Gynecologic Cancer: Risk Factors, Interception and Prevention

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2024 | Viewed by 830

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
Interests: breast cancer prevention; ovarian cancer prevention; endometrial cancer prevention; cervical cancer prevention; HPV; prevention/interception clinical trials

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
Interests: ovarian cancer prevention; endometrial cancer prevention; BRCA1/2 mutations; cancer genetics; gynecologic cancer prevention/interception clinical trials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Gynecologic cancers, including ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers, account for approximately 100,000 new cases and over 30,000 deaths per year in the US. The prevention and interception of these cancers would greatly impact outcomes and significantly reduce mortality rates. For ovarian cancer, screening in the general population is not considered effective, and therefore most cases of this cancer are diagnosed at a late stage with a poor survival rate. Endometrial cancer incidence and mortality is markedly increasing in recent years, due in large part to increasing obesity rates. Cervical cancer has had the benefit of the availability of both screening and prevention. Equity in the dissemination and implementation of these prevention and screening methods is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. These opportunities and challenges related to the diagnosis and high mortality of these gynecologic cancers emphasize the importance of identifying women at higher risk for these cancer types, and providing prevention/interception interventions to decrease the incidence and improve outcomes.

Dr. Brandy Heckman-Stoddard
Dr. Goli Samimi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • ovarian cancer
  • endometrial cancer
  • cervical cancer
  • HPV
  • cancer prevention
  • gynecologic cancer risk reduction
  • gynecologic cancer interception
  • gynecologic cancer clinical trials

Published Papers (1 paper)

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15 pages, 2157 KiB  
Systematic Review
Imiquimod Is Effective in Reducing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Balázs Hamar, Brigitta Teutsch, Eszter Hoffmann, Péter Hegyi, Andrea Harnos, Péter Nyirády, Zsombor Hunka, Nándor Ács, Ferenc Bánhidy and Zsolt Melczer
Cancers 2024, 16(8), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16081610 - 22 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Introduction: Topical Imiquimod is an immune response modifier approved for the off-label use of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of Imiquimod in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients. [...] Read more.
Introduction: Topical Imiquimod is an immune response modifier approved for the off-label use of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of Imiquimod in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients. Methods: The study was prospectively registered (CRD420222870) and involved a comprehensive systematic search of five medical databases on 10 October 2022. We included articles that assessed the use of Imiquimod in cervical dysplasia and HPV-positive patients. Pooled proportions, risk ratios (RRs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model to generate summary estimates. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 tested by the Cochran Q tests. Results: Eight articles reported on 398 patients who received Imiquimod out of 672 patients. Among CIN-2–3 patients, we observed a pooled regression rate of 61% (CI: 0.46–0.75; I2: 77%). When compared, Imiquimod was inferior to conization (RR: 0.62; CI: 0.42–0.92; I2: 64%). The HPV clearance rate in women who completed Imiquimod treatment was 60% (CI: 0.31–0.81; I2: 57%). The majority of side effects reported were mild to moderate in severity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that topical Imiquimod is safe and effective in reducing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and promoting HPV clearance. However, it was found to be inferior compared to conization. Imiquimod could be considered a potential medication for high-grade CIN patients and should be incorporated into guidelines for treating cervical dysplasia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Cancer: Risk Factors, Interception and Prevention)
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