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TES Materials for High Temperature Applications
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TES Materials for High Temperature Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 8305

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Angel G. Fernandez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
GREiA Research Group, University of Lleida, Pere de Cabrera s/n, 25001 Lleida, Spain
Interests: thermal energy storage; sensible heat storage; molten salts; corrosion mitigation; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; alumina forming alloys; material sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermal energy storage (TES) is one of the hot topics for the integration of renewable energies in high-temperature industry. TES materials for high-temperature applications is key for increasing energy efficiency in turbine blocks and contributing to climate change mitigation. Moreover, there are still some issues that need to be addressed, especially for high-temperature applications. This Special Issue is focused on thermal energy storage materials and systems enhancement for industrial applications at temperatures up 150 °C.

Examples of relevant subjects include, but are not limited to, the following:

- Development of TES materials working up 150 °C;

- Sensible, latent, and thermochemical energy storage systems;

- TES materials for concentrated solar power technology;

- Corrosion studies in TES systems;

- TES materials for industrial waste heat recovery;

- Corrosion mitigation strategies at high temperature;

- Thermal properties improvement of TES materials at high temperature.

Dr. Angel G. Fernandez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 1916 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Corrosion Test Using LiNO3 Containing Molten Salt for CSP Applications
by Angel G. Fernández, Belén Muñoz-Sánchez, Javier Nieto-Maestre and Luisa F. Cabeza
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4305; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124305 - 23 Jun 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2687
Abstract
Low melting point thermal energy storage (TES) materials have been proposed in the last years to reduce the storage cost in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology. One of the most interesting additive due to the enhancement in thermal properties is lithium nitrate. However, [...] Read more.
Low melting point thermal energy storage (TES) materials have been proposed in the last years to reduce the storage cost in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology. One of the most interesting additive due to the enhancement in thermal properties is lithium nitrate. However, there is a lack of dynamic corrosion tests to simulate real operation conditions in CSP plants. In this work, we present a dynamic reactor set up where a mixture of 30 wt.% LiNO3 + 57 wt.% KNO3 + 13 wt.%. NaNO3 is moved through a mechanical stirrer obtaining a lineal speed of 0.30 m/s. A commercial carbon steel A516 was tested as container material at 390 °C during 1000 h. Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were obtained as the main corrosion products by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) with a metallographic corrosion rate of 0.015 mm/year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TES Materials for High Temperature Applications)
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9 pages, 3509 KiB  
Article
Cathodic Protection Using Aluminum Metal in Chloride Molten Salts as Thermal Energy Storage Material in Concentrating Solar Power Plants
by Angel G. Fernández and Luisa F. Cabeza
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3724; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113724 - 27 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
The new generation of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants to be developed presents a great challenge related to the increase in maximum operating temperature since molten salt CSP technologies require alternative salt chemistries such as chloride. The cathodic protection strategy involves the addition [...] Read more.
The new generation of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants to be developed presents a great challenge related to the increase in maximum operating temperature since molten salt CSP technologies require alternative salt chemistries such as chloride. The cathodic protection strategy involves the addition of a sacrificial metal to prevent corrosion of the alloy tested as container material in a CSP plant. In this paper, aluminum (Al) metal was analyzed as a corrosion inhibitor in OCT and HR224 alloys, obtaining corrosion rates of 4.37 and 0.27 mm/y, respectively. It has been confirmed that the use of Al metal can reduce the anodic current which is directly related to the corrosion rate. The formation of protective alumina scales (Al2O3) was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming the corrosion model results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy monitoring tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TES Materials for High Temperature Applications)
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21 pages, 7306 KiB  
Article
A Materials Screening Test of Corrosion Monitoring in LiNO3 Containing Molten Salts as a Thermal Energy Storage Material for CSP Plants
by Abdiel Mallco, Carlos Portillo, Marcelo J Kogan, Felipe Galleguillos and Angel G. Fernández
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3160; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093160 - 1 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, in the context of thermal energy storage (TES) upgrades, need to provide a timely and effective response to the corrosion process that occurs due to the effect of high temperatures, where one of the main challenges is to [...] Read more.
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, in the context of thermal energy storage (TES) upgrades, need to provide a timely and effective response to the corrosion process that occurs due to the effect of high temperatures, where one of the main challenges is to control its effect, and thus the costs related to the materials used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were applied in this study as a corrosion monitoring technique. The electrochemical tests were carried out on the materials AISI304, AISI430, and HR-224 immersed in a mixture of ternary salt composed of 57 wt.% KNO3 + 13 wt.% NaNO3 + 30 wt.% LiNO3 at 550 °C during 100 h of exposure and subsequently compared with solar salt. The test was also carried out on the VM12 alloy in the ternary salt with lithium content at 100 and 1000 h of exposure at 550 °C. The corrosion tests show that the materials conform to a model of protective layer in which the same results were contrasted with the chemical corrosion mechanism of nitrate mixture. According to the results obtained in this research, electrochemical techniques could be an interesting option to control corrosion in CSP plants and reduce operational risks during operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TES Materials for High Temperature Applications)
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