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Present and Future of Orthodontics - 2nd Edition

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 3629

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Nir Shpack

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Guest Editor

Department of Orthodontics, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Interests: orthodontics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to presenting the most recent advances in materials, techniques, and innovations within the field of orthodontics. We are inviting submissions in the form of original research papers, as well as literature reviews, communications, and case documentation, highlighting the use of new technologies and unique treatment methods.

In light of these advancements, we will focus on their impact on diagnosis, treatment planning and execution, and treatment outcomes in orthodontics. These include diagnostic imaging techniques and their incorporation within given treatments; applications of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and appliance fabrication; and the use of these tools in multidisciplinary treatments.

This Special Issue will feature a wide scope of studies encompassing the development and application of tools and materials aimed at improving the therapeutic treatment of dental malocclusions and/or skeletal malformations. Papers may expand upon the usage of devices, such as temporary anchorage devices and clear aligners, or present novel treatment devices as well as treatment protocols. Papers focused on the treatment process of the craniomandibular complex, including surgical reconstruction, are also welcome.

This collection of research will provide an overview of the most cutting-edge efforts in these fields to benefit all aspects of patient care.

Prof. Dr. Nir Shpack
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

orthodontic implants
mini-implants
temporary anchorage devices (TADs)
clear aligners
digital dentistry
artificial intelligence in dentistry
head and neck imaging
orthodontic innovations

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Contributions of Alveolar Bone Density and Habitual Chewing Side to the Unilateral Failure of Orthodontic Mini-Screws: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Makiko Okuzawa-Iwasaki, Yuji Ishida, Aiko Ishizaki-Terauchi, Chiyo Shimizu-Tomoda, Jun Aida and Takashi Ono

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3041; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073041 - 4 Apr 2024

Viewed by 490

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between bone density, habitual chewing side (HCS), and mini-screw stability to investigate the intra-individual factors contributing to mini-screw failure. This retrospective study included 86 sides in 43 adults, who underwent bilateral maxillary mini-screw placement with subsequent unilateral failure of the mini-screw. Pre-treatment cone-beam computed tomography was used to measure the buccal cortical bone thickness and bone density on the failed and successful sides. Pre-treatment mandibular kinesiographic records were used to determine the HCS. Paired t-tests, one-proportion z-tests, and multivariable multilevel Poisson regression were used to examine the statistical significance. The buccal cortical bone thicknesses were 0.93 ± 0.27 mm (unsuccessful side) and 1.01 ± 0.27 mm (successful side), with no significant difference. The bone density on the unsuccessful side (1059.64 ± 202.64 mg/cm³) was significantly lower than the success side (1317.89 ± 332.23 mg/cm³). Regarding HCS, 27.9% of failures occurred on the preferred side, and 62.8% occurred on the non-preferred side. After adjusting for all factors, the non-preferred side showed a 2.22 times higher prevalence ratio for mini-screw failure than the preferred side. HCS is significantly related to mini-screw stability, while the cortical bone thickness, bone density, and site of mini-screw implantation were not correlated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Orthodontics - 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 9829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computerized Optical Impression Making of Fully Dentate Upper and Lower Jaws: An In Vitro Study

by Lukas Droste, Kirstin Vach, Ralf J. Kohal and Sebastian B. M. Patzelt

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062370 - 12 Mar 2024

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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the accuracy of five intraoral scanners for digitizing fully dentate unprepared maxillae and mandibulae in vitro. Materials and Methods: One maxillary and one mandibular reference model with acrylic teeth, an industrial grade reference scanner, 3D evaluation software and the intraoral scanners CS 3500, iTero HD2.9, Planmeca PlanScan, TRIOS Standard and 3M True Definition were used. Scans of the entire arches, one front and two side segments of each arch scan of maxilla and mandibula were evaluated separately for trueness and precision. In addition, visual analyses of deviation patterns, surface properties and approximal areas were performed with the aid of 3D evaluation software. Results: The intraoral scanners CS 3500, TRIOS Standard and iTero HD2.9 showed a similar level of trueness. The True Definition scanner showed lower full arch trueness compared to the TRIOS Standard and to the iTero HD2.9 (p < 0.05). Full arch trueness of the PlanScan was lower compared to the other scanners. Video-based systems showed higher numbers of datapoints per scan (127,300–169,730) compared to single image-based systems (64,115–88,124). The acquisition of interproximal areas was insufficient across all scanners. Limitations: The intraoral scanners were not tested under clinical conditions in this study. Conclusions: Apart from interproximal areas, clinically acceptable full arch trueness was achieved by the CS 3500, the iTero HD2.9 and the TRIOS Standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Orthodontics - 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 1678 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dento-Alveolar Changes after Maxillary Hybrid Expansion and Multi-Bracket Therapy: A Comparative Study at Three Different (Vertebral) Maturation Stages

by Björn Ludwig, Marco Migliorati, Sara Drago, Beatrice Gallo, Roberta Persano, Paolo Pesce and Maria Menini

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041541 - 14 Feb 2024

Viewed by 510

Abstract

Background: Rapid maxillary expansion is a common therapy when a palatal transversal discrepancy occurs. Different anchorage solutions have been proposed to obtain an effective skeletal expansion, even for adult patients. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of a hybrid expander and multi-bracket therapy, considering three groups of patients with different cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. Materials and Methods: The study evaluated 68 consecutively treated patients. The age of the patients varied from 7 to 27 years old (mean age 13.45). The sample was divided into the following three groups based on CVM stage at the start of treatment: Group 1 (CS1–CS2) included 21 patients (mean age 10.21, SD 1.34), Group 2 (CS3–CS4) included 28 patients (mean age 13.37, SD 1.37) and Group 3 (CS5–CS6) was composed of 19 patients (mean age 17.14, SD 3.48). Each patient underwent orthodontic therapy where the first step was a palatal expansion by means of a hybrid expander; afterwards, the therapy was completed with a multi-bracket appliance. Expansion and torque values were observed at the end of treatment on digital models. Results: Significant intragroup differences in transversal expansion were found over time for all parameters in all groups. No significant differences were found among groups for longitudinal changes. No significant differences were found among groups for longitudinal changes of torque. Conclusions: The tooth–bone-borne maxillary expander and multi-bracket produced a significant clinical expansion with negligible dental compensation. The effect of the maxillary expansion and multi-bracket therapy showed no differences among the maturation groups in regard to transversal diameter changes and torque values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Orthodontics - 2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 1831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Assessment of the Bonding Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Custom-Printed Polycrystalline Alumina Brackets and Conventional Brackets

by Luay Jabr, P. Emile Rossouw, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis, Shaima Malik, Timothy T. Wheeler and Abdul Basir Barmak

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020924 - 22 Jan 2024

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Abstract

Objective: The objective was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) amongst six orthodontic bracket groups. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional printed polycrystalline alumina brackets (3DBs), ceramic brackets (CBs), and metal brackets (MBs), divided into six groups, were bonded to bovine incisors using different bonding procedures. The SBSs were obtained using a universal testing machine, and the ARIs were assessed with a stereomicroscope. The statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for SBS differences and Fisher’s exact test to show ARI differences amongst the groups (p < 0.05). Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were measured amongst the SBSs of the 3DB groups (12.3 MPa, 12.6 MPa, 12.3 MPa, 11.0 MPa, respectively). The latter four groups generally had significantly lower SBSs (p < 0.001) than the conventional bracket groups, CB and MB (16.9 MPa and 19.3 MPa, respectively). Also, there was no significant difference in SBSs for the CB and MB groups (p > 0.05). A high ARI for CBs and MBs (2) indicated that more than 50% of the adhesive remained on the enamel surface. The four 3DB groups had no residual adhesive or less than 50% adhesive on the enamel surface after debonding (ARI scores 0 and 1). A significant difference in ARI levels existed across the types of brackets (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Three-dimensional printed polycrystalline alumina brackets exhibited adequate SBS values for successful bonding. However, the values were lower compared to those for conventional ceramic and metal brackets. The majority of the adhesive remnant for the 3D-printed brackets was mainly located on the bracket base. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Orthodontics - 2nd Edition)

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Other

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18 pages, 1863 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effects of Common Surface Modifications on the Mechanical Properties of Miniscrews: A Systematic Review

by Hilal Yilanci and Pınar Gezer

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031314 - 5 Feb 2024

Viewed by 636

Abstract

Aim: The objective of this systematic review was to offer quantitative evidence regarding the influence of surface properties on the mechanical stability of miniscrews. Materials and Methods: The comprehensive search strategy involved querying databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. PRISMA guidelines were followed to determine relevant studies according to specific eligibility criteria. The final search was conducted on 30 August 2023. In this systematic review, in vivo studies published in the English language were included. Results: A total of 364 articles were viewed, and 17 of them were considered for evaluation. Two of the articles are about human studies, while the rest are about animal studies. The number of miniscrew samples ranged between 18 and 144 (totaling 1097 with a mean of 64.52). Among the surface modifications in the articles, the sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SLA) method was most frequently applied, followed by acid etching in second place. The control groups’ (machined surface) maximum removal torque (MRT) values varied from 2.05 to 50.50 Ncm, while maximum insertion torque (MIT) values varied from 7.23 to 19.25 Ncm. Conclusions: The development of novel applications to improve the surface properties and survival rates of miniscrews is ongoing. In future studies, emerging surface modifications should be evaluated clinically, taking into account their cost and associated harm to the environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Orthodontics - 2nd Edition)

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