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Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in Inflammatory Diseases, Pioneering Precision Medicine Solutions, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 329

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hector A. Cabrera-Fuentes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UNAM-UABJO Research Center, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
Interests: basic science and clinical research in organ protection against acute ischaemia/reperfudion injury with a special focus on cardiac protection and acute inflammation and remodeling; basic science and translational research in atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Klaus T. Preissner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Heart Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Interests: innate immune processes in host-pathogen interactions; inflammation; wound healing; thrombosis; cardiovascular diseases; lung disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Deindl

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
2. Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152 Munich, Germany
3. Institute of Surgical Research, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
Interests: cardiovascular research; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammatory diseases, ranging from autoimmune disorders to chronic inflammatory conditions, pose significant challenges to global health. The complexity of inflammation involves intricate molecular pathways, including immune system dysregulation, cytokine signaling and oxidative stress, which vary among individuals and disease states. Advances in molecular biology and precision medicine are unlocking new insights into these mechanisms, offering the potential for highly targeted and effective therapies. This Special Issue aims to delve into the molecular mechanisms that drive inflammatory diseases, with a focus on identifying novel therapeutic targets and pathways. By exploring innovative therapeutic approaches—such as biologics, small molecules, gene therapies and personalized treatment regimens—this Special Issue will shed light on the future of inflammation treatment through precision medicine. We invite submissions that provide groundbreaking research, clinical studies and reviews on molecular drivers of inflammation, disease biomarkers and personalized therapeutic strategies that hold the potential to transform patient outcomes in inflammatory diseases.

You can read the publications in the first volume of this Special Issue here:

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cimb/special_issues/64WAEHH553

Prof. Dr. Hector A. Cabrera-Fuentes
Prof. Dr. Klaus Preissner
Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Deindl
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammatory diseases
  • autoimmune disorders
  • cytokine signaling
  • oxidative stress
  • therapies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 412 KB  
Article
Host Immunogenetic Profile Modulates Susceptibility to Apical Periodontitis in a Colombian Population
by Ingrid Giraldo-Quiceno, Natalia Andrea Torres-Calvo, Andrés Felipe Ayala-Jaramillo, Christina Garcés, Sandra Catalina Garzón-Castaño, Beatriz Giraldo-Ospina, Nora Elena Valencia-Marroquín, Carlos Manuel Beltrán-Díaz, Iván Alberto Lopera-Castrillón and Carlos Andrés Naranjo-Galvis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48010107 - 20 Jan 2026
Viewed by 137
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease influenced by complex interactions between microbial factors and host immune response. Although genetic susceptibility has been implicated in AP, evidence is limited, particularly in admixed populations. This exploratory study aimed to assess whether functional polymorphisms [...] Read more.
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease influenced by complex interactions between microbial factors and host immune response. Although genetic susceptibility has been implicated in AP, evidence is limited, particularly in admixed populations. This exploratory study aimed to assess whether functional polymorphisms in MMP1 (rs1799750), IL10 (rs1800872), and IL17A (rs7747909) are associated with susceptibility to radiographically defined AP in a Colombian population. A case–control design was employed, including individuals with radiographic evidence of AP and controls without periapical lesions. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan® assay. The association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and AP was evaluated using a dominant inheritance model. Effect sizes were estimated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. The MMP1 rs1799750 polymorphism was associated with increased susceptibility to AP (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.40–8.58; FDR = 0.013). Similarly, the IL10 rs1800872 variant was significantly associated with AP risk (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.52–5.91; FDR = 0.007). The strongest association was observed for IL17A rs7747909 (OR = 8.95, 95% CI = 3.61–22.15; FDR < 0.001). This exploratory candidate-gene study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that genetic variations in MMP1, IL10, and IL17A may contribute to susceptibility to AP in the Colombian population. Given the exploratory design, modest sample size, and absence of ancestry adjustment or functional validation, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed in larger ancestry-informed cohorts integrating host genetic and microbial data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in Inflammatory Diseases, Pioneering Precision Medicine Solutions, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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19 pages, 1138 KB  
Review
Interleukin Signatures as Prognostic Biomarkers in Ulcerative Colitis: From Immune Pathways to Clinical Prediction
by Nikolaos Martinos, Andreas C. Lazaris, Christos Kroupis, Georgios Kranidiotis and Georgia-Eleni Thomopoulou
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(2), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020140 - 27 Jan 2026
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by substantial heterogeneity in histologic activity, which is frequently uncoupled from clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings. Persistent microscopic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of relapse, therapeutic failure, and long-term disease [...] Read more.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by substantial heterogeneity in histologic activity, which is frequently uncoupled from clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings. Persistent microscopic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of relapse, therapeutic failure, and long-term disease outcomes, underscoring the need for molecular frameworks that align directly with tissue-level immune dysregulation. Interleukins (ILs) represent central regulators of mucosal immunity in UC, integrating innate and adaptive immune responses that govern epithelial injury and resolution. In this narrative review, we synthesize mechanistic, translational, genetic, and clinical evidence examining IL networks associated with histologic disease activity and persistence. Particular emphasis is placed on IL-23-driven inflammatory pathways, which consistently align with histologic severity, sustained microscopic inflammation, and resistance to immune resolution. In contrast, preserved IL-10-mediated regulatory signaling characterizes histologic remission and effective mucosal healing, whereas its insufficiency permits ongoing tissue-level inflammation. Downstream effector ILs, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A, are discussed as mediators translating upstream immune imbalance into neutrophil recruitment and epithelial injury. Throughout this review, the term “prognostic” is used to denote alignment with histologic disease behavior rather than validated prediction of clinical outcomes. Collectively, the evidence supports the concept that coordinated IL patterns reflect distinct immunopathologic states underlying microscopic inflammation in UC, providing a biologically coherent framework for interpreting histologic activity and disease persistence beyond symptom-based assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in Inflammatory Diseases, Pioneering Precision Medicine Solutions, 2nd Edition)
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