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Surface Plasma Treatments
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Surface Plasma Treatments

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Plasma Coatings, Surfaces & Interfaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 51574

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Claudia Riccardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica G.Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
Interests: plasma physics; turbulence; material plasma processings; plasma diagnostics; industrial plasma applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue on “Surface Plasma Treatments”. Plasmas are widely used to modify surface properties without changing the bulk properties. Surface plasma modification permits the change of the intended use of a material or improving its functionalities by introducing new chemical and physical properties on the surface. With the development of engineering and science on the micro/nano scale, precise control of the surface chemical properties and of the morphological properties is becoming increasingly critical in both fundamental scientific research and applied engineering applications, such as energy, environment, biomedicine, food, etc. However a surface invested by a plasma suffers many different competitive processes, thus controlling them is very demanding and challenging. Vast scientific and technological progress has been achieved on this topic by universities and research institutes all around the world. This progress has also been supported by the industrial development of novel characterization and deposition tools. The research in these fields also involves new, upgraded plasma reactors and treatment techniques, and theoretical simulations as well as sophisticated surface characterization. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest experimental and theoretical developments in the field, through a combination of original research papers and review articles from leading groups around the world.

Prof. Dr. Claudia Riccardi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Published Papers (16 papers)

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11 pages, 2381 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Action of Reactive Plasma Particles and UV Radiation to Inactivate Staphylococcus Aureus
by Espedito Vassallo, Matteo Pedroni, Marco Aloisio, Tiziana Silvetti, Stefano Morandi and Milena Brasca
Coatings 2022, 12(8), 1105; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081105 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
The direct application of low-pressure plasma for the decontamination of microorganisms was examined herein. The inactivation efficiency was studied on a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) using a plasma process by means of synergistic action of reactive plasma particles and UV radiation. [...] Read more.
The direct application of low-pressure plasma for the decontamination of microorganisms was examined herein. The inactivation efficiency was studied on a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) using a plasma process by means of synergistic action of reactive plasma particles and UV radiation. N2 was added to an argon/oxygen plasma mixture in order to improve the effectiveness of S. aureus inactivation. It was found that the decontamination mechanism is based on both the chemical sputtering effect due to the plasma particles and the UV emission originating from the NOγ system from NO radicals in the wavelength range 200–300 nm. The best plasma bactericidal activity was found for an N2 percentage of roughly 10–12%. A count reduction of more than 5 log cycles in a few minutes of S. aureus proves the potentiality of an industrial-grade plasma reactor as a decontamination agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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17 pages, 4203 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Nylon 66 to Epoxy Resin EPON 825 by Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas
by Chi-Chin Wu, John Derek Demaree, Amanda Weerasooriya, Andres Bujanda and Eric Jason Robinette
Coatings 2022, 12(7), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070919 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Poly(hexamethylene adipamide), nylon 66, is a popular plastic that requires high surface wettability and strong adhesive bonds for many applications. However, pristine nylon is difficult to bond due to its hydrophobic nature and poor surface wettability. The objective of this work was to [...] Read more.
Poly(hexamethylene adipamide), nylon 66, is a popular plastic that requires high surface wettability and strong adhesive bonds for many applications. However, pristine nylon is difficult to bond due to its hydrophobic nature and poor surface wettability. The objective of this work was to modify the physio-chemical surface properties of nylon 66 via a novel atmospheric plasma surface treatment approach using oxygen (O2) or water vapor (H2O) plasma glow. The surface hydrophilicity of the plasma-treated nylon surface was substantially enhanced immediately after either helium (He)/H2O or He/O2 plasma surface treatment. The average water contact angle was reduced from 65 degrees to ~30 degrees after He/H2O plasma and ~40 degrees after He/O2 plasma treatments. The improved hydrophilicity was also evidenced by the increased intensities of the surface oxygen and hydroxyl bonds in the X-ray photoelectron spectra. The interfacial adhesion strength of nylon surfaces before and after plasma treatment was further evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests of nylon single-joint lap shears bonded with three adhesives, i.e., thermoset epoxy resins EPON 825/ JEFFAMINE D-230 and EPON825/JEFFAMINE D-2000, and the thermoelastic polyurethane adhesive Sikaflex 252. The most significant improvements in bond strengths due to plasma treatment were found for lap shears bonded with the EPON 825/JEFFAMINE D-230 epoxy resin; their shear strengths with maximum loads were more than doubled—from 299–451 to 693–1594 N—after plasma treatment and were further enhanced by a factor of four to 895–1857 N after a subsequent silane treatment. In contrast, the bond strength of lap shears bonded with EPON 825/JEFFAMINE D-2000 and Sikaflex was not significantly improved because of the different a, re-affirming the importance of adhesive bulk properties This work presents the preliminary success of effective surface functionalization leading to enhanced interfacial adhesive bonds for nylon 66 via the development of scalable atmospheric plasma surface treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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12 pages, 4727 KiB  
Article
Optimization of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Anodizing Process in NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 Environmental-Friendly Electrolyte
by Su Pan, Xiaohua Tu, Jianxing Yu, Yang Zhang, Chengping Miao, Yaling Xu, Rui Fu and Jiayou Li
Coatings 2022, 12(5), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050578 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2415
Abstract
The optimization of NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 electrolyte for the plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated through orthogonal tests. The properties of the anodized films were evaluated by film thickness, roughness measurements, salt spray [...] Read more.
The optimization of NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 electrolyte for the plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated through orthogonal tests. The properties of the anodized films were evaluated by film thickness, roughness measurements, salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. The orthogonal tests revealed that the optimal formulation of the electrolyte comprised NaOH 45 g/L, Na2SiO3 50 g/L, and Na2B4O7 90 g/L. NaOH exhibited the most significant effect on film thickness, while Na2SiO3 had the greatest effect on corrosion resistance. Moreover, the optimal electrical parameters were also obtained with the values of current density 1 A /dm2, oxidation time 15 min, pulse frequency 200 Hz and duty cycle of 10%. The surface morphology of the anodized coating formed under optimal conditions was uniform and compact. Furthermore, the phase compositions of all samples were mainly composed of MgO and Mg2SiO4. The corrosion potential, corrosion current density and polarization resistance of the prepared coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation improved remarkably compared with that of the substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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12 pages, 2377 KiB  
Article
Plasma Enhanced-Chemical Vapor Deposition of 2-Isopropenyl-2-Oxazoline to Promote the Adhesion between a Polyethylene Terephthalate Monofilament and the Rubber in a Tire
by Carlo Maria Gaifami, Stefano Zanini, Luca Zoia and Claudia Riccardi
Coatings 2021, 11(6), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060708 - 12 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2606
Abstract
A Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition was chosen in order to deposit an organic thin film on polyethylene terephthalate monofilament to increase its adhesion with the rubber compound in a tire. The aim of the work is to find an alternative “green” method to [...] Read more.
A Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition was chosen in order to deposit an organic thin film on polyethylene terephthalate monofilament to increase its adhesion with the rubber compound in a tire. The aim of the work is to find an alternative “green” method to the classical chemical dipping with Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex: plasma treatments are environmentally friendly and easy to use. 2-isoprepenyl-2-oxazoline (2-iox) was employed as precursor and the treatments were performed in a vacuum system, both in a continuous regime and a pulsed regime. Initially, the coatings were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate sheets to study the wettability (by the measurement of contact angle) and the thickness (by profilometer) of the plasma polymer. The chemical characterization was investigated by Infrared and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopies. Finally, the adhesion of the polyethylene terephthalate sheets was measured by Peel Test, using the coating as adhesive and as a pre-dip. The measurement of the peel force made it possible to optimize the plasma parameters that were applied on the monofilament. The adhesion was estimated by the measure of the extraction force and the evaluation of the coverage compared with those of the classical chemical treatment Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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15 pages, 7117 KiB  
Article
Processing of Spark Plasma Sintered Fe Alloy and Enhancing Its Surface Properties by AlCrN Monolayer Coating by Cathodic Arc Plasma Physical Vapor Deposition Process
by T. Sampath Kumar, A. Raja Annamalai, Muthe Srikanth and Chun-Ping Jen
Coatings 2020, 10(12), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121166 - 28 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
The current investigation observes the outcome of enhancing the surface properties by AlCrN monolayer coating using the cathodic arc plasma method on the Fe–Cu–C–Mo alloys. The compacts were sintered in spark plasma sintering (SPS) with the heat transfer rate of 100 °C/min at [...] Read more.
The current investigation observes the outcome of enhancing the surface properties by AlCrN monolayer coating using the cathodic arc plasma method on the Fe–Cu–C–Mo alloys. The compacts were sintered in spark plasma sintering (SPS) with the heat transfer rate of 100 °C/min at 1120 °C for 5 minutes. The Fe–2Cu–0.8C–0.6Mo sample has the highest relative sintered density (97.20%), hardness (96 HRB), and ultimate tensile strength (1000 MPa) compare with the other sintered compacts. AlCrN coating was deposited on Fe, Fe–2Cu, Fe–2Cu–0.8C, Fe–2Cu–0.8C–0.2Mo, Fe–2Cu–0.8C–0.4Mo, and Fe–2Cu–0.8C–0.6Mo samples, using the cathodic arc plasma–physical vapor deposition (CAP-PVD) process. The coated compact samples’ metallography images were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); the Fe–2Cu alloy sintered sample has obtained a uniform structure with high density and a smaller amount of corrosion penetration rate (0.6579 mmpy) as compared to the counterparts. The phase formed in the AlCrN coating was analyzed using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Fe–2Cu–0.8C–0.6Mo coated compact sample exhibited higher hardness (1134.85 HV0.3) than the other coated compact samples. The Fe–2Cu–0.8C–0.2Mo coated compact sample has proven better corrosion resistance compared to the other coated compact sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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17 pages, 6054 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Porosity, Roughness, Wettability, and Charge of Micro-Arc Coatings on the Efficiency of Doxorubicin Delivery and Suppression of Cancer Cells
by Mariya Borisovna Sedelnikova, Ekaterina G. Komarova, Yurii P. Sharkeev, Valentina V. Chebodaeva, Tatiana V. Tolkacheva, Anastasia M. Kondranova, Alexander M. Zakharenko and Olga V. Bakina
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070664 - 11 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2260
Abstract
Porous calcium phosphate coatings were formed by the micro-arc oxidation method on the surface of titanium for the loading and controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The coatings’ morphology and microstructure were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition was determined [...] Read more.
Porous calcium phosphate coatings were formed by the micro-arc oxidation method on the surface of titanium for the loading and controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The coatings’ morphology and microstructure were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition was determined with the help of X-ray diffraction analysis. Studies of the hydrophilic properties of the coatings and their zeta potential were carried out. Data on the kinetics of doxorubicin adsorption-desorption were obtained. In addition, the effect of calcium phosphate coatings impregnated with doxorubicin on the viability of the Neuro-2a cell line was revealed. The coating formed at low voltages of 200–250 V contained a greater number of branched communicating pores, and therefore they were able to adsorb a greater amount of doxorubicin. The surface charge also contributes to the process of the adsorption-desorption of doxorubicin, but this effect is not fully understood and further studies are required to identify it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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11 pages, 604 KiB  
Article
Polyimide Surface Modification Using He-H2O Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet-Discharge Power Effect
by Essam Abdel–Fattah and Mazen Alshaer
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070662 - 09 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3295
Abstract
The atmospheric pressure He- H 2 O plasma jet has been analyzed and its effects on the Kapton polyimide surface have been investigated in terms of discharge power effect. The polyimide surfaces before and after plasma treatment were characterized using atomic force microscopy [...] Read more.
The atmospheric pressure He- H 2 O plasma jet has been analyzed and its effects on the Kapton polyimide surface have been investigated in terms of discharge power effect. The polyimide surfaces before and after plasma treatment were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle. The results showed that, increasing the discharge power induces remarkable changes on the emission intensity, rotational and vibrational temperatures of He- H 2 O plasma jet. At the low discharge power ≤5.2 W, the contact angle analysis of the polyimide surface remarkably decrease owing to the abundant hydrophilic polar C=O and N–C=O groups as well as increase of surface roughness. Yet, plasma treatment at high discharge power ≥5.2 W results in a slight decrease of the surface wettability together with a reduction in the surface roughness and polar groups concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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15 pages, 10789 KiB  
Article
Effect of Surface Modification on the Primary Stability of Dental Implants by Plasma Oxidation and Storage Treatment
by Fei Sun, Shao-Jie Li, Xin-Chang Li, Lei Wang, De-Chun Ba, Gui-Qiu Song, Chuan-Sheng Sun and Zeng Lin
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070622 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1917
Abstract
Plasma oxidation could produce an oxidized surface, resulting in a graded TiO2−x film layer and significantly improving dental implant hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Unfortunately, these features are gradually lost by the influence of the environment. In this study, alkali storage was used [...] Read more.
Plasma oxidation could produce an oxidized surface, resulting in a graded TiO2−x film layer and significantly improving dental implant hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Unfortunately, these features are gradually lost by the influence of the environment. In this study, alkali storage was used to improve these characteristics at room temperature. Titanium samples were divided into sandblasting acid-etching (SLA), oxidation (SLA samples that were oxidized), and storage (SLA samples that were oxidized and stored in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution) groups. We measured the surface properties of each group, including the roughness, chemical composition, and hydrophilicity of these materials. We investigated the effects of titanium storage on cell responses, including cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation. We also investigated the osseointegration of the stored titanium implants. The results showed that the storage process maintains the superhydrophilic properties of oxidation treatment. Oxidized samples promoted cell responses. The descending order of biocompatibility was storage > oxidation > SLA. Furthermore, oxidation and alkali storage had significant effects on bone growth at the early stage of the implant. These results suggested that alkali storage can suitably maintain the surface characteristics of plasma oxidation, and the combination of oxidation and storage treatment can improve the primary implant stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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13 pages, 3616 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Wettability, Drying and Water Condensation on Polyimide (Kapton) Films Treated by Atmospheric Pressure Air Dielectric Barrier Discharge
by Natalia Khomiakova, Jan Hanuš, Anna Kuzminova and Ondřej Kylián
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070619 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3416
Abstract
In this study, we report on the investigation of influence of air atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge on polyimide (Kapton) films. It is shown that plasma treatment causes a significant increase of Kapton wettability that is connected with alterations of its chemical composition [...] Read more.
In this study, we report on the investigation of influence of air atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge on polyimide (Kapton) films. It is shown that plasma treatment causes a significant increase of Kapton wettability that is connected with alterations of its chemical composition (oxidation) induced by dielectric barrier discharge. Observed variations in the wettability of Kapton were also found to be accompanied by changes in the dynamics of water droplets drying on plasma-treated Kapton, namely by the reduction of the constant contact angle phase of the droplet drying. This effect may be ascribed to the higher surface heterogeneity of plasma-treated Kapton that causes pinning of the edges of drying droplet on the Kapton surface. Finally, the differences in wettability induced by the plasma treatment led to a different way, how the water condensates on the Kapton surface: while the condensing water forms large amount of small droplets on untreated Kapton, much bigger water structures were found on the Kapton exposed to atmospheric plasma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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22 pages, 12208 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Surface Properties and Wear Properties of AISI H11 Steel Treated by Auxiliary Heating Plasma Nitriding
by Hongzhi Yan, Linhe Zhao, Zhi Chen, Xuan Hu and Zhaojun Yan
Coatings 2020, 10(6), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060528 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2762
Abstract
This paper presents an auxiliary heating method to maintain a uniform specimen temperature and precisely control nitriding temperature during plasma nitriding. The surface properties and wear properties of AISI H11 steel treated by auxiliary heating plasma nitriding are investigated. Firstly, the specimens with [...] Read more.
This paper presents an auxiliary heating method to maintain a uniform specimen temperature and precisely control nitriding temperature during plasma nitriding. The surface properties and wear properties of AISI H11 steel treated by auxiliary heating plasma nitriding are investigated. Firstly, the specimens with different diffusion layers and different hardness levels are fabricated through changing the plasma nitriding temperature. Secondly, the surface properties of the plasma-nitrided H11 steel specimens are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, metallographic microscope and microhardness tester. The results show that the surface hardness of the plasma-nitrided specimen is almost twice as high as that of the untreated specimen. The thickness of diffusion layer increases with the increase of nitriding temperature. However, the surface hardness firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the nitriding temperature. Finally, the wear properties of untreated and plasma-nitrided H11 steel specimens are investigated under different friction conditions. The results show that the plasma-nitriding method can significantly improve the wear resistance of AISI H11 steel. The friction coefficient fluctuations of the plasma-nitrided specimens are all lower than those of the untreated specimens. In addition, the wear rates of the plasma-nitrided specimens rise along with load, and reduce along with the sliding speed and friction temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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14 pages, 2041 KiB  
Article
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Plasma Treatment of Medical Grade Poly(methyl methacrylate)
by Stefano Zanini, Antonio Papagni, Luca Vaghi, Baljit Kaur Thatti, Stephen Barton, Neil Williams, Navid Shokri and Claudia Riccardi
Coatings 2020, 10(2), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020135 - 03 Feb 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3598
Abstract
Medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely employed in the fabrication of intraocular lenses (IOLs), but suffers from opacification, a postoperative complication that leads to the failure of the implanted intraocular lenses. The opacification occurs when inorganic-based deposits accumulate on the surface of the [...] Read more.
Medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely employed in the fabrication of intraocular lenses (IOLs), but suffers from opacification, a postoperative complication that leads to the failure of the implanted intraocular lenses. The opacification occurs when inorganic-based deposits accumulate on the surface of the IOL and are prevalent in hydrophilic materials. Here, the surface of medical-grade PMMA has been fluorinated by sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) plasma treatment to increase surface hydrophobicity thus improving the material lifetime in optical applications. Hydrophobic properties of the treated PMMA were investigated by means of contact angle measurements, while chemical modification was assessed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectroscopy. Surface morphological changes due to possible etching effects were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The transparency of the treated PMMA was assessed by UV/VIS spectroscopy. Finally, the influence of the plasma treatment on the inorganic salts deposition was investigated by immersion in Simulated Aqueous Humour (SAH), followed by XPS analysis. The modified samples showed less deposition on the surface than the unmodified sample, moreover, a decrease of the transmittance in the UV-violet range (300–430 nm) was detected, open the possibility of interesting applications of this treatment for the creation of a UV filter in ophthalmic optical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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15 pages, 6536 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of a Thick Crystalline Al2O3 Coating with Insulation and High Thermal Conductivity via Anodic Oxidation and Subsequent Mic Arc Discharge Treatment
by Wei Song, Bailing Jiang and Dongdong Ji
Coatings 2020, 10(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010038 - 01 Jan 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3285
Abstract
Amorphous Al2O3 coating with a thickness of 143 μm was firstly prepared by anodic oxidation, then the amorphous Al2O3 was transformed into crystalline Al2O3 through applying micro arc discharge. The crystal structure of the [...] Read more.
Amorphous Al2O3 coating with a thickness of 143 μm was firstly prepared by anodic oxidation, then the amorphous Al2O3 was transformed into crystalline Al2O3 through applying micro arc discharge. The crystal structure of the Al2O3 coatings was analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer. Results indicated that the coating consisted of amorphous and crystalline Al2O3. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that the coating had a compact structure. The thermal conductivity of the coating was 23.7 W/m·K, which is significantly higher than that of amorphous Al2O3 coating. The total and specific breakdown voltages of the coating were 3.85 kV and 26.92 kV/mm, which is suitable to apply for high power LED heat sink substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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17 pages, 4843 KiB  
Article
On the Icephobic Behavior of Organosilicon-Based Surface Structures Developed Through Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition in Nitrogen Plasma
by Siavash Asadollahi, Masoud Farzaneh and Luc Stafford
Coatings 2019, 9(10), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100679 - 18 Oct 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3792
Abstract
In many regions around the world, atmospheric icing during freezing rains and ice storms can cause severe damage to exposed infrastructure. Subsequently, protective coatings capable of ice accumulation prevention or ice adhesion reduction, often referred to as icephobic coatings, have gained a significant [...] Read more.
In many regions around the world, atmospheric icing during freezing rains and ice storms can cause severe damage to exposed infrastructure. Subsequently, protective coatings capable of ice accumulation prevention or ice adhesion reduction, often referred to as icephobic coatings, have gained a significant amount of interest. In this study, we examine an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet technique for the development of organosilicon-based icephobic coatings on aluminum substrates. Initially, Al-6061 samples are exposed to multiple passes of air plasma treatment at very short jet-to-substrate distances to create a microporous alumina-based surface structure. These surfaces are then used for plasma deposition of superhydrophobic coatings in the same jet with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as the precursor and nitrogen as the plasma gas. Several samples are created with varying plasma precursor flow rates and number of deposition passes. All samples are exposed to three cycles of icing/de-icing to estimate coatings’ stability in aggressive natural conditions. The effects of multiple icing/de-icing cycles on surface chemistry, surface morphology, and wetting behavior is studied. It is shown that the most remarkable mechanism through which icing affects surface properties is coating removal during aggressive de-icing procedure. Finally, the icephobic properties of the most efficient coating (referred to as PT5x3) is further studied through 10 cycles of icing/de-icing, and it is shown that this coating can reduce ice adhesion strength by a factor of at least two for up to nine cycles of icing/de-icing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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9 pages, 3523 KiB  
Communication
Adhesive Hybrid SiO2.01C0.23Hx Nanoparticulate Coating on Polyethylene (PE) Separator by Roll-to-Roll Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
by Yichao Jin, Chaoliang Wang, Nana Yuan, Ke Ding, Yu Xu, Sicheng Qin, Ming Wang, Zhuangchun Wu, Chengran Du, Jianjun Shi and Jing Zhang
Coatings 2019, 9(3), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030190 - 14 Mar 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3776
Abstract
For the ever-increasing demand for highly safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the common sol-gel process provides heat-resistance to separators with an inorganic coating, where the adhesion to the separator is the key to safety and stability. In this paper, we present a SiO2.01 [...] Read more.
For the ever-increasing demand for highly safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the common sol-gel process provides heat-resistance to separators with an inorganic coating, where the adhesion to the separator is the key to safety and stability. In this paper, we present a SiO2.01C0.23Hx-coated polyethylene (PE) separator through a roll-to-roll atmospheric plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (R2R-APECVD) of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)/Ar/O2. The adhesion strength of SiO2.01C0.23Hx-coated PE was tested by peel-off test and found to be higher than that of the commercial Al2O3-coated separator (0.28 N/mm vs. 0.06 N/mm). Furthermore, the SiO2.01C0.23Hx-coated PE separator showed better electrochemical performance in C-rate and long term cycle tests. FTIR, SEM, and XPS analysis indicate that the increased adhesion and electrochemical performance are attributed to the inner hybrid SiO2.01C0.23Hx coating with organic and inorganic components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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8 pages, 1513 KiB  
Article
Contamination Particles and Plasma Etching Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Y2O3 and YF3 Coatings under NF3 Plasma
by Je-Boem Song, Jin-Tae Kim, Seong-Geun Oh and Ju-Young Yun
Coatings 2019, 9(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020102 - 07 Feb 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 8100
Abstract
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and yttrium oxyfluoride (YO0.6F2.1) protective coatings were prepared by an atmospheric plasma spraying technique. The coatings were exposed to a NF3 plasma. After the NF3 plasma treatment, the mass loss [...] Read more.
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and yttrium oxyfluoride (YO0.6F2.1) protective coatings were prepared by an atmospheric plasma spraying technique. The coatings were exposed to a NF3 plasma. After the NF3 plasma treatment, the mass loss of the coatings showed that the etching rate of YO0.6F2.1 was larger than that of the Y2O3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that YO0.5F1.9 was present in the Y2O3 coating, whereas YO0.4F2.2 was present in the YO0.6F2.1 coating. Transmission electron microscope analysis conducted on contamination particles generated during the plasma etching showed that both coatings were mainly composed of YFx. The contamination particles estimated by in-situ particle monitoring sensor revealed that the YO0.6F2.1 compared with the Y2O3 coatings produced 65% fewer contamination particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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8 pages, 3198 KiB  
Letter
Growth of Si3N4 Thin Films on Si(111) Surface by RF-N2 Plasma Nitriding
by Wei-Chun Chen, Sheng Chen, Tung-Yuan Yu, James Su, Hung-Pin Chen, Yu-Wei Lin and Chin-Pao Cheng
Coatings 2021, 11(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010002 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3601
Abstract
Ultra-thin Si3N4 films were grown on Si(111) surface by radio frequency (RF)-N2 plasma exposure at 900 °C with 1–1.2 sccm of a flux of atomic nitrogen. We discuss the effect of various conditions such as N2 flow rate, [...] Read more.
Ultra-thin Si3N4 films were grown on Si(111) surface by radio frequency (RF)-N2 plasma exposure at 900 °C with 1–1.2 sccm of a flux of atomic nitrogen. We discuss the effect of various conditions such as N2 flow rate, nitriding time and RF power on the optical, chemical, and structural properties of a nitrided Si3N4 layer. The optical properties, surface morphology and chemical composition are investigated by using ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross-sectional TEM images show that an RF power of 350 W induced some damage to the Si(111) surface. The thickness of nitrided Si3N4 was measured to be about 5–7 nm. XPS results shown that the binding energy of Si 2p3/2 located at 101.9 ± 0.1 eV is attributed to the Si–N bonds in the Si3N4 compound. Smooth Si3N4 ultra-thin films were obtained at a nitridation time close to 1 h with an RF power of 300 W, with a measured refractive index (n) nearly to 1.88 at 632 nm. The increase in refractive index with decreased RF-plasma power and nitrogen flow rate is probably attributed to the change in the stoichiometry of the film and less surface damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasma Treatments)
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