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Cancers
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Advances in Cancer Glycobiology
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Advances in Cancer Glycobiology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 February 2024) | Viewed by 7896

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dietrich Büsselberg

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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
Interests: tumor biology; metal toxicity; cellular pain modulation; anti-cancer drugs; natural compounds; phytochemicals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Samson Mathews Samuel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
Interests: angiogenesis; autophagy; breast cancer; cancer (glucose) metabolism; cancer stem cells; diabetes; epithelial-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (EMT/MET); endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; metformin; therapeutic resistance; tumor microenvironment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
Interests: pharmacology; molecular biology; chronic diseases
Prof. Dr. Peter Kubatka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: cancer, chemoprevention; treatment, animal models; plant functional foods; phytochemicals; cell signaling; epigenetics of cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As per the data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cancers remain a leading cause of death, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 alone and contributing to excessive social and economic burdens around the globe. Unarguably, both cancer research and modern medicine have made significant advancements in predicting cancer risk, early detection, and diagnosis. However, unfortunately, modern medicine is short of new and targeted therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment. There remains an unmet need to develop strategies for cancer prevention, early detection and diagnosis, and targeted and personalized treatment for the benefit of those already affected. Additionally, the need for preventive, personalized, precision medicine (3P medicine) and therapeutics tailored to treat patients on a case-by-case basis are becoming increasingly important in modern medicine.

Many cancers have been linked to ‘sugar’ in different aspects in the recent past. While diabetes/high blood sugar increases the risk and progression of several cancers, alterations in carbohydrate/sugar metabolism in cancers were linked to the progression of neoplasticism, acquired drug resistance, invasion, metastasis, and cancer relapse. Other critical aspects are the loss of expression or excessive expression of certain ‘glycans’ (complex cell surface sugars), their interactions with various proteins (aberrant glycosylation reactions), and increased expression of incomplete or truncated glycans and expression of novel glycans. They were associated with cancer progression, chemoresistance, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, in cancers, glycosylation and novel glycoconjugates were used as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

In this regard, contributions to this Special Issue will span, but are not limited to: (1) advances in the identification of the underlying role of glycoconjugates and their alterations in various tumors; (2) the molecular mechanisms that involve glycan/glycoconjugate modifications and their role in various aspects of tumor development, progression, EMT, invasion, metastasis and cancer relapse; (3) the use of glycoconjugate alterations found in neoplastic tissues as diagnostic and prognostic markers; and (4) novel cancer therapeutic strategies that target glycan/glycoconjugate modifications and support the 3P concept of modern medicine.

Prof. Dr. Dietrich Büsselberg
Dr. Samson Mathews Samuel
Prof. Dr. Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
Prof. Dr. Peter Kubatka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer chemoprevention
  • cancer relapse
  • cancer stem cells
  • drug design and delivery
  • drug re-purposing
  • drug resistance
  • epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
  • glycoproteins
  • glycosylation
  • glycosyltransferases
  • oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species
  • therapeutic resistance
  • tumor biomarkers
  • tumor metabolism
  • tumor microenvironment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1631 KiB  
Article
Exploratory Assessment of Galectin-1, -3, and -9 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Hayden Shuster, Avery Funkhouser, Lorie Allen, Moonseong Heo, Julie C. Martin, W. Jeffery Edenfield and Anna V. Blenda
Cancers 2024, 16(6), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061165 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 641
Abstract
Galectins play a pivotal role in lung cancer oncogenic pathways, influencing apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Biomarkers that diagnose, prognose, and guide cancer treatment are crucial, with galectins having the biomarker potential for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), [...] Read more.
Galectins play a pivotal role in lung cancer oncogenic pathways, influencing apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Biomarkers that diagnose, prognose, and guide cancer treatment are crucial, with galectins having the biomarker potential for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we assessed serum galectin-1, -3, and -9 levels in NSCLC patients. A retrospective chart review was performed to examine patient demographics, cancer stage, tumor biology, cancer treatment, and patient outcomes. Galectin levels were then compared across these factors. In this exploratory analysis, galectin-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (p = 0.0019) and in patients exposed to chemotherapy (p = 0.0375). Galectin-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with previous metastasis but had no correlation with future metastasis. Abnormal galectin-1 levels were significantly correlated with decreased overall survival (OS) in NSCLC (p = 0.0357) and specifically in patients with surgically resectable NSCLC (p = 0.0112). However, abnormal galectin-1 levels were not found to correlate with decreased OS in multivariable analysis (p = 0.0513). These findings may have clinical implications as galectin-3 inhibitors are in trials for NSCLC. Additionally, they suggest that galectin-1 has potential as a prognostic marker for surgically resectable NSCLC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Glycobiology)
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15 pages, 945 KiB  
Article
Serum Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Sabina Galiniak, Marek Biesiadecki, Mateusz Mołoń, Patrycja Olech and Krzysztof Balawender
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3995; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153995 - 07 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1126
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be a factor in the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The identification of the oxidative and nitrosative modification of proteins and the definition of their roles in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) may be helpful in [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is believed to be a factor in the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The identification of the oxidative and nitrosative modification of proteins and the definition of their roles in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) may be helpful in the elaboration of targeted therapeutic approaches to mitigate protein damage. This study aimed to investigate the status of oxidative/nitrosative stress and to explore its role in the development and progression. The studied group consisted of 48 newly diagnosed ccRCC and 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of oxidative stress markers—advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiol groups, Amadori reaction products, 3-nitrotyrosine, nitrate/nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)—were determined. Additionally, associations between tumour stage assessed according to TNM classification, histological grade, and the effect of the presence of angioinvasion on the level of stress markers were evaluated. The levels of Amadori products, 3-nitrotyrosine, and nitrate/nitrite were elevated, while the levels of thiol groups and TAC decreased in the ccRCC group. The levels of AOPP, Amadori, and 3-nitrotyrosine increased, and thiol groups and TAC levels decreased with the increasing pathological stage of the tumour. In the case of advanced histological assessment of the tumour, we found decreasing levels of thiol groups and increasing levels of MDA. In patients with angioinvasion, nitrate/nitrite and MDA levels were significantly elevated compared to those in patients without angioinvasion. Oxidative stress increased with the progression of the disease assessed according to the TNM and histological grade. These results demonstrate systemic oxidative stress in ccRCC, suggesting the therapeutic application of antioxidants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Glycobiology)
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12 pages, 3370 KiB  
Article
Pattern Analysis of Serum Galectins-1, -3, and -9 in Breast Cancer
by Avery Funkhouser, Hayden Shuster, Julie C. Martin, W. Jeffery Edenfield and Anna V. Blenda
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3809; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153809 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1206
Abstract
Galectins have been shown to have roles in cancer progression via their contributions to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and the evasion of immune destruction. This study analyzes galectin-1, -3, and -9 serum concentrations in breast cancer patients through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against [...] Read more.
Galectins have been shown to have roles in cancer progression via their contributions to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and the evasion of immune destruction. This study analyzes galectin-1, -3, and -9 serum concentrations in breast cancer patients through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the characteristics of the patient and the tumor such as stage, molecular subtype, and receptor expression. Galectin-9 was found to be statistically significantly increased in HER2-enriched tumors and reduced in patients with hormone-receptor-positive tumors. Galectin-1 was found to be statistically significantly increased in the serum of patients who had undergone hormonal, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy. These findings provide insight into the changes in galectin levels during the progress of cancer, the response to treatment, and the molecular phenotype. These findings are valuable in the further understanding of the relationships between galectin and tumor biology and can inform future research on therapeutic targets for galectin inhibitors and the utility of galectin biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Glycobiology)
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Review

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23 pages, 3313 KiB  
Review
Flavonoids’ Dual Benefits in Gastrointestinal Cancer and Diabetes: A Potential Treatment on the Horizon?
by Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq, Alena Mazurakova, Peter Kubatka and Dietrich Büsselberg
Cancers 2022, 14(24), 6073; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246073 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
Diabetes and gastrointestinal cancers (GI) are global health conditions with a massive burden on patients’ lives worldwide. The development of both conditions is influenced by several factors, such as diet, genetics, environment, and infection, which shows a potential link between them. Flavonoids are [...] Read more.
Diabetes and gastrointestinal cancers (GI) are global health conditions with a massive burden on patients’ lives worldwide. The development of both conditions is influenced by several factors, such as diet, genetics, environment, and infection, which shows a potential link between them. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables. Once ingested, unabsorbed flavonoids reaching the colon undergo enzymatic modification by the gut microbiome to facilitate absorption and produce ring fission products. The metabolized flavonoids exert antidiabetic and anti-GI cancer properties, targeting major impaired pathways such as apoptosis and cellular proliferation in both conditions, suggesting the potentially dual effects of flavonoids on diabetes and GI cancers. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of flavonoids on diabetes and GI cancers in four significant pathways. It also addresses the synergistic effects of selected flavonoids on both conditions. While this is an intriguing approach, more studies are required to better understand the mechanism of how flavonoids can influence the same impaired pathways with different outcomes depending on the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Glycobiology)
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21 pages, 2083 KiB  
Review
Insights into the Role of Sialylation in Cancer Metastasis, Immunity, and Therapeutic Opportunity
by Jianmei Huang, Jianming Huang and Guonan Zhang
Cancers 2022, 14(23), 5840; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235840 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2572
Abstract
Sialylation is an enzymatic process that covalently attaches sialic acids to glycoproteins and glycolipids and terminates them by creating sialic acid-containing glycans (sialoglycans). Sialoglycans, usually located in the outmost layers of cells, play crucial biological roles, notably in tumor transformation, growth, metastasis, and [...] Read more.
Sialylation is an enzymatic process that covalently attaches sialic acids to glycoproteins and glycolipids and terminates them by creating sialic acid-containing glycans (sialoglycans). Sialoglycans, usually located in the outmost layers of cells, play crucial biological roles, notably in tumor transformation, growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. Thus, a deeper comprehension of sialylation in cancer will help to facilitate the development of innovative cancer therapies. Cancer sialylation-related articles have consistently increased over the last four years. The primary subjects of these studies are sialylation, cancer, immunotherapy, and metastasis. Tumor cells activate endothelial cells and metastasize to distant organs in part by the interactions of abnormally sialylated integrins with selectins. Furthermore, cancer sialylation masks tumor antigenic epitopes and induces an immunosuppressive environment, allowing cancer cells to escape immune monitoring. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes develop different recognition epitopes for glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. Therefore, targeting tumor-derived sialoglycans is a promising approach to cancer treatments for limiting the dissemination of tumor cells, revealing immunogenic tumor antigens, and boosting anti-cancer immunity. Exploring the exact tumor sialoglycans may facilitate the identification of new glycan targets, paving the way for the development of customized cancer treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Glycobiology)
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