Pollen as Food and Feed

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Bio-inspired Molecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2019) | Viewed by 24660

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: bee products; phytochemistry; bioactive compounds; food analytical chemistry; nutritional composition of food; health risk assessment
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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: food proteins; bioactive compounds of food; biochemical transformation during food processing; functional and techno-functional properties of food; compounds stability and interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, consumers are becoming increasingly aware that the consumption of functional food promotes their health. Thus, there is considerable interest in developing healthy food products either by the production of high-quality feed to obtain superior raw material for food processing or by the formulation of high-quality food using functional ingredients. Since ancient times, pollen (floral or bee-collected) has been known as “the food of the Gods”. B Due to its divergent chemical composition with special emphasis on biomolecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, sugars), minerals, and bioactive compounds (i.e., phenolics, carotenoids, etc.), it is widely used as dietary supplement. However, in the past decade, owing to a tendency for the consumption of health-promoting food, pollen has been recognized as an important food and feed ingredient, with a limited number of publications that deal with these topics. In addition, pollen can contain some anti-nutrients and toxic compounds (i.e., toxic elements, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, etc.), for which health risk assessments should be done. The possible use of pollen as a functional ingredient can be significantly influenced by its botanical (palynological) origin as well as its production and storage conditions, whereas its possible use as a techno-functional ingredient depends on its physical, chemical, and techno-functional properties. In that sense, there is still missing information about the chemical profile of pollen samples with different geographical and botanical origin (especially in the case of monofloral pollen), the techno-functional properties of pollen, and the health effects of its application in the formulation of different food and feed products.

The aim of this Special Issue is to clarify and contribute to understanding the physical, chemical, functional, and techno-functional properties of different pollen samples, and to consider the perspectives of pollen as a food and feed.

Dr. Aleksandar Ž. Kostić
Dr. Mirjana B. Pešić
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • pollen
  • floral
  • bee-collected
  • food ingredient
  • feed

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 1577 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Bee Pollen with Other Bee Products
by Vaida Adaškevičiūtė, Vilma Kaškonienė, Paulius Kaškonas, Karolina Barčauskaitė and Audrius Maruška
Biomolecules 2019, 9(12), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120819 - 03 Dec 2019
Cited by 64 | Viewed by 6499
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the physichochemical composition of various bee products, namely, bee pollen, beebread, propolis, honey, and royal jelly. The samples (37 out of 53) were collected in Lithuania, several samples from other Europe countries (Italy, Denmark, Sweden, [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the physichochemical composition of various bee products, namely, bee pollen, beebread, propolis, honey, and royal jelly. The samples (37 out of 53) were collected in Lithuania, several samples from other Europe countries (Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Slovakia, Poland, Spain, Republic of Malta, The Netherlands, Latvia, Ukraine) were used for comparison. Various quantities, such as pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, NaCl content, refraction index, Brix value, total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content and antiradical activity were measured. Together with the mentioned, the content of micro- and macroelements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy absorption spectra were analysed. To our knowledge, the literature data about comprehensive comparison of various characteristics of bee products are scarce. Also, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing mineral content in Lithuanian bee pollen, beebread and royal jelly. The study exposed that bee pollen not only showed the highest values of pH, electrical conductivity and content of soluble solids, but also distinguished from the other samples by the highest flavonoid content (up to 48.3 mg/10 g), the absence of Cr, the presence of Co (0.011–0.100 mg/kg) and Sr (0.73–5.37 mg/kg) and the highest content of Ca (997–2455 mg/kg) and Mg (644–1004 mg/kg). Hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to group the tested samples according to the physicochemical analysis results and mineral content. The clustering analysis revealed that bee pollen formed separate group with the highest distance from the other samples in both cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollen as Food and Feed)
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14 pages, 2143 KiB  
Article
Phenolic Composition Influences the Health-Promoting Potential of Bee-Pollen
by Mirjana Mosić, Jelena Trifković, Irena Vovk, Uroš Gašić, Živoslav Tešić, Branko Šikoparija and Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica
Biomolecules 2019, 9(12), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120783 - 26 Nov 2019
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4663
Abstract
Information on compositional, nutritional and functional properties of bee-pollen, as a health-promoting food, is essential for defining its quality. Concerning the nutritional importance of phenolic compounds, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of twenty-four bee-pollen [...] Read more.
Information on compositional, nutritional and functional properties of bee-pollen, as a health-promoting food, is essential for defining its quality. Concerning the nutritional importance of phenolic compounds, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of twenty-four bee-pollen samples collected from different regions of Serbia. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprinting was used for profiling of bee-pollen samples according to the botanical type. HPTLC hyphenated with image analysis and a pattern recognition technique confirmed the grouping of samples caused by the specific phenolic composition of pollens of different botanical origin. Flavonoid glycosides in bee-pollen samples were identified by applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ Orbitrap MS). Eight out of twenty-seven flavonol glycosides were identified in bee-pollen samples for the first time. All analyzed bee-pollen samples showed a high number of phenolic compounds which may have therapeutic potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollen as Food and Feed)
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16 pages, 1760 KiB  
Article
Chemical Fingerprint of ‘Oblačinska’ Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Pollen
by Milica Fotirić Akšić, Uroš Gašić, Dabić Zagorac Dragana, Milica Sredojević, Tomislav Tosti, Maja Natić and Mekjell Meland
Biomolecules 2019, 9(9), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090391 - 21 Aug 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3247
Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyze sugars and phenolics of pollen obtained from 15 different ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry clones and to assess the chemical fingerprint of this cultivar. Carbohydrate analysis was done using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection [...] Read more.
The aim of this research was to analyze sugars and phenolics of pollen obtained from 15 different ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry clones and to assess the chemical fingerprint of this cultivar. Carbohydrate analysis was done using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD), while polyphenols were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS) system. Glucose was the most abundant sugar, followed by fructose and sucrose. Some samples had high level of stress sugars, especially trehalose. Rutin was predominantly polyphenol in a quantity up to 181.12 mg/kg (clone III/9), with chlorogenic acid (up to 59.93 mg/kg in clone III/9) and p-coumaric acid (up to 53.99 mg/kg in clone VIII/1) coming after. According to the principal component analysis (PCA), fructose, maltose, maltotriose, sorbitol, and trehalose were the most important sugars in separating pollen samples. PCA showed splitting off clones VIII/1, IV/8, III/9, and V/P according to the quantity of phenolics and dissimilar profiles. Large differences in chemical composition of studied ‘Oblačinska sour cherry’ clone pollen were shown, proving that it is not a cultivar, but population. Finally, due to the highest level of phenolics, clones IV/8, XV/3, and VIII/1 could be singled out as a promising one for producing functional food and/or in medicinal treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollen as Food and Feed)
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Review

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36 pages, 984 KiB  
Review
The Application of Pollen as a Functional Food and Feed Ingredient—The Present and Perspectives
by Aleksandar Ž. Kostić, Danijel D. Milinčić, Miroljub B. Barać, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Živoslav Lj. Tešić and Mirjana B. Pešić
Biomolecules 2020, 10(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010084 - 05 Jan 2020
Cited by 94 | Viewed by 9672
Abstract
Pollen is recognized as an excellent dietary supplement for human nutrition, which is why it can be found in different forms on the market (granules, capsules, tablets, pellets, and powders). But, the digestibility of pollen’s nutrients is strongly affected by the presence of [...] Read more.
Pollen is recognized as an excellent dietary supplement for human nutrition, which is why it can be found in different forms on the market (granules, capsules, tablets, pellets, and powders). But, the digestibility of pollen’s nutrients is strongly affected by the presence of a pollen shell, which can decrease the bioavailability of nutrients by 50% and more. Since consumers have become more aware of the benefits of a healthy diet and the necessity to improve pollen digestibility, different pollen-based functional food products have been developed and extensive studies were done to estimate the beneficial effects of pollen-based feed on animal growth, health, and rigor mortise stage. Considering the positive effects of pollen nutrients and phytometabolites on human and animal health, the aim of this paper was to give an overview of recent achievements in the application of pollen in the formulation of functional food and animal diets. Special attention was paid to the effects of pollen’s addition on the nutritional, functional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of the new formulated food products. Anti-nutritional properties of pollen were also discussed. This review points out the benefits of pollen addition to food and feed and the possible directions in the further development of functional food and feed for the wellbeing of everyone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollen as Food and Feed)
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