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Coatings
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Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces
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Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 18552

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mattia Merlin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering (DE), University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: microstructural characterization; mechanical properties; heat treatments; aluminum alloys; surface engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Annalisa Fortini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/E, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: metallography; surface modification; heat treatments; tribology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce to you the Special Issue of Coatings, dedicated to the "Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces", and to invite you to submit your valuable contribution.

The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. Several attempts have been made to challenge the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products. Engineered surfaces are expected to offer enhanced characteristics in order to tackle surface degradation, and thus improve the performance and reliability of the metal components.

This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the latest developments in this field, through both original research papers and review articles.

In particular, topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Advances in the processing and structural analysis of coatings on metals;
  • Influence of substrate and surface engineering techniques on the mechanical and microstructural properties of components;
  • Novel coatings and treatments of surfaces for improving the performance of metals (i.e., wear, corrosion and creep resistance, and fatigue life);
  • Interaction between the service conditions and surface damage mechanisms of components.

Dr. Mattia Merlin
Dr. Annalisa Fortini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 171 KiB  
Editorial
Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces
by Mattia Merlin and Annalisa Fortini
Coatings 2021, 11(8), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080875 - 22 Jul 2021
Viewed by 1598
Abstract
The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces)

Research

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17 pages, 13243 KiB  
Article
Microstructural and Erosive Wear Characteristics of a High Chromium Cast Iron
by Annalisa Fortini, Alessio Suman, Alessandro Vulpio, Mattia Merlin and Michele Pinelli
Coatings 2021, 11(5), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050490 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3469
Abstract
Surface material loss due to erosive wear is responsible for the increased cost of maintenance and downtime in industries. Hence, hardfacing is one of the most valuable and effective techniques employed to improve the wear resistance of heavy-duty components. The present paper investigates [...] Read more.
Surface material loss due to erosive wear is responsible for the increased cost of maintenance and downtime in industries. Hence, hardfacing is one of the most valuable and effective techniques employed to improve the wear resistance of heavy-duty components. The present paper investigates the microstructural and erosive wear characteristics of a hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron, considering the erosion resistance, resulting from the impact of micro-sized particles, of both as-received and heat-treated conditions. Micro-sized particles involve the erosion-resistant characteristics of carbide and matrix, contemporary. Due to this, the enhancement of the matrix strength could improve the mechanical support to withstand cracking deformation and spalling. Accordingly, the effect of a destabilization heat treatment on the microstructure was firstly investigated by hardness tests, X-ray diffraction analyses, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Specifically designed erosive tests were carried out using a raw meal powder at an impingement angle of 90°. The resulting superior wear resistance of the heat-treated samples was relayed on the improved matrix microstructure: consistent with the observed eroded surfaces, the reduced matrix/carbides hardness difference of the heat-treated material is pivotal in enhancing the erosion resistance of the hardfacing. The present results contribute to a better understanding of the microstructure–property relationships concerning the erosive wear resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces)
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15 pages, 4458 KiB  
Article
Microcracks Reduction in Laser Hardened Layers of Ductile Iron
by Eduardo Hurtado-Delgado, Lizbeth Huerta-Larumbe, Argelia Miranda-Pérez and Álvaro Aguirre-Sánchez
Coatings 2021, 11(3), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030368 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2578
Abstract
A study of surface hardening of Ductile Iron (DI) with and without austempering heat treatment was developed. The chemical composition of the material contains alloying elements such as Cu and Ni, that allow to obtain a Ductile Iron Grade 120-90-02, based on ASTM [...] Read more.
A study of surface hardening of Ductile Iron (DI) with and without austempering heat treatment was developed. The chemical composition of the material contains alloying elements such as Cu and Ni, that allow to obtain a Ductile Iron Grade 120-90-02, based on ASTM A536, which was heat treated to be transformed to Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). Specimens of 10 × 10 × 5 mm3 were obtained for application of surface hardening by Nd:YAG UR laser of 150 W maximum power. The parameters used were advance speed of 0.2 and 0.3 mm/s and power at 105, 120, 135 and 144 W; the departure microstructures were fully pearlitic in the samples without heat treatment, and ausferrite for austempered samples. Microstructural characterization of hardened samples was performed were analyzed and martensite and undissolved carbides were identified in the pearlitic samples, while in ausferrite samples it was found finer martensite without carbides. The depth of hardened surface to different conditions and their respective microhardness were measured. The results indicate that the surface hardening via laser is a suitable method for improving wear resistance by means of hardness increment in critical areas without compromising the core ductility of DI components, but the surface ductility is enhanced when the DI is austempered before the laser hardening, by the reduction of surface microcracks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces)
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16 pages, 35339 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Co-Deposition of SiC Sub-Micron Particles and Heat Treatment on Wear Behaviour of Ni–P Coatings
by Donya Ahmadkhaniha, Lucia Lattanzi, Fabio Bonora, Annalisa Fortini, Mattia Merlin and Caterina Zanella
Coatings 2021, 11(2), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020180 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2231
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of SiC particles and heat treatment on the wear behaviour of Ni–P coatings when in contact with a 100Cr6 steel. Addition of reinforcing particles and heat treatment are two common methods to increase [...] Read more.
The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of SiC particles and heat treatment on the wear behaviour of Ni–P coatings when in contact with a 100Cr6 steel. Addition of reinforcing particles and heat treatment are two common methods to increase Ni–P hardness. Ball-on-disc wear tests coupled with SEM investigations were used to compare as-plated and heat-treated coatings, both pure and composite ones, and to evaluate the wear mechanisms. In the as-plated coatings, the presence of SiC particles determined higher friction coefficient and wear rate than the pure Ni–P coatings, despite the limited increase in hardness, of about 15%. The effect of SiC particles was shown in combination with heat treatment. The maximum hardness in pure Ni–P coating was achieved by heating at 400 °C for 1 h while for composite coatings heating for 2 h at 360 °C was sufficient to obtain the maximum hardness. The difference between the friction coefficient of composite and pure coatings was disclosed by heating at 300 °C for 2 h. In other cases, the coefficient of friction (COF) stabilised at similar values. The wear mechanisms involved were mainly abrasion and tribo-oxidation, with the formation of lubricant Fe oxides produced at the counterpart. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces)
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13 pages, 9013 KiB  
Article
Influence of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on Fatigue Behaviour of ZK60A-T5 Magnesium Alloy
by Alessandro Morri, Lorella Ceschini, Carla Martini and Alessandro Bernardi
Coatings 2020, 10(12), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121180 - 2 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4205
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are used in the motorsport and aerospace fields because of their high specific strength. However, due to their low corrosion resistance, protective surface treatments, such as conversion coating or electroless plating, are necessary when they are used in humid or corrosive [...] Read more.
Magnesium alloys are used in the motorsport and aerospace fields because of their high specific strength. However, due to their low corrosion resistance, protective surface treatments, such as conversion coating or electroless plating, are necessary when they are used in humid or corrosive environments. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), followed by the deposition of a polymeric layer by powder coating, on the rotating bending fatigue behaviour of the wrought magnesium alloy ZK60A-T5. The specimens were extracted from forged wheels of racing motorbikes and were PEO treated and powder coated. Microstructural characterization was carried out by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse both the bulk material and the multilayer, consisting of the anodic oxide interlayer with the powder coating top layer (about 40 µm total thickness). Rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out to obtain the S–N curve of PEO-treated specimens. The results of the rotating bending tests evidenced fatigue strength equal to 104 MPa at 106 cycles and 90 MPa at 107 cycles. The results of the investigation pointed out that PEO led to a reduction in fatigue strength between 14% and 17% in comparison to the untreated alloy. Fracture surface analyses of the fatigue specimens, carried out by SEM and by 3D digital microscopy, highlighted multiple crack initiation sites at the interface between the PEO layer and substrate, induced by the concurrent effects of coating defects, local tensile stresses in the substrate, and increased roughness at the substrate–coating interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces)
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Review

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11 pages, 471 KiB  
Review
HVOF Cermet Coatings to Improve Sliding Wear Resistance in Engineering Systems
by Giovanni Straffelini and Matteo Federici
Coatings 2020, 10(9), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090886 - 14 Sep 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3511
Abstract
High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) cermet coatings are widely employed in sliding conditions, due to their optimized microstructure, composed of a carbide phase embedded into a ductile metal matrix. In the present short review, the characteristics and mechanical properties of HVOF cermet coatings are considered, [...] Read more.
High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) cermet coatings are widely employed in sliding conditions, due to their optimized microstructure, composed of a carbide phase embedded into a ductile metal matrix. In the present short review, the characteristics and mechanical properties of HVOF cermet coatings are considered, and the dry sliding behaviour of the main types of coatings is analysed at room and high temperature. The role of microstructural parameters, including defects, surface roughness and the nature of the counterface is discussed. The review also considers a specific application, namely HVOF coatings for discs in brake applications. This application is gaining in importance, since it reduces the wear of the braking components and thus the emission of airborne particulate matter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces)
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