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Bioengineering
Special Issues
Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure
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Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 16584

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anthony G. Lau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ, USA
Interests: injury biomechanics; bone & cartilage mechanics; radiation effects
Dr. Sourav S. Patnaik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
Interests: tissue biomechanics; biomaterials; cardiovascular

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The overarching aim of this Special Issue is to enhance our understanding of mechanical and biochemical cues that bring changes in the living systems due to radiation exposure. There is a significant need to address the mechanical changes in tissues and cells that are subjected to (i) radiation exposure; and (ii) radiotheraputic approaches at low- and high-doses. Biomechanical alteration of non-targeted tissue irradiation has been recently highlighted in literature. Yet the mechanistic regime of radiation-induced biomechanical changes in the human body is not fully understood.

The goal of this Special Issue on the “Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure” is to highlight original research papers and comprehensive reviews, dealing with micro-to-macro level changes in human physiology from a mechanics point of view. This unique collection of radiation-related studies will be centered on in vivo and in vitro themes and the topics of interests include, but are not limited to, the following:  

  • Biomechanical changes at cellular level and tissue level due to irradiation
  • Mechanical changes in non-targeted body tissues due to radiotherapy (including low doses <1Gy)
  • Systemic or pathological characterization of radiation effects in tissues
  • Pharmacological approaches, therapeutic targets, and novel delivery routes of radiation countermeasures
  • Advances in tissue damage assessment – biochemical, biomedical imaging, optics, etc.
  • Coupled effects on multiple organ systems, including bystander effect
  • Organ-on-chips to study radiation effects

Dr. Anthony G. Lau
Dr. Sourav S. Patnaik
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomechanics
  • radiation
  • tissues
  • cellular
  • physiology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2664 KiB  
Article
Radiation-Induced Alterations in Proliferation, Migration, and Adhesion in Lens Epithelial Cells and Implications for Cataract Development
by Graysen Vigneux, Jake Pirkkanen, Taylor Laframboise, Hallie Prescott, Sujeenthar Tharmalingam and Christopher Thome
Bioengineering 2022, 9(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010029 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3259
Abstract
The lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Although the exact mechanism of radiation-induced cataract development remains unknown, altered proliferation, migration, and adhesion have been proposed as factors. Lens epithelial cells were exposed to X-rays (0.1–2 Gy) and radiation [...] Read more.
The lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Although the exact mechanism of radiation-induced cataract development remains unknown, altered proliferation, migration, and adhesion have been proposed as factors. Lens epithelial cells were exposed to X-rays (0.1–2 Gy) and radiation effects were examined after 12 h and 7 day. Proliferation was quantified using an MTT assay, migration was measured using a Boyden chamber and wound-healing assay, and adhesion was assessed on three extracellular matrices. Transcriptional changes were also examined using RT-qPCR for a panel of genes related to these processes. In general, a nonlinear radiation response was observed, with the greatest effects occurring at a dose of 0.25 Gy. At this dose, a reduction in proliferation occurred 12 h post irradiation (82.06 ± 2.66%), followed by an increase at 7 day (116.16 ± 3.64%). Cell migration was increased at 0.25 Gy, with rates 121.66 ± 6.49% and 232.78 ± 22.22% greater than controls at 12 h and 7 day respectively. Cell adhesion was consistently reduced above doses of 0.25 Gy. Transcriptional alterations were identified at these same doses in multiple genes related to proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Overall, this research began to elucidate the functional changes that occur in lens cells following radiation exposure, thereby providing a better mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced cataract development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure)
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Review

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9 pages, 1259 KiB  
Review
Radiotherapy Advances in Renal Disease—Focus on Renal Ischemic Preconditioning
by Badr Khbouz, Shiyang Gu, Tiago Pinto Coelho, François Lallemand and François Jouret
Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010068 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2149
Abstract
Ionizing irradiation is widely applied as a fundamental therapeutic treatment in several diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a global public health problem with major morbidity and mortality. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the main cause of AKI. I/R injury occurs when blood flow [...] Read more.
Ionizing irradiation is widely applied as a fundamental therapeutic treatment in several diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a global public health problem with major morbidity and mortality. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the main cause of AKI. I/R injury occurs when blood flow to the kidney is transiently interrupted and then restored. Such an ischemic insult significantly impairs renal function in the short and long terms. Renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) corresponds to the maneuvers intended to prevent or attenuate the ischemic damage. In murine models, irradiation-induced preconditioning (IP) renders the renal parenchyma resistant to subsequent damage by activating defense pathways involved in oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Before envisioning translational applications in patients, safe irradiation modalities, including timing, dosage, and fractionation, need to be defined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure)
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9 pages, 240 KiB  
Review
Diagnostic Imaging of Pregnant Women and Fetuses: Literature Review
by Eunhye Kim and Brenda Boyd
Bioengineering 2022, 9(6), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060236 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4314
Abstract
Healthcare providers have acknowledged the dangers of radiation exposure to embryonic and fetal health, yet diagnostic imaging of pregnant women is increasing. Literature that pertains to the topic of interest was reviewed to collect tertiary data. The purpose of this literature review was [...] Read more.
Healthcare providers have acknowledged the dangers of radiation exposure to embryonic and fetal health, yet diagnostic imaging of pregnant women is increasing. Literature that pertains to the topic of interest was reviewed to collect tertiary data. The purpose of this literature review was to present the various radiation risks for pregnant women and the fetus depending on the gestational age of the pregnancy. The specific effects of radiation on pregnant women and the fetus, X-ray risks depending on the gestational age of the pregnancy, and other potential health effects when performing diagnostic imaging procedures on pregnant women were discussed in this review. In addition, ethical issues have been considered by improving overall communication to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure to pregnant women and fetuses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure)
13 pages, 509 KiB  
Review
Skin Manifestations after Ionizing Radiation Exposure: A Systematic Review
by Luigi Bennardo, Maria Passante, Norma Cameli, Antonio Cristaudo, Cataldo Patruno, Steven Paul Nisticò and Martina Silvestri
Bioengineering 2021, 8(11), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110153 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5036
Abstract
Morphological and functional skin alterations secondary to the action of ionizing radiation are well documented. In addition to its application in the medical field, ionizing radiation represents a public health problem for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes due to the potential risk of exposure [...] Read more.
Morphological and functional skin alterations secondary to the action of ionizing radiation are well documented. In addition to its application in the medical field, ionizing radiation represents a public health problem for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes due to the potential risk of exposure to unexpected events, such as nuclear accidents or malicious acts. With regard to the use of ionizing radiations in the medical field, today, they constitute a fundamental therapeutic method for various neoplastic pathologies. Therefore, the onset of adverse skin events induced by radiation represents a widespread and not negligible problem, affecting 95% of patients undergoing radiotherapy. A systematic literature search was performed from July 2021 up to August 2021 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full text as needed. A manual search among the references of the included papers was also performed. This systematic review describes the various skin reactions that can arise following exposure to ionizing radiation and which significantly impact the quality of life, especially in cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantification of Biological and Mechanical Changes Due to Radiation Exposure)
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