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Batteries
Special Issues
Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications
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Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2025) | Viewed by 2379

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sake Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Science, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
Interests: 2D materials; environment; valleytronics; spintronics; topological insulators; electron transport; optoelectronics; photocatalyst
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nguyen Tuan Hung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
Interests: thermoelectricity; artificial muscles; nanomechanics; first-principles calculations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Minglei Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NANOlab Center of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
Interests: computational investigation of materials for energy applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite contributions to a Special Issue focused on "Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications". As the demand for high-performance energy storage solutions accelerates, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates because of their unique properties, including high surface area, exceptional conductivity, and tunable electronic characteristics. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and application of 2D materials in battery technologies.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel 2D materials for enhancing battery performance;
  • Advances in the fabrication and scalability of 2D materials;
  • Theoretical and experimental insights into the electrochemical behavior of 2D materials;
  • The integration of 2D materials into various battery architectures, such as lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and solid-state batteries;
  • Strategies for improving the stability, cycle life, and energy density of batteries using 2D materials.

We encourage submissions that provide innovative research findings and reviews on the role of 2D materials in battery technologies. By bringing together cutting-edge research and diverse viewpoints, this Special Issue aims to advance the field and highlight the potential of 2D materials in next-generation energy storage systems.

Dr. Sake Wang
Dr. Nguyen Tuan Hung
Dr. Minglei Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • two-dimensional materials
  • energy storage
  • lithium-ion batteries
  • sodium-ion batteries
  • solid-state batteries
  • electrochemical behavior

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3885 KiB  
Article
A Pathway to Circular Economy-Converting Li-Ion Battery Recycling Waste into Graphite/rGO Composite Electrocatalysts for Zinc–Air Batteries
by Reio Praats, Jani Sainio, Milla Vikberg, Lassi Klemettinen, Benjamin P. Wilson, Mari Lundström, Ivar Kruusenberg and Kerli Liivand
Batteries 2025, 11(4), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11040165 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 181
Abstract
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most deployed energy storage technologies worldwide, providing power for a wide range of applications—from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles (EVs). The growing demand for LIBs, coupled with a shortage of critical battery materials, has prompted [...] Read more.
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most deployed energy storage technologies worldwide, providing power for a wide range of applications—from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles (EVs). The growing demand for LIBs, coupled with a shortage of critical battery materials, has prompted the scientific community to seek ways to improve material utilization through the recycling of end-of-life LIBs. While valuable battery metals are already being recycled on an industrial scale, graphite—a material classified as a critical resource—continues to be discarded. In this study, graphite waste recovered from the recycling of LIBs was successfully upcycled into an active graphite/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) composite oxygen electrocatalyst. The precursor graphite for rGO synthesis was also extracted from LIBs. Incorporating rGO into the graphite significantly enhanced the specific surface area and porosity of the resulting composite, facilitating effective doping with residual metals during subsequent nitrogen doping via pyrolysis. These composite catalysts enhanced both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, enabling their use as air electrode catalyst materials in zinc–air batteries (ZABs). The best-performing composite catalyst demonstrated an impressive power density of 100 mW cm−2 and exceptional cycling stability for 137 h. This research further demonstrates the utilization of waste fractions from LIB recycling to drive advancements in energy conversion technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications)
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17 pages, 3734 KiB  
Article
Tailoring Two-Dimensional NiFeCo-Layered Double Hydroxide onto One-Dimensional N-Doped CNTs for High-Performance Bifunctional Air Electrodes in Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
by Yeon-Woo Kim, Ayeon Lee and Sung Hoon Ahn
Batteries 2025, 11(4), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11040155 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 269
Abstract
The development of bifunctional air electrodes with high activity and durability is essential for advancing flexible zinc–air batteries. Herein, a hierarchical electrode structure is designed by growing N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on copper foam, where CNTs serve as highly active oxygen reduction reaction [...] Read more.
The development of bifunctional air electrodes with high activity and durability is essential for advancing flexible zinc–air batteries. Herein, a hierarchical electrode structure is designed by growing N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on copper foam, where CNTs serve as highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites. The controlled deposition of NiFeCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets, optimized to maintain ORR activity while enhancing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, enables a finely tuned bifunctional catalyst. This architecture achieves outstanding electrochemical properties, requiring only 0.897 V vs. RHE and 1.446 V vs. RHE to reach 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, thereby minimizing overpotentials. When implemented as an air electrode in a quasi-solid-state zinc–air battery, the system demonstrates remarkable cycling stability, sustaining performance for over 300 h. Furthermore, a 16 cm2 pouch-type zinc–air battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 0.62 Ah, highlighting the scalability of this design. This work presents a robust and scalable strategy for developing high-performance bifunctional air electrodes, offering a promising route for next-generation flexible energy storage systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications)
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15 pages, 4112 KiB  
Article
Carbon-Coated CF-Si/Al Anodes for Improved Lithium-Ion Battery Performance
by Liangliang Zeng, Peng Li, Mi Ouyang, Shujuan Gao and Kun Liang
Batteries 2025, 11(3), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11030114 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 452
Abstract
Despite their high specific capacity, magnetron-sputtered Si/Al thin films face rapid capacity decay due to stress-induced cracking, delamination, and detrimental electrolyte reactions. This study introduces a carbon-coated composite anode that overcomes these limitations, delivering superior reversible capacity, exceptional rate capability, and stable cycling [...] Read more.
Despite their high specific capacity, magnetron-sputtered Si/Al thin films face rapid capacity decay due to stress-induced cracking, delamination, and detrimental electrolyte reactions. This study introduces a carbon-coated composite anode that overcomes these limitations, delivering superior reversible capacity, exceptional rate capability, and stable cycling performance. An electrochemical evaluation reveals that the CF-Si/Al@C-500-1h composite exhibits marked enhancements in capacity retention (43.5% after 100 cycles at 0.6 A·g−1) and rate capability, maintaining 579.1 mAh·g−1 at 3 A·g−1 (1 C). The carbon layer enhances electrical conductivity, buffers volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation, and suppresses silicon aggregation and electrolyte side reactions. Coupled with an aluminum framework, this architecture ensures robust structural integrity and efficient lithium-ion transport. These advancements position CF-Si/Al@C-500-1h as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, while insights into scalable fabrication and carbon integration strategies pave the way for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications)
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Review

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30 pages, 10158 KiB  
Review
A Review of Pnictogenides for Next-Generation Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Sion Ha, Junhee Kim, Dong Won Kim, Jun Min Suh and Kyeong-Ho Kim
Batteries 2025, 11(2), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11020054 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 936
Abstract
With the growing market of secondary batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-scale energy storage systems (ESS), driven by environmental challenges, the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has emerged to address the high price of lithium resources used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, [...] Read more.
With the growing market of secondary batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-scale energy storage systems (ESS), driven by environmental challenges, the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has emerged to address the high price of lithium resources used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, achieving competitive energy densities of SIBs to LIBs remains challenging due to the absence of high-capacity anodes in SIBs such as the group-14 elements, Si or Ge, which are highly abundant in LIBs. This review presents potential candidates in metal pnictogenides as promising anode materials for SIBs to overcome the energy density bottleneck. The sodium-ion storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance across various compositions and intrinsic physical and chemical properties of pnictogenide have been summarized. By correlating these properties, strategic frameworks for designing advanced anode materials for next-generation SIBs were suggested. The trade-off relation in pnictogenides between the high specific capacities and the failure mechanism due to large volume expansion has been considered in this paper to address the current issues. This review covers several emerging strategies focused on improving both high reversible capacity and cycle stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Two-Dimensional Materials for Battery Applications)
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