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Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control,...
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Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control, and Operation, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2026 | Viewed by 3303

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Omid Beik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Interests: renewable power and energy systems; space power systems; electric propulsion systems; power electronics; electric machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric machines play an important role in modern civilization with increasing applications in the electrification industry (EVs), aerospace, renewable energy systems (such as wind turbines), robotics, automation, and appliances. Each application has specific needs, with the power density, efficiency, fault tolerance, and reliability being among top features sought across different applications. To respond to the increasing needs of electric machines, research on the design, modelling, control, and operation of machines has increased in the past decade. Magnetic design, thermal analyses, new control techniques, and modelling approaches are being studied in different corners of academia and industry.

We have organized this Special Issue to cover all aspects of electric machines, including but not limited to:

  • Design, modelling, control, and operation of electric machines covering all types including induction machines, permanent magnet machines, switch reluctance machines, hybrid machines, and multiphase machines.
  • A wide range of applications, including renewable energy systems (wind turbines), power systems (synchronous generators), hybrid- and all-electric aircrafts, robotics and automation, and appliances.
  • Studies of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical aspects of electric machines as well as packaging and manufacturing.

We are seeking both original research as well as review papers.

Dr. Omid Beik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • control of electric machines
  • electric machine design
  • PM machine
  • PMSM
  • synchronous generators
  • wind turbine generators
  • aerospace machines
  • drives

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 8067 KB  
Article
Verification of Maximum Torque Per Joule Loss Control of a Wound-Rotor Synchronous Machine with Strongly Non-Linear Parameters
by Karel Hruska, Antonin Glac and Ondrej Suchy
Electronics 2025, 14(24), 4924; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244924 - 15 Dec 2025
Viewed by 131
Abstract
This paper presents an analytically derived optimal control strategy for wound-rotor synchronous machines (WRSM) based on minimising the Joule losses in both the stator and rotor windings. The presented control strategy is analysed in terms of analytical derivation, machine current ratios, working regions [...] Read more.
This paper presents an analytically derived optimal control strategy for wound-rotor synchronous machines (WRSM) based on minimising the Joule losses in both the stator and rotor windings. The presented control strategy is analysed in terms of analytical derivation, machine current ratios, working regions and constraints. It is experimentally verified on a salient-pole wound-rotor synchronous machine with strongly non-linear equivalent circuit parameters. The verification was performed in two stages: first, considering constant equivalent circuit parameters while assessing strong non-linear behaviour of the machine leading to significant discrepancies in the resulting machine torque. In the second stage, after determination of non-linear machine parameters using measured flux maps, identical control methodology is analysed in terms of variations in ratios between machine currents. Using pre-calculated current ratios the same control methodology is extended for machines with strongly non-linear equivalent circuit parameters and verified in a real environment. The measurement confirms expected machine behaviour in all available control regions achievable by used synchronous motor as well as limits between these control regions. The results of the verification in a real environment show a discrepancy of approximately 5% in measured machine torque in comparison to expected value confirming the validity of the analytically derived approach and introduced modifications for machines with non-linear equivalent circuit parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control, and Operation, 2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 8618 KB  
Article
Condition Monitoring of Highway Tunnel Fans Motors: Case Studies Based on Experimental Data
by Marcello Minervini, Pedro Huertas-Leyva, Lorenzo Mantione, Lucia Frosini, Giulia Pellegrini, Novella Zangheri and Nicola Savini
Electronics 2025, 14(24), 4809; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244809 - 6 Dec 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Electric induction motors are fundamental to industry, where reliability and continuous operation are critical. Though robust, they are prone to faults, particularly in demanding environments such as highway tunnels. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques are widely used for condition monitoring, yet most studies occur under [...] Read more.
Electric induction motors are fundamental to industry, where reliability and continuous operation are critical. Though robust, they are prone to faults, particularly in demanding environments such as highway tunnels. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques are widely used for condition monitoring, yet most studies occur under controlled laboratory conditions, limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios. This research investigates the feasibility of applying Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) for monitoring highway tunnel axial fan motors, aiming to determine its effectiveness for real-time diagnostics in industrial environments. Measurements were performed under actual operating conditions, highlighting practical challenges. Data acquisition was implemented remotely from electrical cabins feeding tunnel services, reducing installation complexity and costs compared to in-tunnel measurements. This approach enabled monitoring of all motors in a tunnel using minimal hardware (a single acquisition system equipped with Rogowski sensors) making the solution cost-effective and suitable for periodic measurements. Frequency domain analysis focused on harmonics associated with rotor bar defects and eccentricity, selected for their slow degradation and diagnostic relevance. The magnitude of these harmonics was tracked over time and compared across motors of the same model. Since most of the time the ventilators are de-energized, the periodic measurements can be seen almost as a real-time monitoring, at least for the faults considered, with much lower costs. Results were validated against maintenance reports, confirming bearing faults with eccentricity in two motors, while suspected rotor porosity remained unverified, as expected at low severity. Findings demonstrate that MCSA can provide operational insights for fault detection in tunnel environments, supporting predictive maintenance strategies. A key outcome of this study was selecting and implementing an effective measurement setup for industrial applications, while preparing the base for future machine learning integration to estimate Remaining Useful Life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control, and Operation, 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 6165 KB  
Article
Sensitivity-Driven Decomposition for Multi-Objective Magnetic Gear Optimization: A Sobol-Guided Two-Stage Framework
by Bin Zhang, Jinghong Zhao, Yihui Xia, Xiang Peng, Xiaohua Shi and Xuedong Zhu
Electronics 2025, 14(23), 4725; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234725 - 30 Nov 2025
Viewed by 127
Abstract
This paper presents a novel Sensitivity-Guided Two-Stage Optimization (SGTSO) framework for magnetic gear (MG) design, introducing two fundamental methodological advances: (1) the adoption of global Sobol sensitivity analysis, which transcends conventional local sensitivity techniques by holistically quantifying both individual parameter effects and the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel Sensitivity-Guided Two-Stage Optimization (SGTSO) framework for magnetic gear (MG) design, introducing two fundamental methodological advances: (1) the adoption of global Sobol sensitivity analysis, which transcends conventional local sensitivity techniques by holistically quantifying both individual parameter effects and the interactions across the complete design space, and (2) the establishment of a mathematically guaranteed convergent two-stage optimization methodology that strategically decomposes high-dimensional problems into sequential subproblems. Unlike traditional one-factor-at-a-time sensitivity approaches that overlook parameter interdependencies, Sobol indices deliver quantitative evaluation of individual parameter contributions and coupling effects. The two-stage optimization architecture is rigorously proven to converge to near-optimal solutions under weak parameter coupling assumptions, with mathematically derived error bounds The optimized configuration achieves remarkable performance features: 65.4% suppression of inner rotor torque ripple, 27.2% reduction in outer rotor torque ripple, and 19.2% decrease in Permanent Magnet (PM) utilization, while preserving average torque output within a marginal 4.03% reduction. The proposed framework achieves a 5.25-fold enhancement in computational efficiency while maintaining mathematical convergence assurance, marking a substantial progression beyond conventional heuristic optimization paradigms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control, and Operation, 2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 3857 KB  
Article
Design of a Brushless DC Motor Drive System Controller Integrating the Zebra Optimization Algorithm and Sliding Mode Theory
by Kuei-Hsiang Chao, Kuo-Hua Huang and Yu-Hong Guo
Electronics 2025, 14(17), 3353; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14173353 - 22 Aug 2025
Viewed by 869
Abstract
This paper presents a novel speed controller design for a brushless DC motor (BLDCM) operating under field-oriented control (FOC). The proposed speed controller is developed by integrating the zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) with sliding mode theory (SMT). In this approach, the parameter ranges [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel speed controller design for a brushless DC motor (BLDCM) operating under field-oriented control (FOC). The proposed speed controller is developed by integrating the zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) with sliding mode theory (SMT). In this approach, the parameter ranges of the sliding mode dynamic trajectory control gain, exponential reaching gain, and constant speed reaching gain—three key components of the exponential reaching law-based sliding mode controller (ERLSMC)—are defined as the research space for the ZOA. The feedback speed error and its rate of change are used as features to calculate the fitness value. Subsequently, the fitness value computed by the algorithm is compared with the current best fitness value to determine the optimal position coordinates. These coordinates correspond to the optimal set of gain parameters for the sliding mode speed controller. During the operation of the BLDCM, these optimized parameters are applied to the controller in real time. This enables the system to adjust the three gain parameters dynamically under different operating conditions, thereby reducing the overshoot commonly induced by the ERLSMC. As a result, the speed response of the BLDCM drive system can more accurately and rapidly track the speed command. Therefore, the proposed control strategy is not only characterized by a small number of parameters and ease of tuning, but also does not require large datasets for training, making it highly practical and easy to implement. Finally, the proposed control strategy is simulated using Matlab/Simulink (2024b version) and applied to the BLDCM drive system for experimental testing. Its performance is compared against three types of sliding mode controllers employing different reaching laws: the constant speed reaching law, the exponential reaching law, and the exponential reaching law combined with extension theory (ET). Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed novel speed controller outperforms the other three sliding mode controllers based on different reaching laws, both in terms of speed command tracking and load regulation response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control, and Operation, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 8276 KB  
Article
Torque Ripple Suppression Strategy Based on Online Identification of Flux Linkage Harmonics
by Xin Gu, Bingzhi Zhang, Zhiqiang Wang, Xuefeng Jin, Guozheng Zhang and Zhichen Lin
Electronics 2025, 14(11), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14112174 - 27 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1387
Abstract
Permanent magnet flux harmonics in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) can cause torque ripple. Traditional torque ripple suppression methods based on analytical models are highly dependent on the accuracy of motor parameters, while existing flux harmonic identification techniques often suffer from limited precision, [...] Read more.
Permanent magnet flux harmonics in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) can cause torque ripple. Traditional torque ripple suppression methods based on analytical models are highly dependent on the accuracy of motor parameters, while existing flux harmonic identification techniques often suffer from limited precision, compromising the effectiveness of ripple suppression. This paper proposes an online flux harmonic identification method that considers the dead-time effect of inverters. A dead-time compensation algorithm is introduced to effectively mitigate current harmonics induced by inverter dead-time. The current harmonic signals are extracted using a multi-synchronous rotating coordinate system. A harmonic controller is employed to suppress current harmonics, and its output voltage is used to identify the permanent magnet flux harmonics, from which a flux harmonic lookup table is constructed. Based on the identified flux harmonics, the torque ripple suppression strategy using analytical methods is further optimized. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving flux harmonic identification accuracy and reducing torque ripple. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Applications in Electric Machines Design, Modelling, Control, and Operation, 2nd Edition)
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