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Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Environmental Hydrology

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 6569

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nejc Bezak

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: hydrology; sediment transport; soil erosion; rainfall; runoff; modelling; engineering applications; floods
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Dr. Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
2. Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agrarian School of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: land-use changes; land degradation; surface hydrology; water resources; nature-based solutions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Zahra Kalantari

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Guest Editor

Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: regional and global hydrology; water resources; water-related disasters; sustainable urban and rural development
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change is accelerating the water cycle and influencing the hydrological processes across multiple scales. Therefore, enhanced knowledge about different elements of the hydrological cycle in changed environments are needed in order to prevent, protect and predict extreme events such as floods, one of the most extreme and catastrophic natural hazards. Thus, the main objective of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances in the field of hydrology with a focus on climate change. The topics covered by this Special Issue are (but not limited to):

Investigations of the climate change impact on hydrological processes and extreme events;
Presenting the recent enhancements in the field of hydrological extremes disaster risk prediction;
Modelling applications to assess the impact of climate change in the field of hydrology;
Hydro-meteorological risk management including green, hybrid and gray infrastructure measures;
Strategies to enhance rural and urban resilience to extreme hydro-meteorological events under current and future climate conditions.

Submissions of review papers, original research investigations and case studies are encouraged.

Dr. Nejc Bezak
Dr. Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira
Dr. Zahra Kalantari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

hydrological processes
climate change
floods
droughts risk management
water resources

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Historic Socio-Hydromorphology Co-Evolution in the Delta of Neretva

by Jure Margeta

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6477; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156477 - 25 Jul 2024

Viewed by 368

Abstract

This study presents the historical sequence of the inter-relationship between climate, sea-level change, hydromorphology, and the society in the “Delta of Neretva”, Croatia. This study aims to support future-oriented planning, since the cumulative impact of climate and mean sea-level changes on the delta hydromorphology and socio-economy is very uncertain and difficult to predict. In particular, the sustainability development of the Delta of Neretva requires a long-range strategy that is complicated to outline. In the proposed approach, hydromorphology is used as a sustainability indicator since it considers both the physical character and water content of the delta and looks at how nature and human activities influence the biophysical system and economy. The direction of delta progression and persistence of socio-hydromorphology are evaluated with the assessment of system entropy generation considering the simple system state function. Such a method overcomes the difficulties posed by top–down and bottom–up approaches, making future scenarios and cumulative impacts visible and understandable to stakeholders. The historical co-evolution results indicate that the delta in the future could become a submerged estuary (rias), that is, a sea bay as a result of the subsequent delta progradation caused by an MSL rise, similar to the progradation during the Holocene, and decreasing sediment deposition due to anthropologic processes in their watershed. Technology (policy) assessment suggests that adaptation measures that gradually support environmental security and sustainable livelihoods, i.e., increase natural order at a society-acceptable cost, are preferable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Environmental Hydrology)

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18 pages, 2137 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering Approach to Assessing the Vulnerability of Water Abstraction

by Jure Margeta

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051879 - 25 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 655

Abstract

Variability in stream flow/discharge results in serious problems for engineers and difficulties in characterizing water systems under future climatic conditions. The management of water security in the engineering domain requires approaches aimed at minimizing the detrimental effects of the hydrological behavior of natural systems. Abstraction facilities must be strengthened to ensure sustainable supply and water security over time and at different scales. Several approaches and methodologies have been developed to translate water security into a framework that provides information on how to improve it. In this study, a scalar range idea is used to evaluate the sensitivity of a water resource system and cause–effect linkages define the vulnerability indicator as management-relevant information to address water security. This intuitively relates the extreme deviations of a particular streamflow to the average system response related to a particular hazard indicator. This determines the current stress in the operation of the abstraction facilities based on historical hydrometeorological changes, which is the basis for assessing future operational conditions and risks. This study uses streamflow extremes and averages as hazard-relevant indicators of water supply security. The results of the two case studies show that the applied approach fully appreciates the internal properties of water resource systems that affect the sensitivity/vulnerability of streamflow, as well as the derived streamflow vulnerability index and function. The obtained results were used to assess the vulnerability of water intake as well as the choice of safety factors and design parameters in accordance with the forecasted average annual and seasonal climate factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Environmental Hydrology)

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15 pages, 8992 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geosystemic Impacts of the Extreme Rainfall Linked to the El Niño 2015/2016 Event in Northern Paraná, Brazil

by Otávio Cristiano Montanher, Cíntia Minaki, Eduardo Souza de Morais, Juliana de Paula Silva and Paulo Pereira

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9678; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179678 - 27 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 860

Abstract

The El Niño episode between September 2015 and February 2016 caused abundant rainfall in the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. In this study, we map the greatest magnitude of this climatic event and the respective geosystem responses in the landscape. For this purpose, 32 precipitation series were analyzed (1981–2016). The parameter most indicative of extreme rainfall events during the El Niño period was the six-month accumulated precipitation. The return period (RP) of this parameter was calculated and spatialized using kriging. The results show that a longitudinal strip of 450 km by 140 km had rainfall with RP > 30 years, reaching maximums greater than 150 years. Surveys performed in the field, with aerial images, official sources and media news show a great diversity of effects caused by rainfall, such as road blockages, interruption of water and power supply, and erosion in urban and rural areas. It is concluded that the stability of regional geosystems was disrupted because of extreme rainfall values, so that the northwest region of Paraná had less resilience compared to the north-central and Pioneer North regions, due to the differences between the lithologies and soils of these regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Environmental Hydrology)

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18 pages, 13225 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Vulnerability in Flood Prone Areas Using Analytic Hierarchy Process—Group Decision Making and Geographic Information System: A Case Study in Portugal

by Sandra Mourato, Paulo Fernandez, Luísa Gomes Pereira and Madalena Moreira

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4915; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084915 - 13 Apr 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3688

Abstract

A flood vulnerability index was constructed by coupling Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping capabilities with an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Group Decision-Making (GDM) resulting from a paired comparison matrix of expert groups to assign weights to each of the standardised criteria. A survey was sent to 25 flood experts from government organisations, universities, research institutes, NGOs, and the private sector (56% academics and 44% non-academics). Respondents made pairwise comparisons for several criteria (population, socio-economic, buildings, and exposed elements) and sub-criteria. The group priorities were obtained by combining the Consistency Ratio (CR) and Euclidean Distance (ED) measures to assess the weight of each expert and obtain a final weight for each criterion and sub-criteria. In Portugal, 23 flood-prone areas were considered, and this work contributes with a tool to assess the flood vulnerability and consequently the flood risk. The flood vulnerability index was calculated, and the relevance of the proposed framework is demonstrated for flood-prone areas, in mainland Portugal. The results showed that in all five hydrographic regions, flood-prone areas with very high vulnerability were found, corresponding to areas with a high probability of flooding. The most vulnerable areas are Ponte de Lima in the North, Coimbra, and Pombal in the Centre; Loures in the Tagus and West Region; Setúbal and Alcácer do Sal in the Alentejo Region and Monchique in the Algarve Region. This methodology has the potential to be successfully applied to other flood-prone areas, combining the opinions of stakeholders validated by a mathematical model, which allows the vulnerability of the site to be assessed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Environmental Hydrology)

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