Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathomechanism, Diagnostics and Novel Treatment Options—2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 2126

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
Interests: nephrotic syndrome; interstitial nephritis; thin basement membrane nephropathy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema, and it is divided into steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) and steroid-resistant NS (SRNS). While SSNS typically presents with minimal change NS, SRNS typically presents with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which often leads to end-stage kidney failure. About 30% of cases of childhood-onset FSGS have been found to be hereditary FSGS caused by dozens of podocyte-related genes, and about 5-10% of cases of adult-onset FSGS have also been found to be hereditary FSGS.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather original research articles and review articles focusing on NS. Articles with an emphasis on genetic forms of kidney disease are especially encouraged.

Dr. Kan Katayama
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • genetic kidney disease
  • minimal change disease
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • podocyte

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

33 pages, 452 KB  
Review
Uncommon Factors Leading to Nephrotic Syndrome
by Ljiljana Bogdanović, Ivana Babić, Mirjana Prvanović, Dragana Mijač, Ana Mladenović-Marković, Dušan Popović and Jelena Bogdanović
Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1907; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081907 - 5 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1666
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Apart from the traditional causes of NS, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetes, infections, malignancies, autoimmune conditions, and nephrotoxic agents, there are also rare causes of NS, whose knowledge [...] Read more.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Apart from the traditional causes of NS, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetes, infections, malignancies, autoimmune conditions, and nephrotoxic agents, there are also rare causes of NS, whose knowledge is of the utmost importance. The aim of this article was to highlight the less well-known causes that have a significant impact on diagnosis and treatment. Genetic syndromes such as Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency with two clinical variants (fish-eye Disease and the p.Leu364Pro mutation), lead to NS through mechanisms involving podocyte and lipid metabolism dysfunction. Congenital disorders of glycosylation and Nail–Patella Syndrome emphasize the role of deranged protein processing and transcriptional regulation in glomerular injury. The link of NS with type 1 diabetes, though rare, suggests an etiology on the basis of common HLA loci and immune dysregulation. Histopathological analysis, particularly electron microscopy, shows mainly podocyte damage, mesangial sclerosis, and alteration of the basement membrane, which aids in differentiating rare forms. Prompt recognition of these novel etiologies by genetic analysis, renal biopsy, and an interdisciplinary panel is essential to avoid delays in diagnosis and tailored treatment. Full article
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