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Economies
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Economics of Migration
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Economics of Migration

A special issue of Economies (ISSN 2227-7099). This special issue belongs to the section "Labour and Education".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 19105

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marina-Selini Katsaiti

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Guest Editor
Department of Regional and Economic Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Amfissa, Greece
Interests: health economics; obesity; happiness; economic growth; migration
Dr. Maroula Khraiche

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
Interests: economics
Dr. Mrittika Shamsuddin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
Interests: labour; migration; development economics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Migration is an issue facing most global economies. Countries may act as migration sources, as destinations for migrants, or even as mediating ground. The recent Global Financial Crisis, the Arab Spring, and the internal and external conflicts facing several countries today, along with the continuous difficulties facing populations in various parts of the world, have transformed migration into a multidimensional issue with numerous consequences. The increasing interest of researchers in the field of migration in several disciplines has served to verify the existing trends and indicates the need to perform further work to address the issues and suggest informed policies.

In order to develop a better insight into these trends, disciplines such as economics have begun to use microeconomic and macroeconomic theory to analyze the roots and effects of such multifaceted phenomena. In this Special Issue, Economies is inviting researchers and academicians to submit their work related to “Economics of Migration”. Both empirical and theoretical work fit the scope of the Special Issue, with interdisciplinary work highly encouraged.

Dr. Marina-Selini Katsaiti
Dr. Maroula Khraiche
Dr. Mrittika Shamsuddin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Economies is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immigration
  • international migration
  • internal migration
  • forced migration
  • displacement
  • labour migration
  • refugees

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Settlement Intention of Foreign Workers in Japan: Bayesian Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis
by Mi Moe Thuzar, Shyam Kumar Karki, Andi Holik Ramdani, Waode Hanifah Istiqomah, Tokiko Inoue and Chukiat Chaiboonsri
Economies 2025, 13(4), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13040112 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 304
Abstract
This study examines the intentions of foreign workers living in Okayama, Japan, to stay long-term in Japan. Utilizing a Bayesian multinomial logistic regression model, this research provides a novel analytical approach that captures parameter uncertainty and accommodates the categorical nature of migrants’ settlement [...] Read more.
This study examines the intentions of foreign workers living in Okayama, Japan, to stay long-term in Japan. Utilizing a Bayesian multinomial logistic regression model, this research provides a novel analytical approach that captures parameter uncertainty and accommodates the categorical nature of migrants’ settlement intentions using primary data collected via a questionnaire survey from January to March 2024. The findings reveal that residence status, previous experience of living in Japan, and graduation from a Japanese education institution significantly influence long-term settlement intentions. In addition, respondents aged 26–35 intend to stay longer than those of other ages, and those from less developed countries, such as Myanmar and Vietnam, intend to stay longer than those from China. Conversely, highly educated migrants express lower settlement intentions, suggesting a potential loss of skilled foreign labor in Japan. Notably, migrants in the Technical Intern Training Program are more likely to stay longer than those with other residence statuses, such as Highly Skilled Professional. In contrast, workers with higher education levels tend to have less intention to stay long-term, indicating a high probability of Japan losing educated foreign labor in the future. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of migrant workers in Japan, which is crucial for creating policies for foreign workers that can attract and support long-term settlement. These findings have important implications for policy, particularly in enhancing community integration, reducing workplace discrimination, and designing residence pathways that support long-term retention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)
22 pages, 349 KiB  
Article
Private Educational Expenditure Inequality between Migrant and Urban Households in China’s Cities
by Yiwen Chen, Ioana Salagean and Benteng Zou
Economies 2024, 12(10), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12100277 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1442
Abstract
This paper studies households’ expenditure on the education of children in China’s cities to assess how internal migrant families’ investment in the human capital of their offspring differs from that of local urban families. The private education-related expenditure reflects both households’ willingness to [...] Read more.
This paper studies households’ expenditure on the education of children in China’s cities to assess how internal migrant families’ investment in the human capital of their offspring differs from that of local urban families. The private education-related expenditure reflects both households’ willingness to invest in human capital and institutional constraints, as China’s household registration (hukou) system prevents children without a local city hukou from enrolling in urban public schools. In-school fees (consisting of statutory tuition and institutional tuition fees) are commonly topped-up with substantial private tutoring expenditure. We apply multiple regression to the 2008 “Rural–Urban Migration Survey in China” data to analyze the average expenditure differences between temporary migrants, permanent migrants and locals. The findings are, after controlling for social and economic characteristics, that: (1) the overall spending on education of migrant households overwhelmingly exceeds that of locals, which is expected since migrants must finance privately all education-related expenses their children incur; (2) migrant households spend more on institutional tuition fees compared to households with a local city hukou, reflecting the varying severity of administrative hurdles faced by families; and (3) temporary migrants spend more on institutional tuition fees than permanent migrant households, but less in private tutoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)
21 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
Beyond Borders: The Effects of Immigrants on Value-Added Trade
by Bedassa Tadesse and Roger White
Economies 2024, 12(9), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12090222 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2152
Abstract
While the effects of immigrants on aggregate trade flows have been extensively examined, the role of immigrants in shaping trade in value added (TiVA) remains underexplored. Employing a panel dataset covering 38 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member host countries and [...] Read more.
While the effects of immigrants on aggregate trade flows have been extensively examined, the role of immigrants in shaping trade in value added (TiVA) remains underexplored. Employing a panel dataset covering 38 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member host countries and 64 immigrant home countries spanning 2000–2018 and estimating a random intercept and random slope mixed-effects model, we find that immigrants play a significant role in enhancing the value added from their home countries that is embedded in their host countries’ exports to the world. We document these effects at the aggregate level and across sectors (i.e., manufacturing, agriculture, and services). There is, however, considerable variation in the influence of immigrants on TiVA across country pairs. Our findings highlight that immigrants significantly enhance trade sophistication by promoting specialization and upward movement in the value chain, yielding economic benefits for their home and host countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)
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21 pages, 622 KiB  
Article
The Economic Decision of International Migration: Two Empirical Evidences from the United States and Canada
by Jiyoung Park, Seongwoo Lee and Jonghoon Park
Economies 2024, 12(8), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12080214 - 21 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1846
Abstract
This study investigated whether economic motivations are a key factor in international migration decisions. Applying the selectivity-corrected expected income for migrants and stayers, the difference in expected income for an individual in origin and destination countries was analyzed. This study used data from [...] Read more.
This study investigated whether economic motivations are a key factor in international migration decisions. Applying the selectivity-corrected expected income for migrants and stayers, the difference in expected income for an individual in origin and destination countries was analyzed. This study used data from the U.S. and Canada to empirically test the role of income gaps in migration decisions. The main difficulty in analyzing the role of the gaps lies in collecting both income streams for the same individual, since once an individual migrates to a different country, their potential income in the origin country cannot be observed; and vice versa for stayers. Therefore, directly applying the average income of migrants (conditionally relying on their observed characteristics) to estimate the income of stayers if they had migrated results in a biased estimate of stayers’ income. Hence, there is a need to account for selectivity in the migration decision and calculate selectivity-corrected income. The key finding in this study is that the expected income gap is positively associated with, and statistically significant for, international migration decisions for the U.S. and Canada. One of the main reasons may be the easy transfer of labor skills between countries that have similar labor environments and cultural backgrounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)
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32 pages, 2382 KiB  
Article
Can Remittance Promote Tourism Income and Inclusive Gender Employment? Function of Migration in the South African Economy
by Sandra Makwembere, Paul Acha-Anyi, Abiola John Asaleye and Rufaro Garidzirai
Economies 2024, 12(7), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070162 - 26 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2055
Abstract
With globalisation and international trade, remittances and migration significantly influence economic activities, yet their impact on tourism income and gender-specific employment remains under-researched. This study uses autoregressive distributed lags and Granger causality to examine the effects of remittances and migration on tourism income [...] Read more.
With globalisation and international trade, remittances and migration significantly influence economic activities, yet their impact on tourism income and gender-specific employment remains under-researched. This study uses autoregressive distributed lags and Granger causality to examine the effects of remittances and migration on tourism income and employment in South Africa. Three models are established as follows: for aggregate employment, male employment, and female employment, each with equations for tourism income and employment. Key findings from this study indicate that remittances significantly drive tourism income in both the short and long run across all models. Conversely, employment negatively impacts tourism income, hinting at sectoral trade-offs. Migration positively affects tourism income in the short run for male and aggregate models but is insignificant for female employment. Remittances boost male employment in both the short and long run, whereas their impact on female employment is significant only in the long run. Causality analysis shows a bidirectional relationship among employment indicators, with unidirectional causality from remittances to migration and from migration to income. This study recommends policies to support remittance inflows and their productive use in tourism, along with targeted interventions to reduce gender disparities in employment and promote equitable economic opportunities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)
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12 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
CO2 Emissions, Remittances, Energy Intensity and Economic Development: The Evidence from Central Asia
by Bekhzod Kuziboev, Olimjon Saidmamatov, Elbek Khodjaniyazov, Jakhongir Ibragimov, Peter Marty, Davron Ruzmetov, Umidjon Matyakubov, Ekaterina Lyulina and Dilshad Ibadullaev
Economies 2024, 12(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12040095 - 17 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2418
Abstract
Remittances are a crucial part of economic expansion, especially in Central Asia. Nevertheless, it is not possible to ignore its environmental damage. This paper is a pioneer in investigating the association among CO2 emissions, remittances, energy consumption and economic development in Central [...] Read more.
Remittances are a crucial part of economic expansion, especially in Central Asia. Nevertheless, it is not possible to ignore its environmental damage. This paper is a pioneer in investigating the association among CO2 emissions, remittances, energy consumption and economic development in Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) spanning the period of 1995–2022. As a methodology, the FMOLS estimator is applied to check linear impact and long-run association as well. Panel threshold regression model and 2SLS method are applied to examine potential non-linear relations among the studied variables. Hausman–Taylor and Amacurdy estimators are employed to control the endogeneity issue among the variables of interest. The results suggest the existence of a long-run relationship among the studied variables. Precisely, applying the FMOLS method, remittances negatively impact CO2 emissions in the long run. The relationship between CO2 emissions and remittances is distorted when the endogeneity issue is considered with the Panel threshold regression model, 2SLS method, and Hausman–Taylor and Amacurdy estimators. This distortion validates the linear impact of remittances on CO2 emissions in CA. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test shows that all independent variables have a causal effect on the dependent variable, validating the effect of the studied variables. Consequently, decision-makers should facilitate remittances towards more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to prevent the detrimental effects of remittance inflows on carbon emissions in Central Asia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)

Review

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14 pages, 727 KiB  
Review
Understanding Economic Integration in Immigrant and Refugee Populations: A Scoping Review of Concepts and Metrics in the United States
by Mitra Naseh, Jihye Lee, Yingying Zeng, Proscovia Nabunya, Valencia Alvarez and Meena Safi
Economies 2024, 12(7), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070167 - 30 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 7799
Abstract
In an increasingly mobile world, the integration of immigrants and displaced individuals is an important factor in creating cohesive and inclusive societies. Integration has different dimensions; this scoping review examines the conceptualization and measurement of economic integration among immigrants and refugees in the [...] Read more.
In an increasingly mobile world, the integration of immigrants and displaced individuals is an important factor in creating cohesive and inclusive societies. Integration has different dimensions; this scoping review examines the conceptualization and measurement of economic integration among immigrants and refugees in the United States. Quantitative peer-reviewed journal papers measuring or conceptualizing the economic integration of first-generation documented adult immigrants or refugees in the United States, as well as relevant conceptual or theory papers on this topic, were included in the review. The search strategy included an online search of the Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), and EconLit. Additional search strategies included scanning the reference lists of studies identified as relevant in the initial database search. An analysis of 72 studies included in the review using a data extraction table reveals seven key domains of economic integration: income and economic security, employment and occupational categories, assets and use of financial services, neighborhood and housing, health, education, and use of public assistance. Income and economic security emerged as the most common indicators of integration in the reviewed studies. Notably, less than half of the reviewed publications had a multidimensional approach to defining or measuring economic integration, and the majority of studies were focused on immigrants, with a smaller proportion dedicated to refugees. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive frameworks in assessing economic integration among immigrants and refugees, reflecting the multifaceted nature of their economic integration experiences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Migration)
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