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Applied Sciences
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Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis
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Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2022) | Viewed by 10069

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Guoqing Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
Interests: wind resistance of tall buildings; dynamic analysis of wind turbines; random vibration; wind disaster analysis; wind resource assessment and wake analysis; CFD simulation
Dr. Bowen Yan

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
Interests: computational wind engineering; structural health monitoring; structural vibration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Liuliu Peng

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
Interests: wind engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of advanced material and construction technology, the new generation of buildings and other structures commonly feature large flexibility, light mass, and a low damping ratio, thereby making them typically wind-sensitive. In this regard, the innovations of structural wind engineering are required for the wind-resistant design of buildings and other structures under these strong wind events.

In this Special Issue, we invite the publication of original research and review papers in the following areas, but not limited to them:

  • Wind tunnel tests;
  • Full-scale measurements;
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations;
  • Wind-induced dynamic analyses for buildings and other structures;
  • Design standards.

Prof. Dr. Guoqing Huang
Dr. Bowen Yan
Dr. Liuliu Peng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind tunnel tests
  • experiments
  • buildings
  • non-synoptic wind

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4162 KiB  
Article
Wind Pressure Field Reconstruction and Prediction of Large-Span Roof Structure with Folded-Plate Type Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
by Yi Su, Jin Di, Jinzhe Li and Fan Xia
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8430; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178430 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1090
Abstract
The complex and diverse structural forms make it impossible to define universal shape coefficients for large-span roof structures, which usually need to be obtained by wind tunnel tests. However, the number of test measurement points is limited, which leads to obvious limitations in [...] Read more.
The complex and diverse structural forms make it impossible to define universal shape coefficients for large-span roof structures, which usually need to be obtained by wind tunnel tests. However, the number of test measurement points is limited, which leads to obvious limitations in the study of wind loads on large-span roof structures. Taking a large-span folded-plate roof as an example, based on the wind tunnel pressure test results of the rigid model, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is used to reconstruct the wind pressure field of the roof using the first several eigenmodes. The wind pressure of several typical characteristic points is predicted based on four different interpolations methods, and the accuracy and feasibility of POD method in reconstruction and prediction of wind pressure field of large-span roof are analyzed and studied from multiple perspectives. The results show that the order of the selected structural eigenmodes has an impact on the reconstruction accuracy of the wind pressure field. The more orders are selected, the closer the wind pressure field reconstruction is to the true value. The reconstruction effect of the wind pressure field based on the POD method is related to the spatial position of the predicted point, and the reconstruction effect of the wind field based on the fluctuating wind pressure is obviously better than the that based on the mean wind pressure. When the POD method is used to predict the wind pressure of an unknown point, different interpolation methods can achieve ideal results. Among them, the bilinear interpolation method has the highest prediction accuracy, and the adjacent point interpolation method and Griddata V4 interpolation method only have certain errors in the low frequency region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis)
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14 pages, 6454 KiB  
Article
Solving the Moment Amplification Factor of a Lateral Jet by the Unsteady Motion Experimental Method
by Fei Xue, Yunlong Zhang, Ning Cao and Liugang Li
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8387; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168387 - 22 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
In this paper, unsteady motion tests of a lateral jet adjusting an air vehicle’s attitude are carried out. Curves of pitch moment amplification factors (KM) for a lateral jet versus angle of attack (α) are obtained using a [...] Read more.
In this paper, unsteady motion tests of a lateral jet adjusting an air vehicle’s attitude are carried out. Curves of pitch moment amplification factors (KM) for a lateral jet versus angle of attack (α) are obtained using a wind tunnel free-flight test technique with a jet and data processing method. This new method overcomes the disadvantage of previous experiments that can study only one unsteady characteristic. The free-flight test technique in the proposed method ensures that the test model can be coupled in real-time with multiple parameters (unsteady flow caused by the jet, unsteady air vehicle aerodynamic force, and unsteady air vehicle motion). This approach simulates an actual air vehicle’s complete jet test process and ensures more authentic and reliable test results. In the new data processing method, continuous data curves are fitted to discrete data points, making it easier to convert the angular displacement versus time curve into the pitch moment versus α curve to obtain KM. The results show that when the pressure of the micro high-pressure gas cylinder is 2.0 MPa, KM is below 1, indicating that the lateral jet does not significantly promote the pitching moment. When the gas cylinder pressure is 4.0 MPa and the angle of attack is 5° < |α| < 16°, KM is greater than 1, and the lateral jet promotes the pitching moment. When 16° < |α| < 20°, KM is less than 1, and the lateral jet does not significantly contribute to the pitching moment. It was further found that KM decreases slowly with increasing α. When |α| > 30°, the influence of the jet on the pitching moment nearly disappears. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis)
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17 pages, 7268 KiB  
Article
Influence of Phases of Coherence Functions on the Wind Field Simulation Using Spectral Representation Method
by Ning Zhao, Xiaolong Li, Liuliu Peng, Zhilong Xu, Xiaowei Chen and Xuewei Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8190; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168190 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 960
Abstract
The wave passage effect is a measure of the wave passage delay due to the apparent velocity of waves, which is one of spatially varying properties of multivariate random processes. The phase of coherence function reflects the wave passage effect of wind fields. [...] Read more.
The wave passage effect is a measure of the wave passage delay due to the apparent velocity of waves, which is one of spatially varying properties of multivariate random processes. The phase of coherence function reflects the wave passage effect of wind fields. In the wind field, simulation by the spectral representation method, the classical phase formula, is not rigorous. This may affect the accuracy of simulation results and even cause incorrect simulations. In this study, the influences of the phase on stationary and nonstationary wind field simulations are researched and discussed in detail. Two schemes containing the classical phase formula and the separated phase scheme are compared in four types of wind field simulation. The qualitative analysis based on theoretical correlation function formula is first made to study the influence of the phase. Then, four numerical examples are utilized to quantitatively study the magnitude of the influence on the sample time history and correlation function of the simulated wind field. Results show that the classical phase formula will result in considerable simulation error for all four types of wind fields because it cannot completely represent the phase angle of a complex number. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis)
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21 pages, 15277 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Yaw Control for Two Wind Turbines under Different Spacings
by Zhiqiang Xin, Songyang Liu, Zhiming Cai, Shenghai Liao and Guoqing Huang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7098; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147098 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1180
Abstract
In this study, the large eddy simulation method and the actuator line model are used to investigate the wake redirection of two turbines. Different turbine spacings and yaw-based control of the upstream turbine are considered. The effects of yaw angle and turbine spacing [...] Read more.
In this study, the large eddy simulation method and the actuator line model are used to investigate the wake redirection of two turbines. Different turbine spacings and yaw-based control of the upstream turbine are considered. The effects of yaw angle and turbine spacing on the output power of two turbines are comprehensively analyzed, and the physical mechanisms of the wake deficit, deflection and interaction are revealed from the distributions of the wake velocity, turbulence intensity and the structures of wake vortices. The results show that the overall power of two turbines is related to the yaw angle of the upstream turbine and the spacing between two turbines. We find yaw angle is the dominant factor in the total power improvement compared to turbine spacing. Still, a large yaw angle causes significant power fluctuations of the downstream turbine. The deficit of wake velocity and the change of output power are determined by the characteristics of the wake flow field, which the yaw control regulates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis)
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13 pages, 2844 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Wind Gusts: A Study Based on Meteorological Tower Observations
by Bowen Yan, Pakwai Chan, Qiusheng Li, Yuncheng He, Ying Cai, Zhenru Shu and Yao Chen
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2105; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042105 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Accurate information on wind gusts is of critical importance to various practical problems. In this study, observational wind data from high-frequency response (i.e., at a sampling rate of 10 Hz), ultrasonic anemometers instrumented at four different heights (i.e., 10 m, 40 m, 160 [...] Read more.
Accurate information on wind gusts is of critical importance to various practical problems. In this study, observational wind data from high-frequency response (i.e., at a sampling rate of 10 Hz), ultrasonic anemometers instrumented at four different heights (i.e., 10 m, 40 m, 160 m, 320 m) on a weather tower were collected. The observation site featured a typical suburban condition, with no significant obstacles in the immediate proximity. The data were analyzed to identify a total of twelve descriptors of wind gusts, and to find the parent distributions that estimate these parameters well via regression analysis. The results show that the gust parameters in the context of gust magnitude and amplitude with units are best fit by the Weibull model, while non-dimensional parameters in terms of gust factor and peak factor are reasonably assessed by the log-logistic distribution. The uplift time and gust nonsymmetric factor generally exhibit a lognormal distribution, while the Gamma distribution can describe the gust length scale, uplift magnitude and passage time. It is also shown that gust factors increase linearly along with turbulence intensity. Nevertheless, empirical linear formulas given in previous studies tend to over-predict. For the vertical structure of gust descriptors, it is found that the average wind speed, gust amplitude and gust length scale in 10 min monotonically increase with height, whereas the function relationship of gust amplitude, peak factor, gust factor, turbulence intensity, rise amplitude and falling amplitude tends to decrease with height. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis)
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19 pages, 5036 KiB  
Article
Wind-Induced Response and Its Controlling of Long-Span Cross-Rope Suspension Transmission Line
by Zhengliang Li, Yujing Hu and Xi Tu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031488 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2458
Abstract
In mountainous areas, the installation of steel towers was the major obstacle to the construction of transmission lines. In long-span cross-rope suspension (CRS) structures, the conductors are supported by hundreds-meters-long suspension cables crossing valleys instead of steel towers. Though long-span CRS is an [...] Read more.
In mountainous areas, the installation of steel towers was the major obstacle to the construction of transmission lines. In long-span cross-rope suspension (CRS) structures, the conductors are supported by hundreds-meters-long suspension cables crossing valleys instead of steel towers. Though long-span CRS is an innovative structural system, its structural performance needs to be clarified. Firstly, an assembled FE model was established based on initial deformed components for long-span cross-rope suspension structure. The wind load response of long-span cross-rope suspension structure with different lengths or number of spans was established and analyzed. Vortex-induced vibration (VIV), which was the major factor regarding fatigue and service life, and its controlling by Stockbridge damper for a long-span CRS were discussed. The numerical simulation results showed that the tensile force of the suspension cable increased with the length and number of spans of the conductor. In addition, considering the ice covering the transmission line, the interaction between the wind load and ice load induced the nonlinear lateral deformation characteristics of the conductor. Moreover, the vibration characteristics of the conductor in the long-span CRS were studied and compared with the traditional tower-line system. An analysis of the long-span CRS with a Stockbridge damper showed that additional dampers were essential for controlling the maximum dynamic bending stress of conductors at both ends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Wind Engineering: Measurement, Simulation and Dynamic Analysis)
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