Emerging Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer Development and Progression

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 5032

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
Interests: oral cancer; oral leukoplakia; prognostic markers; laser; immunohistochemistry
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Head and neck cancer is a major public health problem, as it is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and has consistently had low survival rates even in recent decades.

Head and neck tumorigenesis involves an accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations from several important pathways providing capabilities to cancer development and progression such as sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis and activating invasion and metastasis, reprograming cellular energetics, and evading immune destruction.

The identification of these altered molecular pathways may originate biomarkers able to differentiate tumors with a more or less aggressive behavior. These biomarkers may have a translational clinical potential to identify and diagnose specific tumors and stratify patients with greater precision to the most appropriate treatment plan. Moreover, these molecules may become molecular therapeutic targets or even predictive markers of treatment response.

New genomic, epigenomic or transcriptomic methods of evaluating single and multiple-cell alterations have provided new horizons on biomarker discovery, evaluation, and validation of the several aspects of the biopathology of these cancers and related diseases.

In the view of this, we invite authors to submit their research or review articles describing the most recent evaluations on biomarkers with potential use in diagnosis, treatment response prediction, and prognosis of head and neck cancers, including also potential malignant disorders to be published in this Special Issue.

Dr. Luís Monteiro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • predictive biomarker
  • DNA instability
  • cell cycle
  • apoptosis
  • immuno-oncology
  • genomic and epigenomic analysis
  • immunohistochemistry
  • In situ hybridization
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2660 KiB  
Article
p-S6 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Leonor Delgado, Paula Brilhante-Simões, Fernanda Garcez, Luís Monteiro, Isabel Pires and Justina Prada
Biomolecules 2022, 12(7), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12070935 - 04 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
Scarce information exists on the role of mTOR pathway proteins and their association to aggressiveness and prognosis of patients with canine oral cancers. We aimed to investigate the activated form of mTOR and its downstream S6 protein in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma [...] Read more.
Scarce information exists on the role of mTOR pathway proteins and their association to aggressiveness and prognosis of patients with canine oral cancers. We aimed to investigate the activated form of mTOR and its downstream S6 protein in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to evaluate potential associations between protein expression and clinic-pathologic variables and survival. For that we analysed p-mTOR and p-S6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 61 canine OSCCs. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine their role in patients’ cancer-specific survival (CSS). p-mTOR and p-S6 expression were present in almost all cases. High-expression of p-mTOR was observed in 44 (72.1%) cases using extent score and 52 (85.2%) cases using intensity score. For p-S6, high expression was observed in 53 (86.9%) cases using extent score and in 54 (88.5%) cases using intensity score. An independent prognostic value for p-S6 extension (p = 0.027), tumour stage (p = 0.013) and treatment (p = 0.0009) was found in patients’ CSS analysis. Our data suggest that p-mTOR and p-S6 proteins are commonly expressed in canine OSCC and p-S6 expression is correlated with poor CSS in dogs with OSCC. More studies should be performed to identify possible therapeutic targets related with mTOR pathway for these patients. Full article
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14 pages, 1853 KiB  
Article
Podoplanin Expression Independently and Jointly with Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Grade Acts as a Potential Biomarker of Malignant Transformation in Oral Leukoplakia
by Luís Monteiro, Barbas do Amaral, Leonor Delgado, Fernanda Garcês, Filomena Salazar, José Júlio Pacheco, Carlos Lopes and Saman Warnakulasuriya
Biomolecules 2022, 12(5), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12050606 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the expression of biomarkers, CD44v6, CD147, EGFR, p53, p63, p73, p16, and podoplanin in oral leukoplakias (OL) and to assess their potential for prediction of malignant transformation (MT). We analyzed the expression of CD44v6, CD147, EGFR, p53, p63, [...] Read more.
Our aim was to evaluate the expression of biomarkers, CD44v6, CD147, EGFR, p53, p63, p73, p16, and podoplanin in oral leukoplakias (OL) and to assess their potential for prediction of malignant transformation (MT). We analyzed the expression of CD44v6, CD147, EGFR, p53, p63, p73, p16, and podoplanin by immunohistochemistry in 52 OL, comprised of 41 low-grade (LG) dysplasia and 11 high-grade (HG) cases. Twelve healthy normal tissues (NT) were also included. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate any association with MT. Variable expression among the studied markers was observed, with a significant increase of high expression from NT to LG and HG cases in CD44v6 (p = 0.002), P53 (p = 0.002), P73 (p = 0.043), and podoplanin (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, cases with high podoplanin score showed a significant increased risk of MT (HR of 10.148 (95% CI of 1.503–68.532; p = 0.017). Furthermore, podoplanin combined with binary dysplasia grade obtained a HR of 10.238 (95% CI of 2.06–50.889; p = 0.004). To conclude, CD44v6, p53, p73, and podoplanin showed an increasing expression along the natural history of oral carcinogenesis. Podoplanin expression independently or combined with dysplasia grade could be useful predictive markers of MT in OL. Full article
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