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Chemosensors
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Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection
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Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrochemical Devices and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2025) | Viewed by 5351

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Balasubramanian Sriram

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Interests: environmental contaminants monitoring; electrochemical sensor; photocatalysis; deep eutectic solvents; advanced functional nanomaterial synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled “Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection”, focuses on the development and application of cutting-edge electrochemical biosensor technology in environmental monitoring and analysis. Electrochemical biosensors are powerful tools that combine the specificity of biological recognition elements with the sensitivity of electrochemical transducers to detect and quantify various environmental analytes. This Special Issue explores a wide range of topics, including sensor design, fabrication, electrode material and optimization, as well as their utilization for the detection of pollutants, pathogens, and other environmental contaminants. The research articles to be published in this Special Issue should delve into the advances of sensor materials, immobilization techniques, and signal amplification methods, contributing to the development of highly selective and sensitive biosensors for environmental monitoring. These biosensors play a critical role in ensuring environmental safety, sustainable resource management, and the protection of ecosystems.

Dr. Balasubramanian Sriram
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical biosensors
  • environmental monitoring
  • sensor design
  • sensor fabrication
  • analyte quantification
  • environmental contaminants
  • sensor materials
  • biological recognition elements
  • immobilization techniques
  • signal amplification

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 18692 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO2 Nanostructures for Electrochemical Detection of H2O2 in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Under Salt Stress and Remediation with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
by Irena Mihailova, Marina Krasovska, Eriks Sledevskis, Vjaceslavs Gerbreders, Jans Keviss, Valdis Mizers, Inese Kokina, Ilona Plaksenkova, Marija Jermalonoka and Aleksandra Mosenoka
Chemosensors 2025, 13(7), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13070256 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 305
Abstract
This study presents the development of a TiO2 nanowire-based electrochemical sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under neutral pH conditions, with a particular focus on its application in analyzing plant stress. The sensor [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of a TiO2 nanowire-based electrochemical sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under neutral pH conditions, with a particular focus on its application in analyzing plant stress. The sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0–0.5 mM, a sensitivity of 0.0393 mA · mM−1, and a detection limit of 2.8 μM in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, pH 7.4). This work’s main novelty lies in the systematic investigation of the relationship between TiO2 nanostructure morphology, which is controlled by hydrothermal synthesis parameters, and the resulting sensor performance. Interference studies confirmed excellent selectivity in the presence of common electroactive species found in plant samples, such as NaCl, KNO3, glucose, citric acid, and ascorbic acid. Real sample analysis using barley plant extracts grown under salt stress and treated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles confirmed the sensor’s applicability in complex biological matrices, enabling accurate quantification of endogenously produced H2O2. Endogenous H2O2 concentrations were found to range from near-zero levels in control and Fe3O4-only treated plants, to elevated levels of up to 0.36 mM in salt-stressed samples. These levels decreased to 0.25 and 0.15 mM upon Fe3O4 nanoparticle treatment, indicating a dose-dependent mitigation of stress. This finding was supported by genome template stability (GTS) analysis, which revealed improved DNA integrity in Fe3O4-treated plants. This study takes an integrated approach, combining the development of a nanostructured sensor with physiological and molecular stress assessment. The urgent need for tools to detect stress at an early stage and manage oxidative stress in sustainable agriculture underscores its relevance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection)
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14 pages, 2832 KiB  
Article
Novel Solid-Phase Bioassay Kit with Immobilized Chlorella vulgaris Spheres for Assessing Heavy Metal and Cyanide Toxicity in Soil
by Fida Hussain, Suleman Shahzad, Syed Ejaz Hussain Mehdi, Aparna Sharma, Sandesh Pandey, Woochang Kang and Sang-Eun Oh
Chemosensors 2025, 13(6), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13060193 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 617
Abstract
Heavy metal and cyanide contamination in soil presents serious environmental and ecological concerns due to their persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity to soil biota. In this study, a novel solid-phase direct contact bioassay kit was developed using immobilized Chlorella vulgaris spheres to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Heavy metal and cyanide contamination in soil presents serious environmental and ecological concerns due to their persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity to soil biota. In this study, a novel solid-phase direct contact bioassay kit was developed using immobilized Chlorella vulgaris spheres to evaluate the toxicity of soils contaminated with mercury (Hg2+), silver (Ag+), copper (Cu2+), and cyanide (CN−). The assay was designed using 25 mL glass vials in which algal spheres were directly exposed to spiked soils for 72 h without the need for pollutant extraction. Oxygen evolution in the headspace was measured as the primary endpoint, alongside optical density and chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) to assess photosynthetic inhibition. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity and reproducibility, with strong correlations (R2 > 0.93) between oxygen evolution and optical density. EC50 values based on oxygen evolution were 4.43, 4.18, 3.10, and 61.3 mg/kg for Hg2+, Ag+, CN−, and Cu2+, respectively, and 7.8, 7.4, 2.9, and 29.7 mg/kg based on optical density. The relatively higher EC50 for copper was attributed to its biological role as an essential micronutrient. OJIP transient profiles supported the observed photosynthetic inhibition, particularly under Hg2+, Ag+, and CN− exposure. The present study overcomes the limitations of conventional chemical analyses by providing a rapid, low-cost, and ecologically relevant tool for direct soil toxicity assessment, with potential applications in environmental monitoring and contaminated site evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection)
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16 pages, 6729 KiB  
Article
A Practical Approach to Triclosan Detection: A Novel Y2O3@GCN-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Sensitive and Selective Detection in Environmental and Consumer Products
by Aleksandar Mijajlović, Miloš Ognjanović, Vesna Stanković, Tijana Mutić, Slađana Đurđić, Branka B. Petković and Dalibor M. Stanković
Chemosensors 2024, 12(12), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12120272 - 19 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
This study presents the development of a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of triclosan (TSC) on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and doped with yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3). The [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of triclosan (TSC) on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and doped with yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3). The materials and proposed electrode were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified sensor exhibited significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards TSC compared to the unmodified CPE. The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range, which was obtained using square wave voltammetric method (SWV), with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.137 µM and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.455 µM. The sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity towards TSC in the presence of various interfering substances. The practical applicability of the sensor was evaluated through real-sample analysis, where it was successfully used to determine TSC levels in tap water and toothpaste samples. The sensor demonstrated high recovery rates and minimal matrix effects, indicating its suitability for real-world applications. In conclusion, the developed CPE/Y2O3@GCN sensor offers a promising approach for the sensitive, selective, and reliable detection of triclosan in environmental and consumer products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection)
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14 pages, 6481 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermally Synthesized Cerium Phosphate with Functionalized Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposite for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Hypoxanthine
by Prashant K. Kasare and Sea-Fue Wang
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12050084 - 16 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1574
Abstract
This work presents the detection of hypoxanthine (HXA), a purine derivative that is similar to nucleic acids who overconsumption can cause health issues, by using hydrothermally synthesized cerium phosphate (CePO4) followed by a sonochemical approach for CePO4 decorated with a [...] Read more.
This work presents the detection of hypoxanthine (HXA), a purine derivative that is similar to nucleic acids who overconsumption can cause health issues, by using hydrothermally synthesized cerium phosphate (CePO4) followed by a sonochemical approach for CePO4 decorated with a functionalized carbon nanofiber (CePO4@f-CNF) nanocomposite. The formation of the nanocomposite was confirmed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). A CePO4@f-CNF nanocomposite is used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to analyze the electrochemical detection of HXA. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to examine the electrochemical properties of the composite. As a result, the modified electrode exhibits a larger active surface area (A = 1.39 cm2), a low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.23 µM, a wide linear range (2.05–629 µM), and significant sensitivity. Therefore, the CePO4@f-CNF nanocomposite was used to study the real-time detection in chicken and fish samples, and it depicted significant results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Detection)
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