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Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement
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Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 15736

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiangbo Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Highway School, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
Interests: geotechnical engineering; tunnel engineering
Dr. Peng Sha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, No. 508, Huanchengxi Road, Shaoxing, China
Interests: progressive failure of brittle rock; EDZ characteristics of rock mass in both tunnel and slope; application of UAV photogrammetry for quantitative characterization of rock mass
Prof. Dr. Zhi-Feng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Highway, Changan University, Xi’an 710064, China
Interests: geotechnical engineering; tunnelling engineering; ground Improvement; grouting
Dr. Jiangshan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Interests: polluted soil; leaching action; solute migration; heavy metal pollution; environmental protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Song Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
Interests: nature-based solution to cope with climate change; sustainable barrier systems for pollution control in waste disposal facilities using recycled wastes; energy harvesting and storage systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, the stability of building structures has become a matter of great concern. Foundation treatment, as one of the important means of improving the stability of buildings, is crucial to securing the safety of buildings. In the process of foundation treatment, multiple factors such as geological conditions, building characteristics, and foundation treatment methods should be considered comprehensively. Through appropriate foundation treatment methods, the bearing capacity of the foundation can be improved and the stable connection between the building and the foundation can be increased, thereby enhancing the performance of the building structure.

This Special Issue of Buildings, entitled “Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement” will provide an overview of existing knowledge on new methods of foundation treatment and building structure performance enhancement. We invite authors to submit original research, theoretical and experimental work, case studies, and comprehensive review papers for possible publication. Topics relevant to this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following subjects:

  • New methods for foundation treatment and enhancing the performance of building structures;
  • Low-carbon foundation treatment and building structural performance enhancement technology;
  • Innovative and sustainable foundation treatment and building structural materials;
  • Digital methods applied to foundations and building structures;
  • Performance evaluation of foundations and building structures;
  • Reliability and maintenance engineering of foundations and building structures;
  • Intelligent monitoring of foundations and building structures;
  • The application of intelligent integrated machinery in foundation treatment and building structures.

Dr. Jiangbo Xu
Dr. Peng Sha
Prof. Dr. Zhi-Feng Wang
Dr. Jiangshan Li
Dr. Song Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • foundation treatment technology
  • structural performance enhancement
  • low-carbon technology
  • intelligent and digital engineering
  • intelligent machinery
  • building materials
  • safety and stability
  • engineering applications of new materials

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5092 KiB  
Article
Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Alluvial Silty Sand Embankment Under Vehicle Loads
by Tangtang Qiu, Junwen Chen, Ying Zhang, Jiang Shen and Xiabing Yue
Buildings 2025, 15(8), 1375; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081375 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 187
Abstract
This article takes alluvial silty sand in the alluvial plain area as the research object. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, finite element simulation, and on-site testing, the engineering characteristics of alluvial silty sand under traffic loads, as well as the feasibility of [...] Read more.
This article takes alluvial silty sand in the alluvial plain area as the research object. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, finite element simulation, and on-site testing, the engineering characteristics of alluvial silty sand under traffic loads, as well as the feasibility of using alluvial silty sand as roadbed filling material in practical engineering, are systematically expounded on for the first time. The research results indicate that the influence of vehicle speed on the distribution and depth of dynamic stress is relatively small, while the moisture content (optimal 7.8%) and compaction degree (>94%) are the key factors determining the performance of the roadbed. Specifically, the displacement at the top of the roadbed varies with changes in moisture content. An increase in compaction degree is beneficial for reducing settlement and enhancing the stability of the roadbed. Through comparative analysis of finite element simulation and on-site testing, it was found that although the initial settlement of alluvial silt filling is large, the settlement rate is fast and can stabilize in a short period of time. Its long-term performance can still meet engineering requirements. Research has shown that alluvial silt can be used as an economical and reasonable roadbed filling material, but in practical applications, strict control of moisture content and compaction degree is required to optimize roadbed performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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15 pages, 16494 KiB  
Article
Experimental Analysis of the Slurry Diffusion Behavior Characteristics of Point Source Grouting and Perforated Pipe Grouting in Sandy Soil
by Liuxi Li, Chao Deng, Yuan Chen, Zhichao Xu, Wenqin Yan and Yi Zhou
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071133 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 212
Abstract
Grouting technology is widely used in foundation treatment to achieve the uplifting and correction of buildings. In this context, analyzing the slurry diffusion mechanism and the resulting behavioral characteristics is crucial for guiding precise engineering design practices. This study utilized an independently developed [...] Read more.
Grouting technology is widely used in foundation treatment to achieve the uplifting and correction of buildings. In this context, analyzing the slurry diffusion mechanism and the resulting behavioral characteristics is crucial for guiding precise engineering design practices. This study utilized an independently developed grouting model testing system to conduct grouting experiments on sandy soil employing diverse grouting methodologies and infiltration diffusion patterns. The objectives were to elucidate the characteristics of grouting pressure, lifting displacement, and stress variations within the sandy soil. The findings indicate that slurry diffusion in sandy soil typically progresses through three distinct stages, exhibiting a cyclic pattern of “compaction–splitting–compaction”. We observed that the slurry diffusion pattern closely aligns with the trend of uplift displacement changes. Furthermore, a general downward trend was observed in the stress attenuation of sand during the grouting process. Marked disparities exist in the slurry diffusion mechanism and stress characteristics between point source and perforated pipe grouting. These research outcomes contribute significantly to advancing the theoretical understanding and experimental design of grouting techniques in sandy soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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12 pages, 4497 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Strength Characteristics of Organic-Matter-Contaminated Red Soil in Yulin
by Jinbin Long, Hangyu Yan, Haofeng Zhou, Zhigao Xie and Bai Yang
Buildings 2025, 15(6), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060853 - 9 Mar 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
In order to study the strength characteristics of organic-matter-contaminated red soil and the improvement effects of different modifiers, the red soil in the Yulin area was taken as the research object, and triaxial compression tests were carried out to study the effects of [...] Read more.
In order to study the strength characteristics of organic-matter-contaminated red soil and the improvement effects of different modifiers, the red soil in the Yulin area was taken as the research object, and triaxial compression tests were carried out to study the effects of different mass fractions (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) of organic matter (sodium humate) on the strength characteristics of red soil. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were carried out to study the improvement effects of different amounts of lignin, fly ash, and xanthan gum on organic-matter-contaminated red soil (organic matter content of 8%). The results of the tests showed that the cohesion and internal friction angle of red soil both tended to decrease with the increase in organic matter content. When the organic matter content increased from 0% to 8%, the cohesion of the red soil decreased from 60.98 kPa to 40.07 kPa, a decrease of 34.29%; and the internal friction angle decreased from 17.42° to 7.28°, a decrease of 58.21%. The stress–strain relationship curves of organic-matter-contaminated red soil all show a hardening type. Under different confining pressures, as the organic matter content increased, the shear strength of the red soil decreased continuously. The unconfined compressive strength of organic-matter-contaminated red soil increased with the increase in lignin content, and increased first and then decreased with the increase in fly ash content and xanthan gum content. Through comparative analysis, it was found that the fly ash with a content of 15% had the best improvement effect. The lignin-amended red soil enhanced the connection of soil particles through reinforcement, reduced pores, and improved soil strength. Fly ash improved the acidification reaction, and the hydrates filled the pores and enhanced the soil strength. Xanthan gum improved the red soil by absorbing water and promoting microbial growth, further enhancing the bonding force between soil particles. This study can provide a reference for engineering construction and red soil improvement in red soil areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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20 pages, 6714 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Trenchless Treatment Technology of Differential Settlement of In-Service Highway Subgrade in Deep Soft Soil Area
by Jianqiang Xu, Tiangong Zhang, Shasha Zhang, Mengjie Wang, Xiaohua Yang and Feng Xu
Buildings 2025, 15(4), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15040537 - 10 Feb 2025
Viewed by 535
Abstract
The highway network is densely distributed in the southeast coast of China. Highway subgrades passing through soft soil areas often produce large settlements, resulting in pavement cracking, bridgehead jumping, and other diseases. In order to study the effect of three trenchless treatment technologies [...] Read more.
The highway network is densely distributed in the southeast coast of China. Highway subgrades passing through soft soil areas often produce large settlements, resulting in pavement cracking, bridgehead jumping, and other diseases. In order to study the effect of three trenchless treatment technologies of oblique jet grouting pile (JGP), lateral displacement limiting pile (LDLP), and load reducing pipe (LRP), centrifugal model tests were carried out under three treated conditions and without treatment. Based on the data of pore water pressure and settlement in the range of the half embankment model and outside the embankment, the settlement characteristics of highway soft soil foundation during the test simulation were studied, and the characteristics of different treatment methods were compared. The high level of pore water pressure corresponds to the rapid development of settlement. The average settlement during the existing operation period accounts for 96.7% of the total settlement of the simulation period, and the settlement does not converge. The methods can effectively inhibit the development of settlement, and each has its own characteristics: the LRP method does not involve foundation treatment, so its settlement characteristics are closest to that without treatment. The LDLP method can obviously limit the settlement within the embankment range and the pore water dissipation. The JGP method enhances the synergistic deformation ability of the embankment and significantly decreases the differential settlement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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17 pages, 6416 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Transverse Shear Characteristics of Shear-Yielding Bolts and Traditional Bolts Based on Numerical Simulations and Direct Shear Tests
by Jianqiang Xu, Xiaohua Yang, Xueming Jia, Haoyu Zhang and Tiangong Zhang
Buildings 2024, 14(12), 4066; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14124066 - 21 Dec 2024
Viewed by 811
Abstract
The shear-yielding bolt is a new type of anchoring structure, and its working mechanism in layered rocks is not yet well understood. To investigate its transverse shear characteristics, this paper takes the shear-yielding bolt as the research subject and uses different anchoring states [...] Read more.
The shear-yielding bolt is a new type of anchoring structure, and its working mechanism in layered rocks is not yet well understood. To investigate its transverse shear characteristics, this paper takes the shear-yielding bolt as the research subject and uses different anchoring states of bolts as variables. A comparative study of shear-yielding bolts and traditional bolts is conducted using the Abaqus numerical simulation software and large-scale direct shear tests. The results show that (1) low-modulus material allows a slight displacement between the structural surface layers, which exerts the friction strength between rock mass layers and avoids stress concentration on the bolt. The shear-yielding bolts reach their peak shear stress in the case of greater displacement, averagely increased by 40% compared to traditional anchor bolts. (2) An increase in the moisture content has less influence on the shear-yielding bolt owing to the material properties. When the moisture content of the structural surface rises from 12% to 20%, for cases where the shear-yielding bolts are used, the peak shear stress decreases by 0.12 kPa, which only accounts for 12% of the original strength. (3) There is an optimum thickness of the low-modulus material in the shear-yielding bolt, considering its effect of releasing shear and the bonding effect between it and the bolt. According to the test results and numerical analysis, the optimum thickness is 15 mm. The results of this research provide a reference and basis for future study and engineering applications of shear-yielding bolts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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19 pages, 5873 KiB  
Article
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) for Structural Capacity Enhancement of RC Beams Incorporating Innovative Side Hybrid (SH) Technique
by Md. Akter Hosen, Mahaad Issa Shammas, Khalid Ahmed Al Kaaf, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, U. Johnson Alengaram, Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong and Huzaifa Bin Hashim
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 1919; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071919 - 23 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1527
Abstract
Reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure is an essential part of modern civilization. However, the serviceability of RC infrastructure in extreme weather has become challenging due to the susceptibility of the initiation of cracks. Hence, the demand for strengthening and retrofitting RC infrastructure is rapidly [...] Read more.
Reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure is an essential part of modern civilization. However, the serviceability of RC infrastructure in extreme weather has become challenging due to the susceptibility of the initiation of cracks. Hence, the demand for strengthening and retrofitting RC infrastructure is rapidly increasing. The RC specimens strengthened with existing externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) and near-surface mounted (NSM) techniques; however, they suffered a prematurely brittle or debonding failure. Hence, the merging of side near surface mounting (SNSM) and side externally bonded reinforcement (S-EBR) methods ended up resulting in the development of an innovative side hybrid (SH) strengthening approach that is designed to overcome these drawbacks. In this investigation, six rectangular RC beam specimens were flexurally strengthened utilizing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) with the SH technique, and then four-point bending experiments were performed to failure. The beam specimens were categorized into two types: (I) control specimens and (II) specimens strengthened with the SH technique applying CFRP varying bonded length from 1600 mm to 1900 mm. The initial cracking, yield, and ultimate load-bearing capabilities, deflection, failure modes, cracking characteristics, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, and strain on the utmost fiber of concrete, the tensile strain of major steel rebars, SNSM bars, and S-EB plates were assessed from the experimental investigation. The SH technique substantially improved the flexural performance of the beam specimens. The initial cracking load, yield, and ultimate load-bearing capabilities were enhanced remarkably by 387%, 108%, and 163%, respectively, over the reference specimen. The flexural stiffness and energy absorption capacity substantially improved by 120% and 103%, respectively, compared with the reference specimen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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16 pages, 3448 KiB  
Article
Research on the Optimal Design of Retaining Piles of a Wide Metro Tunnel Foundation Pit Based on Deformation Control
by Wancai Zhong, Qiwei Wan, Nan Nie, Haibin Ding, Feng Gao and Changjie Xu
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 1906; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071906 - 22 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 880
Abstract
Engineers pay more and more attention to the economic benefits of foundation pit engineering. At present, the optimal design of the foundation pit supporting structure mainly focuses on strength and functional design, and there is no mature theoretical design method for deformation control. [...] Read more.
Engineers pay more and more attention to the economic benefits of foundation pit engineering. At present, the optimal design of the foundation pit supporting structure mainly focuses on strength and functional design, and there is no mature theoretical design method for deformation control. In this paper, a method for calculating the overall deformation of a foundation pit supporting structure based on the principle of minimum potential energy is proposed. Based on this method, the optimal design of the foundation pit of Guangzhou Baiyun District Comprehensive Transportation Hub Metro Station is realized. The deformation calculation results and optimization design scheme are validated by finite element numerical simulation and field monitoring data. The results show that the proposed theoretical algorithm predicts the pile deformation curves better than the finite element method, suggesting the proposed theoretical method is reasonable and the optimization scheme of the retaining pile is feasible. In the optimized design, the deformation of the foundation pit retaining pile is controlled by its push-back effect. The proposed deformation calculation method can realize the overall deformation calculation of the foundation pit supporting structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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19 pages, 8035 KiB  
Article
Simplified Modeling Method for Prefabricated Shear Walls Considering Sleeve Grouting Defects
by Yanan Wang, Hongchen Wang and Fujie Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1813; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061813 - 14 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 989
Abstract
The sleeve grouting connection is the most common form of vertical connection for prefabricated shear walls. However, during construction, this type of connection is prone to defects such as insufficient anchorage length of reinforcement, deviation of reinforcement, and insufficient amount of sleeve grouting, [...] Read more.
The sleeve grouting connection is the most common form of vertical connection for prefabricated shear walls. However, during construction, this type of connection is prone to defects such as insufficient anchorage length of reinforcement, deviation of reinforcement, and insufficient amount of sleeve grouting, which significantly impact the integrity and seismic performance of the prefabricated shear wall structure. The finite element analysis of the prefabricated shear wall with sleeve grouting connection is still based on solid element modeling. This method has the disadvantages of complex models and low computational efficiency. In this paper, a simplified modeling method for prefabricated shear walls considering sleeve grouting defects was proposed to address this issue. Firstly, the equivalent constitutive relationship of the sleeve grouting defect connector was constructed based on the uniaxial tensile test of the existing sleeve grouting defect connector, and the T3D2 element was used to simulate the sleeve grouting connector. Then, the mechanical behavior of the horizontal joint between the shear wall and the foundation beam was simulated by the cohesive force model, and the prefabricated shear wall models with sleeve grouting defects were established. The accuracy of the simplified modeling method was verified by comparing the experimental results and numerical simulation results of the seismic performance of the prefabricated shear wall with sleeve grouting defects. The results showed that the hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, and failure mode of the numerical simulation were in good agreement with the test results. However, the stiffness of the concrete degenerated rapidly due to the apparent development of plastic-damaged concrete, which made the falling section of the hysteresis curve of the numerical simulation different from that of the test. The proposed simplified modeling method can be further applied to the performance study of prefabricated shear walls with sleeve grouting defects and can provide a reference for structural performance evaluation, design optimization, and construction quality control to a certain extent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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19 pages, 11017 KiB  
Article
Ground Deformation of Shield Tunneling through Composite Strata in Coastal Areas
by Xiong Wu, Jiangbo Xu, Shaowei Wang, Peng Sha, Zemin Han, Xinyu Chen, Sheng Shu, Wei Qiao and Xianglong Zeng
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051236 - 26 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1135
Abstract
In order to mitigate ground deformation during shield construction in both upper soft and lower hard strata of coastal areas, a numerical simulation was executed. This simulation assessed surface deformation under varying stratum ratios, grouting pressures, and earth bin pressures. The evaluation was [...] Read more.
In order to mitigate ground deformation during shield construction in both upper soft and lower hard strata of coastal areas, a numerical simulation was executed. This simulation assessed surface deformation under varying stratum ratios, grouting pressures, and earth bin pressures. The evaluation was primarily based on the amount of ground deformation, which revealed that hard rock strata offer superior settlement control compared to soft rock strata. The excavation of the right tunnel line increased disturbance to the left line at higher stratum ratios. Surface deformation demonstrated a linear correlation with earth pressure, with 130 kPa identified as the optimal point. Higher pressures resulted in extrusion deformation and ground uplift. Grouting pressure had a minimal impact on stratum deformation over time. The stratum ratio exerted the most significant influence on settlement, followed by earth pressure, with grouting pressure having the least impact. In the context of coastal tunnel construction, hard rock excavation is favored. Earth pressure must be balanced to prevent subsidence or uplift, while excessive grouting pressure does not significantly reduce subsidence. Grouting pressure should ensure the complete filling of voids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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13 pages, 8674 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Permeability of Reconstructed Porous Concrete Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method
by Danni Zhao, Jiangbo Xu, Xingang Wang, Qingjun Guo, Yangcheng Li, Zemin Han, Yifan Liu, Zixuan Zhang, Jiajun Zhang and Runtao Sun
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041182 - 22 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1484
Abstract
The reconstruction of the porous media model is crucial for researching the mesoscopic seepage characteristics of porous concrete. Based on a self-compiled MATLAB program, a porous concrete model was modeled by controlling four parameters (distribution probability, growth probability, probability density, and porosity) with [...] Read more.
The reconstruction of the porous media model is crucial for researching the mesoscopic seepage characteristics of porous concrete. Based on a self-compiled MATLAB program, a porous concrete model was modeled by controlling four parameters (distribution probability, growth probability, probability density, and porosity) with clear physical meanings using a quartet structure generation set (QSGS) along with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to investigate permeability. The rationality of the numerical model was verified through Poiseuille flow theory. The results showed that the QSGS model exhibited varied pore shapes and disordered distributions, resembling real porous concrete. Seepage velocity distribution showed higher values in larger pores, with flow rates reaching up to 0.012 lattice point velocity. The permeability–porosity relationship demonstrated high linearity (the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.92), consistent with real porous concrete behavior. The integration of QSGS-LBM represents a novel approach, and the research results can provide new ideas and new means for subsequent research on the permeability of porous concrete or similar porous medium materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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17 pages, 6158 KiB  
Article
Study on Slope Monitoring and Stability Based on Bolt–Cable Combined Support
by Yun Liu, Jie Lai and Jiangbo Xu
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040886 - 25 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1438
Abstract
To provide reference for the design and construction of anchoring measures in slope reinforcement and treatment projects, this article presents the on-site monitoring and analysis of the stress changes in anchor rods and anchor cables in a high-level layered rock slope of a [...] Read more.
To provide reference for the design and construction of anchoring measures in slope reinforcement and treatment projects, this article presents the on-site monitoring and analysis of the stress changes in anchor rods and anchor cables in a high-level layered rock slope of a deep excavation highway. Anchor rods and anchor cables are widely used reinforcement measures in slope reinforcement due to their simplicity and economy. In this article, we took the layered rock slope of a deep excavation highway as the monitoring object and installed monitoring equipment on slopes of different levels. Based on the monitoring data of slope anchor rods and anchor cables, the rationality of slope reinforcement and treatment measures was analyzed. This study shows that active support anchor cables have better reinforcement effects than the passive protection of anchor rods. The approximate position of the potential slip surface in the slope mass can be inferred according to the monitoring of slope anchor stress, which can guide a slope reinforcement and treatment project. Finally, FLAC3D V6.0 was used for numerical simulation analysis, which showed that the slope was in a stable state under the support of anchor rods and anchor cables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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23 pages, 8113 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Bearing Capacity of Concrete Pile Composite Foundation under Composite Salt Erosion
by Dongqing Wang, Xiaohua Yang, Shasha Zhang, Chi Chen and Yanhu Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010289 - 21 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1518
Abstract
In order to study the long-term bearing capacity of concrete pile composite foundation in the Salt Lake area, based on the Tehran Isfahan high-speed railway project in Iran, the full (semi) immersion drying test and rapid freeze-thaw test was carried out, and the [...] Read more.
In order to study the long-term bearing capacity of concrete pile composite foundation in the Salt Lake area, based on the Tehran Isfahan high-speed railway project in Iran, the full (semi) immersion drying test and rapid freeze-thaw test was carried out, and the specimens were scanned by electron microscope. Numerical calculations were used to study the effects of different pile strengths and design parameters on the long-term bearing capacity of the composite foundation. The main conclusions were as follows: The concrete specimens in the adsorption zone deteriorated earlier and faster. In the rapid freeze-thaw tests, the strength attenuation of high-strength (C40, C50) specimens was smaller than that of low-strength specimens (C20). Within 20 years after construction, the additional settlement of low-strength (C20) piles was 12.21 mm, while high-strength concrete was less affected by deterioration. With pile spacing ranging from 1.8 m to 4.5 m, the maximum increase in additional settlement under the C20 condition was about 20 mm. The pile-soil stress ratio under the three conditions increased by 2.42, 6.59, and 8.63. As the pile length and diameter increased, the peak stress of the pile body moved towards the pile end, and the changes in the pile-soil stress ratio under the three conditions were similar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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20 pages, 25314 KiB  
Article
Study on Arching Mechanism of Bridge Pile Foundation: Taking the Shiyangtai No.1 Bridge as an Example
by Lian-Hua Wang, Guo-Zheng Sun, Jiang-Bo Xu, Xiong Wu, Xin-Min Hou and Ze-Min Han
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010243 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
The structure of a bridge has certain peculiarities, and its pile foundations are susceptible to uplift or settlement deformation due to various factors. This can result in bridge deck cracking, structural instability, tilting, and even irreversible damage, which significantly impacts the bridge’s stability [...] Read more.
The structure of a bridge has certain peculiarities, and its pile foundations are susceptible to uplift or settlement deformation due to various factors. This can result in bridge deck cracking, structural instability, tilting, and even irreversible damage, which significantly impacts the bridge’s stability and driving safety. This study focuses on the Shiyangtai No.1 Bridge and aims to investigate the factors that cause abnormal rise and fall deformations of bridge pile foundations. The study combines macro and micro analysis, physical characteristic testing of the overlying soil under the bridge pile foundation, and numerical simulation of the bridge pile foundation in the goaf. The study discusses in-depth the formation mechanism of the abnormal uplift of some pile foundations of the Shiyangtai No.1 Bridge based on the analysis of the factors influencing the abnormal rise and fall deformation of the bridge pile foundations at home and abroad. The expansive soil beneath the pile foundation is weak, and the force generated by the water expansion is insufficient to cause the pile foundation to rise to 309 mm. The results indicate that the pile foundation of the bridge is not affected by the expansion characteristics of the overlying soil. The collapse of the goaf roof generates double lateral thrust from the accumulation body at the bottom of the goaf and the upper collapse arch. This causes staggered bending uplift of the sandstone soil layer, resulting in upward squeezing pressure that causes the bridge pile foundation to rise. Therefore, the coal mining area is the main factor influencing the abnormal uplift of the pile foundation of the Shiyangtai No.1 Bridge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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16 pages, 10570 KiB  
Article
Study on Numerical Simulation of Arch Mechanism of Bridge Pile Foundation
by Zhanhui Qu, Zemin Han, Haoyu Tang, Jiangbo Xu, Heping Wang and Yifan Liu
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010146 - 7 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Bridges are situated in a complex area with geological conditions that are challenging for engineering. It has been observed that certain pile foundations of bridges have been uplifted to varying degrees by up to 309 mm. This has a significant impact on the [...] Read more.
Bridges are situated in a complex area with geological conditions that are challenging for engineering. It has been observed that certain pile foundations of bridges have been uplifted to varying degrees by up to 309 mm. This has a significant impact on the bridge’s operation and driving safety. The causal mechanism of the bridge pile foundation arch is analyzed through a theoretical analysis and a Plaxis 3D (v.2013) finite element software simulation. The influence of the ground stress and goaf on the bridge pile foundation under different working conditions is studied. The findings indicate that the uplift of the bridge pile foundation due to an equivalent ground stress is the largest, reaching approximately 300 mm in the bridge valley area. Additionally, the uplift of the non-bridge area in the goaf is greater than that of the bridge pile foundation. These results suggest that ground stress is the primary cause of the arching of a bridge pile foundation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foundation Treatment and Building Structural Performance Enhancement)
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