality, and manufacturing efficiency.
  1. Circular Economy through By-Product Valorization
  • High-Value Extraction: Fruit/vegetable waste and aquatic by-products are converted into functional ingredients (e.g., asparagus powder, fish oil).
  • Full-Value Utilization: Low-carbon technical systems ensure complete, cyclic use of biomass across production, processing, and distribution.

This Special Issue invites academic articles from global peers on scientific research and technological innovations in the fields of novel foods and functional foods, particularly those involving biomass conversion, bio-manufacturing, and AI-driven technologies. It aims to provide a platform for advancing the food industry's adaptation to the demands of the circular economy and addressing challenges posed by population aging.

Prof. Dr. Yuhuan Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • non-grain biomass
  • full-value utilization
  • synthetic biology
  • precision fermentation
  • alternative protein
  • functional food

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3082 KB  
Article
Fractionation and Functional Characterization of Limnospira platensis Extracellular Polysaccharides as Potential Food Ingredients from Recycled Cultivation Media
by Zihan Li, Chen Sang, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan and Qi Zhang
Foods 2026, 15(10), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15101801 - 19 May 2026
Abstract
Limnospira platensis is a promising sustainable biomass for functional food production. During cultivation, it secretes extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) with underutilized potential as food ingredients. This study aimed to strategically fractionate Spirulina EPS (SEPS) by molecular weight (MW: <30, 30–100, >100 kDa) to elucidate [...] Read more.
Limnospira platensis is a promising sustainable biomass for functional food production. During cultivation, it secretes extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) with underutilized potential as food ingredients. This study aimed to strategically fractionate Spirulina EPS (SEPS) by molecular weight (MW: <30, 30–100, >100 kDa) to elucidate their structure-function relationships for targeted food applications. We found distinct functional diversification: The mid-MW fraction (SEPS-2, 30–100 kDa) was an amphiphilic glycoprotein complex with potential interfacial activity. The high-MW fraction (SEPS-3, >100 kDa) formed a dense, glucose-rich glucan network, suggesting utility as a natural thickener or texturizer. In contrast, the low-MW fraction (SEPS-1, <30 kDa), rich in deoxy-sugars, exhibited superior antioxidant capacity, indicating potential as a bioactive preservative or nutraceutical. Spectroscopic and morphological analyses linked these structural differences to their physicochemical properties. Notably, the 30–100 kDa fraction transitions from a cultivation byproduct to a functional food architect, where its interfacial properties can be leveraged to engineer stable, clean-label emulsion-based food products. This work provides a foundation for the valorization of L. platensis EPS, demonstrating how MW-directed fractionation can unlock tailored functionalities-from bioactive agents to structural polymers-for the development of next-generation foods from circular bioeconomy streams. Full article
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22 pages, 1355 KB  
Article
Biochemical and Antioxidant Characterization of Pigment-Deficient Chlorella vulgaris Flours and the Impact of Fermentation: Comparative Insights from Green, Honey, and White Variants
by Nafiou Arouna, Elena Tomassi, Július Árvay, Manuel Venturi, Viola Galli and Laura Pucci
Foods 2026, 15(5), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15050955 - 8 Mar 2026
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Abstract
This study investigated the biochemical composition and antioxidant potential of flours from pigment-deficient Chlorella vulgaris variants (honey and white) and wild-type (green) and the impact of lactic acid bacteria–yeast co-culture fermentation. The three variants were characterized for composition, total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid [...] Read more.
This study investigated the biochemical composition and antioxidant potential of flours from pigment-deficient Chlorella vulgaris variants (honey and white) and wild-type (green) and the impact of lactic acid bacteria–yeast co-culture fermentation. The three variants were characterized for composition, total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays), and reactive oxygen species production in HT-29 intestinal cells. All extracts were noncytotoxic up to 100 µg/mL. Among all variants, the green showed the highest native TPC, TFC, and overall antioxidant activity. TPC and TFC were similar between honey and white, while FRAP was higher in honey and ORAC was higher in white. Biomasses were subsequently fermented for 24 h using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CR L1 or Levilactobacillus brevis L204 with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae TRE Y100 or Kluyveromyces marxianus MK Y55. Fermentation resulted in significant pH reduction and increases in titratable acidity and lactic acid production, particularly in co-cultures involving K. marxianus. However, the effects on antioxidant properties were strongly matrix-dependent, with significant increases in TPC and antioxidant activity observed only in the white variant. Overall, pigmentation and microbial pairing emerged as key determinants of metabolic outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of co-culture fermentation to enhance the bioactive profile of pigment-deficient C. vulgaris, supporting their application in functional foods. Full article
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17 pages, 1517 KB  
Article
Effect of Ultrafine Grinding on the Physicochemical Properties of Tremella fuciformis Powder and Its Aqueous Extracts
by Yuanhui Zhang, Nengpai Shi, Chenjie Yang, Binbin Wu, Kexin Zhang, Shengnan Lin, Xuemei Hou and Xiangyang Lin
Foods 2026, 15(5), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15050877 - 4 Mar 2026
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Abstract
The grinding of Tremella fuciformis is a critical step for its value-added processing and the efficient utilization of its functional components, significantly impacting product quality and process adaptability. This study investigated ultrafine grinding (UFG) as a mechano-physical strategy to improve product quality, systematically [...] Read more.
The grinding of Tremella fuciformis is a critical step for its value-added processing and the efficient utilization of its functional components, significantly impacting product quality and process adaptability. This study investigated ultrafine grinding (UFG) as a mechano-physical strategy to improve product quality, systematically analyzing its impact on physical properties (particle size, powder characteristics, color), extraction efficiency, chemical composition, and rheological behavior compared to conventional grinding (CG). The results revealed that UFG treatment induced an extensive disruption of the matrix, reducing particle size by 91.8% (D90 = 18.18 μm) and significantly increasing specific surface area. Notably, this physical modification directly translated into enhanced processing performance. UFG powder exhibited reduced powder flowability, superior solubility and improved color brightness. This structural degradation proved beneficial for extraction, unlocking a substantially higher yield (60.98–66.48%). Concurrently, the aqueous extracts of UFG powder exhibited more fluid-like rheological characteristics. This study confirms the potential of UFG as an effective pretreatment for the intensive processing of T. fuciformis and indicates its promising application in functional food development and the extraction of bioactive components. Full article
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