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Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications
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Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 28915

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shiao-Wen Tsai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Interests: biomaterial modification; hydrogels; cell/drug carriers; hybrid nanoparticles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hsi-Chin Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: biomaterials; nanomedicine; calcium phosphate
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past few decades, medicine, materials, and nanotechnology have developed well in separate tracks, but it is becoming more and more obvious that the determining success factor of a medical device is its surface properties. Every type of medical device, including diagnostic devices, analytical tools, controlled drug delivery systems, in vivo imaging, etc., needs appropriate mechanical properties and durability.

However, the biological response to materials is mainly controlled by the surface properties, such as chemistry, wettability, charge, and even topography. Therefore, retaining the physical properties of a material while modifying the outermost surface to improve the biological response is always the main purpose of surface coating and modification of biomedical devices to develop throughout time.

Thus, in this Special Issue, we cordially invite scientists and academics all over the world to submit original research papers and review articles on the developments and application of surface treatment for biomedical applications.

In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • New generation of biomaterials;
  • Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine;
  • Drug releasing system;
  • Nanotechnology;
  • Biosensor, bioelectronics, and biochips;
  • Artificial organs;
  • Translational medicine;
  • Others.

Prof. Dr. Shiao Wen Tsai
Prof. Dr. Hsi-Chin Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1169 KiB  
Article
Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet-Induced Graft Polymerization of Composite Hydrogel on 3D-Printed Polymer Surfaces for Biomedical Application
by Shu-Chuan Liao, Yu-De Wu and Jhong-Kun Siao
Coatings 2023, 13(2), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020367 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2672
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is currently the most widely used material in 3D printing. PLA has good mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biodegradability, but its surface is hydrophobic and cannot be effectively used. The growth metabolism of attachments, how to increase the strength of [...] Read more.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is currently the most widely used material in 3D printing. PLA has good mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biodegradability, but its surface is hydrophobic and cannot be effectively used. The growth metabolism of attachments, how to increase the strength of PLA with high brittleness, and 3D printing of PLA materials for the biomedical field have always been a topic of research by scientists. This experiment used fused filament fabrication (FFF) to prepare structures. First, the 3D-printed polymer surfaces were treated with an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to make the surface hydrophilic and increase the number of polar functional groups on the surface. Then, UV photo-grafting polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), and hydroxyapatite (HAp) was applied onto the 3D-printed polymer surfaces. The experimental results of the water contact angle for the wettability test show that APPJ-treated and UV-grafted composite hydrogels become hydrophilic to activate the 3D-printed polymer surface successfully. For the in vitro study, the effect of APPJ treatment and composite hydrogel on the viability of osteoblast-like MG63 cells was examined using the Alamar Blue cell viability assay, indicating that biocompatibility has been improved in this study. This method is expected to have potential in the application of bone scaffolds in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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13 pages, 2692 KiB  
Article
A Bioactive Enamel Sealer Can Protect Enamel during Orthodontic Treatment: An In Vitro Study
by Mona Aly Abbassy
Coatings 2022, 12(5), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050550 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2304
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental bioactive enamel resin sealer in protecting the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets against erosion. Methods: Orthodontic brackets (n = 50) were bonded to freshly extracted, sound maxillary premolars using Transbond™ XT Primer [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental bioactive enamel resin sealer in protecting the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets against erosion. Methods: Orthodontic brackets (n = 50) were bonded to freshly extracted, sound maxillary premolars using Transbond™ XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and Transbond Plus Color Change adhesive (3M Unitek, USA). Five experimental groups (n = 10) had the following treatments applied: a resin bioactive sealer with 45S5 bioglass, 35% by weight; a resin sealer without bioactive glass; fluoride; the orthodontic sealer, Opal Seal (Opal-Orthodontics, South Jordan, UT, USA); and, in the control group, an untreated surface. All the specimens were stored for 18 min in 1% citric acid. All the specimens were examined by SEM and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the enamel surfaces covered by the sealers before and after the acid challenge. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected the degree of the experimental resins’ conversion to verify their suitability for clinical use. Results: The percentage of the bioactive resin sealer and Opal Seal groups’ protection against enamel erosion was 100%, which was significantly more than the other groups, p < 0.05. The degree of conversion for the bioactive and unfilled resins was 42.4% ± 3.6% and 48.57% ± 5%, respectively. Conclusion: The bioactive resin sealer and the Opal Seal both protected the enamel from erosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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10 pages, 10904 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris of Root Canal Dentin Layer with WaveOne, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold Rotary File Systems
by Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Azeem Ul Yaqin Syed, Asmat Jamil, Seher Pervaiz Khan, Ahmed A. AlMokhatieb, Abdulaziz Abdulwahed, Khulud A. Al-Aali, Fahim Vohra and Tariq Abduljabbar
Coatings 2022, 12(4), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040451 - 26 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3147
Abstract
Endodontic flare-up or post-operative pain occurs when debris such as necrotic pulp tissue, dentin chips, irrigants, and microorganisms are extruded from the apical foramen intraoperatively into the periradicular tissue during root canal instrumentation. This study compared the amount of apical debris extrusion of [...] Read more.
Endodontic flare-up or post-operative pain occurs when debris such as necrotic pulp tissue, dentin chips, irrigants, and microorganisms are extruded from the apical foramen intraoperatively into the periradicular tissue during root canal instrumentation. This study compared the amount of apical debris extrusion of the root canal dentin layer after using reciprocating and rotary file systems (WaveOne, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Gold). Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors with one canal and closed apex were included in the study. Samples were randomly and equally divided into three groups (n = 20) according to the file systems used for preparation of the root canal. Teeth in the WO group were instrumented by WaveOne, while the PTN group were instrumented by ProTaper Next, and teeth samples in the PTG group were cleaned and shaped by ProTaper Gold. The mean apically extruded debris weight in grams was estimated using the modified Myers and Montgomery experimental model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for the comparison of debris weight in three groups. Post hoc LSD test was applied for pairwise comparison of debris weight. The α value of significance was 0.05. The WO group had significantly lower mean debris weight than the PTN and PTG groups (p = 0.001). Post hoc pairwise comparison revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in mean debris weight between the WO group and PTN group (0.0215 vs. 0.0341, p = 0.001); and the WO group and PTG group (0.0215 vs. 0.0324, p = 0.003). Root canal preparations with different file systems were associated with apical extrusion of the debris from the root canal dentin layer. However, the WaveOne system resulted in a comparatively lower amount of apical debris layer extrusion than the ProTaper Next and ProTaper Gold rotary file systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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11 pages, 11012 KiB  
Article
Studies of Parylene/Silicone-Coated Soft Bio-Implantable Optoelectronic Device
by Gunchul Shin
Coatings 2020, 10(4), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040404 - 19 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4551
Abstract
Optogenetics is a new neuroscience technology, consisting of biological technology that activates a nerve by light and engineering technology that transmits light to the nerve. In order to transmit light to the target nerve, fiber optics or light-emitting devices have been inserted into [...] Read more.
Optogenetics is a new neuroscience technology, consisting of biological technology that activates a nerve by light and engineering technology that transmits light to the nerve. In order to transmit light to the target nerve, fiber optics or light-emitting devices have been inserted into the living body, while the motions or emotions of freely moving animals can be controlled using a wirelessly operated optoelectronic device. However, in order to keep optoelectronic devices small in size and operational for a long time in vivo, the need for a thin but robust protective layer has emerged. In this paper, we developed a protective layer, consisting of Parylene and silicone that can protect soft optoelectronic devices inside saline solution for a long time. A chemical vapor deposited Parylene C film between the polydimethylsiloxane layers showed promising optical, mechanical, and water-barrier properties. We expect that these protective layers can be used as an encapsulation film on bio-implantable devices, including wireless optogenetic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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11 pages, 5042 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Brackets: A New Alternative in the Prevention of White Spots
by Irania Jasso-Ruiz, Ulises Velazquez-Enriquez, Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis, Edith Lara-Carrillo, Victor Hugo Toral-Rizo, Rafael López-Castañares and Raúl Alberto Morales-Luckie
Coatings 2019, 9(8), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080480 - 29 Jul 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4924
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used for their powerful antibacterial effect and their ability to adhere to surfaces due to their size; they are used in different areas of life, mainly in the area of health as medicine. More recently, in dentistry, the synthesis [...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used for their powerful antibacterial effect and their ability to adhere to surfaces due to their size; they are used in different areas of life, mainly in the area of health as medicine. More recently, in dentistry, the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs attracted significant attention due to their antibacterial properties. In this study, the AgNPs were synthesized using the most effective method on different orthodontic brackets (metallic and esthetic) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their antimicrobial effect was tested against the widely used standard human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-negative) and Escherichia coli (Gram-positive). Our results showed that, via a simple chemical method, AgNPs can be synthesized on the surface of orthodontic brackets with good antimicrobial activity and the possibility of reducing dental decay, periodontal disease and white spots generated during orthodontic treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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13 pages, 4529 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Corrosion and Bioactivity Performance of Surface-Treated Ti-20Nb-13Zr Alloys for Orthopedic Applications
by Madhan Kumar Arumugam, Mohamed A. Hussein, Akeem Yusuf Adesina and Nasser Al-Aqeeli
Coatings 2019, 9(5), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050344 - 27 May 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3609
Abstract
The influence of surface treatments on the microstructure, in vitro bioactivity and corrosion protection performance of newly fabricated Ti-20Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloys was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). The TNZ alloy specimens were treated with separate aqueous solutions of NaOH and H2 [...] Read more.
The influence of surface treatments on the microstructure, in vitro bioactivity and corrosion protection performance of newly fabricated Ti-20Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloys was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). The TNZ alloy specimens were treated with separate aqueous solutions of NaOH and H2O2 and with a mixture of both, followed by thermal treatment. The nanoporous network surface structure observed in H2O2-treated and alkali-treated specimens was entirely different from the rod-like morphology observed in alkali hydrogen peroxide-treated specimens. XRD results revealed the formation of TiO2 and sodium titanate layers on the TNZ specimens during surface treatments. The water contact angle results implied that the surface-treated specimens exhibited improved surface hydrophilicity, which probably improved the bioactivity of the TNZ specimens. The in vitro corrosion protection performance of the surface-treated TNZ specimens was analyzed using electrochemical corrosion testing in SBF, and the obtained results indicated that the surface-treated specimens exhibited improved corrosion resistance performance compared to that of the bare TNZ specimen. The in vitro bioactivity of the treated TNZ specimens was assessed by soaking in SBF, and all the investigated treated specimens showed numerous apatite nucleation spheres within 3 days of immersion in SBF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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11 pages, 29786 KiB  
Article
Chemical and Structural Characterization of Sandlasted Surface of Dental Implant using ZrO2 Particle with Different Shape
by Oleg Mishchenko, Vira Filatova, Mykhaylo Vasylyev, Volodymyr Deineka and Maksym Pogorielov
Coatings 2019, 9(4), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040223 - 28 Mar 2019
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 3879
Abstract
The clinical success of dental implantation is associated with the phenomenon of osteointegration. Geometry and topography of the implant surface are critical for the short- and long-term success of an implantation. Modification of the surface of endosseous part of the implant with sandblasting [...] Read more.
The clinical success of dental implantation is associated with the phenomenon of osteointegration. Geometry and topography of the implant surface are critical for the short- and long-term success of an implantation. Modification of the surface of endosseous part of the implant with sandblasting was of special interest for our study. Taking into account the advantages of currently used ceramic abrasives: aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, these materials are able to break down during collision with the treated surface, the possibility of incorporation of their residues into the implant surface, as well as the difficulty of removing these residues. This paper aimed to determine the preferred composition and the shape of the abrasive, as well as the treatment regime for ZrO2 sandblasting modification of the surface of the endosseous part of the dental implant. Tetragonal and cubic solid solutions are based on ZrO2, as an abrasive that is applied for zirconium-niobium alloy sandblasting under different pressures. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, the physical and chemical state of the surface of implants as well as contact angle measurement and cell viability were used to assess surface after sandblasting. The results demonstrate the potential of using granular powders that are based on zirconium dioxide as an abrasive to create a rough surface on endosseous part of dental implants made from zirconium-based alloys. It does not lead to a significant change in the chemical composition of the surface layer of the alloy and it does not require subsequent etching in order to remove the abrasive particles. Based on structural and chemical characterization, as well as on cell viability and contact angle measurement, sandblasting by tetragonal ZrO2 powder in 4 atm. and an exposure time of 5 s provided the best surface for dental implant application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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Review

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11 pages, 265 KiB  
Review
The Influence of Scaffold Interfaces Containing Natural Bone Elements on Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
by Adhisankar Vadivelmurugan and Shiao-Wen Tsai
Coatings 2022, 12(12), 1888; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121888 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
Bone has the capacity to repair damage and reproduce itself, but if the defect is too large, a scaffold is needed to promote regeneration. Recently, researchers have developed numerous approaches to promote bone reformation, such as the direct delivery of bioactive molecules, guided [...] Read more.
Bone has the capacity to repair damage and reproduce itself, but if the defect is too large, a scaffold is needed to promote regeneration. Recently, researchers have developed numerous approaches to promote bone reformation, such as the direct delivery of bioactive molecules, guided tissue regeneration membranes, and creating osteoinduction/osteoconduction surfaces. The surface of a medical device is the first contact area for a biological system; therefore, the interactions between biological fluids and the surface of the implant determine the performance of the implant. Well-designed surface physical and chemical properties, such as topography, net charge, components, and hydrophilicity, enhance cell attachment and proliferation. Various surface modification technologies and methods have been studied to enhance cellular expression. This review selects scaffold materials that are FDA-approved and have been widely used in the clinic and focuses on recent studies of surface modification with hydroxyapatites and collagen, which are the main components of the bone matrix, for the enhancement of bone regrowth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Coating for Biomedical Applications)
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