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12 pages, 3953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Using High-Strength Reinforcement in the Seismic Performance of a Tall RC Shear Wall Building

by Juan Puentes, Pablo F. Parra, Carolina E. Magna-Verdugo, Patricio Cendoya and Siva Avudaiappan

Buildings 2023, 13(4), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040960 - 4 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1079

Abstract

Chile’s reinforced concrete (RC) design is based on ACI 318-08, where high-strength reinforcement is not allowed in seismic force-resistant members. In 2019, new requirements adopted by ACI 318 permitted the incorporation of high-strength reinforcement in walls. This study compared the seismic performance of [...] Read more.

Chile’s reinforced concrete (RC) design is based on ACI 318-08, where high-strength reinforcement is not allowed in seismic force-resistant members. In 2019, new requirements adopted by ACI 318 permitted the incorporation of high-strength reinforcement in walls. This study compared the seismic performance of two Chilean 20-story residential buildings on soft soil, one designed with traditional Grade 60 and the other with high-strength Grade 80 reinforcement. The performance was assessed in terms of the probability of exceeding the ASCE 41 limit states during a 50-year lifecycle. Analyses showed that both buildings had similar seismic performance. However, the reduction in reinforcement in the Grade 80 building was close to 18%. It is concluded that using high-strength reinforcement in a typical wall building implies a significant reduction in the reinforcement used without affecting the seismic performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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16 pages, 4881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Simplified Method for Evaluating the Diaphragm Flexibility for Frame-Shear Wall Structure under Earthquake Load

by Yuan Huang, Xiaoli Zhang, Lizhuan Wang and Xiaofang Hu

Buildings 2023, 13(2), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020376 - 29 Jan 2023

Viewed by 3066

Abstract

The rigid floor assumption is commonly used in structural design, but it is not applicable to buildings with a large plane aspect ratio. This study designed nine frame-shear wall structures with the story of 3, 6, and 12, with a plane aspect ratio [...] Read more.

The rigid floor assumption is commonly used in structural design, but it is not applicable to buildings with a large plane aspect ratio. This study designed nine frame-shear wall structures with the story of 3, 6, and 12, with a plane aspect ratio of 2, 3.33, and 4. Based on the design results, the finite element models were set up by ETABS. Both the rigid diaphragm and the flexible diaphragm cases were considered in each model. The effect of elastic diaphragm deformation on structural seismic performance was investigated, including fundamental period, top displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear force. The results indicate that the diaphragm deformation on 3-story structures is more significant than that on 6-story and 12-story structures. The diaphragm in-plane deformation increases with the aspect ratio. On the basis of the analysis results, a simplified formula to calculate the internal force amplification factor and a quantitative assessment method for evaluating the diaphragm flexibility were proposed, which can provide a reference for engineering design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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20 pages, 7628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Shear-Lag Effect of Steel–UHPC Ribbed Slab Composite Structures Using Bar Simulation Method

by Chengjun Tan, Yufei Zhang, Hua Zhao, Bin Zhang and Tie Du

Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1884; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111884 - 4 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1472

Abstract

Recently, Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) has attracted increasing attention in civil engineering. Numerous steel–UHPC composite structures have been constructed around the world. The proper consideration of the shear-lag effect has a significant influence on the safety of structures. In view of the shear-lag [...] Read more.

Recently, Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) has attracted increasing attention in civil engineering. Numerous steel–UHPC composite structures have been constructed around the world. The proper consideration of the shear-lag effect has a significant influence on the safety of structures. In view of the shear-lag effect of steel–UHPC ribbed slab composite structure (SU-RSCS) in the elastic stage, a theoretical calculation model based on the bar simulation method is first developed. Then, the feasibility and accuracy of that are verified using both experimental data and numerical simulation. Moreover, many factors (including width-to-span ratio, the ratio of rib height to UHPC layer thickness, the ratio of rib width to rib spacing, and the number of transverse ribs) are parametrically investigated to further investigate the structural shear-lag effect using the proposed method. In addition, the orthogonal analysis is applied to determine the sensitivity of each parameter to the shear-lag effect. The parametric interactions are also considered. At last, the comparison between calculation results of the proposed method and specifications are discussed. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately predict the shear-lag effect on SU-RSCSs in the elastic stage. It is also found that the width-to-span ratio has a great influence on the structural shear-lag effect, while the number of transverse ribs has no significant influence on that. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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26 pages, 12567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Performance and Design of the Fully Assembled Precast Concrete Frame with Buckling-Restrained Braces

by Yuan Huang, Qiming Wu and Tuo Tang

Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1818; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111818 - 31 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2083

Abstract

Although precast concrete structures have been widely used in building engineering, their application in moderate- and high-seismic zones is restricted because of poor lateral performance. This study proposed a fully assembled precast concrete frame with buckling-restrained braces (PCF-BRB) to simplify construction and enhance [...] Read more.

Although precast concrete structures have been widely used in building engineering, their application in moderate- and high-seismic zones is restricted because of poor lateral performance. This study proposed a fully assembled precast concrete frame with buckling-restrained braces (PCF-BRB) to simplify construction and enhance seismic performance. A nonlinear finite element model of the PCF-BRB was established using ETABS to investigate the feasibility of its use in seismic regions. The accuracy and rationality of the analysis model were verified by existing experimental data. Furthermore, the seismic performance, including plastic hinge development, internal force distribution, maximum inter-story drift, and energy dissipation, of the PCF-BRB was evaluated through static pushover analysis and dynamic time history analysis. The analysis results showed that the PCF-BRB has good seismic performance. Finally, this study provided a recommended seismic performance factor for design, namely the stiffness ratio of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) to the frame (k, defined later) for the PCF-BRB structure. It is recommended that the stiffness ratio range of low-rise PCF-BRB structures should be 1.5 ≤ k ≤ 3.0, and that of high-rise PCF-BRB structures should be 3.0 ≤ k ≤ 4.0. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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14 pages, 4560 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reinforced Concrete Corbels Shear Test: The Triangular-Truss Method Evaluation

by Yuan Huang, Bing Han and Wenmeng Yin

Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101619 - 5 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2247

Abstract

In this paper, five reinforced concrete double-corbel specimens with the same designed bearing capacity are produced according to the triangular-truss method (TTM) in GB 50010-2010. Corbels with different dimensions and reinforcement configurations are obtained by separately varying the concrete compressive strength and shear [...] Read more.

In this paper, five reinforced concrete double-corbel specimens with the same designed bearing capacity are produced according to the triangular-truss method (TTM) in GB 50010-2010. Corbels with different dimensions and reinforcement configurations are obtained by separately varying the concrete compressive strength and shear span. The differences in the mechanical performance and load-bearing capacity of the corbels are compared to evaluate the accuracy and rationality of the TTM under specific variables. Then, the accuracy in predicting the load-bearing capacity of GB 50010-2010, ACI 318-19, EC 2, CSA A23.3-04, the softened strut-and-tie method, and the Russo strut-and-tie method is compared. The results show that the safety factor (ratio of the actual bearing capacity to the designed bearing capacity) of the TTM is increased from 1.419 to 1.718 when the concrete strength is improved from 20.8 MPa to 65.3 MPa; the safety factor of the TTM is increased from 1.414 to 1.859 when the shear span–depth ratio is increased from 0.25 to 0.67. Compared to GB 50010-2010, ACI 318-19, and EC 2, the predictions of CSA A23.3-04 for corbels are closer to the test values. The safety level of codes GB 50010-2010, ACI 318-19, and EC 2 is essentially the same; both the SSTM and the Russo STM are accurate in the predictions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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20 pages, 7462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Lap-Spliced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Beam Based on Bond–Slip

by Zhenming Xu, Yuan Huang and Rui Liang

Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081257 - 17 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1863

Abstract

In this paper, 3D finite element simulations were conducted for lap-spliced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) beams using ABAQUS software. Based on the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model, the plastic damage factor was introduced to simulate the material properties of UHPC. The nonlinear characteristics of [...] Read more.

In this paper, 3D finite element simulations were conducted for lap-spliced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) beams using ABAQUS software. Based on the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model, the plastic damage factor was introduced to simulate the material properties of UHPC. The nonlinear characteristics of the steel bar and UHPC were considered, and the bond–slip constitutive relationship was selected to evaluate the bond–slip between the lap-spliced steel bar and UHPC. The simulated load–deflection curve, peak load, bond strength, and failure mode were in good agreement with the experimental results. The verified finite element model was used to analyze the parameters of the lap-spliced UHPC beam. The effects of lap-spliced steel bar diameter, stirrup spacing of non-lap segment, and shear span ratio on the mechanical properties and bond properties of the lap-spliced UHPC beam were studied. This study can provide a reference for the future simulation and design of lap-spliced UHPC beams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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12 pages, 3071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagonal Tension Cracking Strength and Risk of RC Deep Beams

by Hui Chen, Wei-Jian Yi and Ke-Jing Zhou

Buildings 2022, 12(6), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060755 - 1 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1686

Abstract

This study focuses on the shear serviceability of simple and continuous reinforced concrete deep beams. The test results of 81 simple deep beams (i.e., simply supported single-span deep beams) and 29 continuous deep beams, for which their diagonal tension cracking loads were reported, [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the shear serviceability of simple and continuous reinforced concrete deep beams. The test results of 81 simple deep beams (i.e., simply supported single-span deep beams) and 29 continuous deep beams, for which their diagonal tension cracking loads were reported, were collected from existing studies. On this basis, the diagonal tension cracking mechanism is discussed, and four existing models for diagonal tension cracking are evaluated. The evaluation results show the existing models fail to accurately reflect the influences of the main design parameters (including the shear span-to-effective depth ratio and main tensile reinforcement ratio) on the diagonal tension cracking strength. Therefore, a new equation for the diagonal tension cracking strength for simple and continuous deep beams is proposed. The proposed equation is verified to be superior to the existing models, showing an average value and a coefficient of variation for tested-to-predicted diagonal tension cracking strength ratios of 1.02 and 0.21, respectively. On the other hand, a probabilistic analysis is conducted to evaluate the diagonal tension cracking risk under service load, showing that 35% of deep beams exhibited a diagonal tension cracking load that is less than the service load, which indicated that diagonal cracks easily occur in RC deep beams under service loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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Review

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23 pages, 10707 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Bond-Slip Behavior between Rebar and UHPC: Analysis of the Proposed Models

by Yuan Huang and Yuming Liu

Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1270; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051270 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1998

Abstract

With superior mechanical properties and workability, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been utilized extensively in engineering projects. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the bond behavior of UHPC or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), researchers studied the factors influencing the bond-slip between rebar and UHPC [...] Read more.

With superior mechanical properties and workability, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been utilized extensively in engineering projects. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the bond behavior of UHPC or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), researchers studied the factors influencing the bond-slip between rebar and UHPC or UHPFRC over the past few years. The literature-proposed ultimate bond strength formulas and the bond-slip constitutive model between rebar and UHPFRC are analyzed and compared. Based on the bond test database of UHPFRC, the results indicate that UHPFRC strength, relative concrete cover thickness, relative bond length, and steel fiber volume content are the primary parameters influencing the ultimate bond strength between rebar and UHPFRC. In the bond-slip constitutive model, the nonlinear ascending and linear descending model is more accurate than other models. This paper concludes by discussing the shortcomings in UHPC or UHPFRC bond research and predicting the future research trend. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

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