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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials
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Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 9537

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiaojian Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
Interests: electromagnetic materials; terahertz; metamaterils

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electromagnetic materials refer to materials that can manipulate electromagnetic waves, which can control the amplitude, phase, polarization, spectrum, and other characteristics of electromagnetic waves. In addition to natural materials, such as magneto-dielectric electromagnetic materials and various natural electromagnetic shielding materials, the research on artificial electromagnetic materials, also known as metamaterials, has also received extensive attention from researchers in recent years. Metamaterials refer to a kind of artificially structured media composed of periodically or non-periodically arranged subwavelength unit cells, which achieve exotic electromagnetic properties beyond the limits of naturally occurring materials. Metamaterials have shown significant applications in invisibility cloaks, lenses, antennas, etc. Metasurfaces, the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, are attracting more and more attention recently. Metasurfaces have been widely reported with various functions, such as anomalous refraction, polarization conversion, vortex beam generation, holographic imaging, etc. So far, electromagnetic materials, including metamaterials and metasurfaces, have shown great potential in wireless communication, data storage, energy conversion, and biological and medical sensing and imaging. This Special Issue is dedicated to a broad collection of expert views and articles on a wide range of topics including the design, simulation, fabrication, experimentation, and various applications of various electromagnetic materials.

Dr. Xiaojian Fu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electromagnetic materials
  • metamaterials
  • metasurfaces

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 157 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on the Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials
by Xiaojian Fu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11413; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011413 - 18 Oct 2023
Viewed by 617
Abstract
Electromagnetic materials refer to materials that can manipulate electromagnetic waves, which can control the amplitude, phase, polarization, spectrum, and other characteristics of electromagnetic waves [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

10 pages, 4471 KiB  
Communication
Speech Communication System Based on Piezoelectric Electret Mechanical Antenna
by Shuopu Wang, Jing Yang, Ping Lu, Shaolong Yang, Limin Guo, Yanan Hao, Kai Huang and Jianchun Xu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2332; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042332 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have strong penetration and low attenuation performance, making them widely used in long-wave communication areas such as underwater communication and earthquake prediction. Mechanical antennas are seen as a promising alternative to traditional low-frequency resonant antennas, as they offer the potential [...] Read more.
Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have strong penetration and low attenuation performance, making them widely used in long-wave communication areas such as underwater communication and earthquake prediction. Mechanical antennas are seen as a promising alternative to traditional low-frequency resonant antennas, as they offer the potential for miniaturization and low power consumption. However, existing communication systems using mechanical antennas are usually rudimentary, incompatible, and inconvenient to use. To address these problems, a novel speech communication system based on a piezoelectric electret mechanical antenna was proposed. This communication system includes a hardware system, a communication protocol for mechanical antennas, and a software system with a modular structure. This system includes hardware, a communication protocol, and a modular software system. The results of the experiments showed that this communication system provides real-time speech communication with a user-friendly design, high compatibility with different communication devices, and easy customization to meet specific requirements. This design holds great potential for applications in mineral detection, seismic research, submarine communication, industrial RF control, and other related mechanical antenna applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)
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8 pages, 1700 KiB  
Communication
Grating-like Terahertz Metasurface for Large-Deflection-Angle Beam Manipulations
by Yuan Fu, Xiaojian Fu, Lei Shi and Tie Jun Cui
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12322; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312322 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Multifunctional terahertz beam manipulations have attracted much attention because of the potential for wide-scale applications in terahertz imaging, communications, etc. In this work, a grating-like terahertz reflective-type metasurface is designed for terahertz beam manipulations on the basis of a frequency-scanning mechanism. The theoretical [...] Read more.
Multifunctional terahertz beam manipulations have attracted much attention because of the potential for wide-scale applications in terahertz imaging, communications, etc. In this work, a grating-like terahertz reflective-type metasurface is designed for terahertz beam manipulations on the basis of a frequency-scanning mechanism. The theoretical calculation based on the grating principle has predicted that the metasurface grating can steer the deflected beam from 59.5° to 47.3° as the frequency of the perpendicularly incident terahertz wave changes between 0.87 and 1.02 THz. The large-deflection-angle frequency-scanning performance is validated by both numerical simulations and experimental tests. The metasurface grating developed in this work possesses the potential for applications in terahertz beam steering and beam-splitting devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)
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11 pages, 5039 KiB  
Communication
Two-Dimensional Beam Steering Based on Compact Programmable Coding Metasurface
by Fei Yang, Fan Xu, Chenxi Liu, Xinyu Yang, Ziqiang Wang, Junwei Wu and Xiaojian Fu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11780; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211780 - 19 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
A programmable coding metasurface provides unprecedented flexibility to manipulate electromagnetic waves dynamically. By controlling the peculiarity of subwavelength artificial atoms, devices with metasurfaces perform various functionalities. In this paper, a compact programmable coding metasurface with PIN diodes is proposed to realize the beam [...] Read more.
A programmable coding metasurface provides unprecedented flexibility to manipulate electromagnetic waves dynamically. By controlling the peculiarity of subwavelength artificial atoms, devices with metasurfaces perform various functionalities. In this paper, a compact programmable coding metasurface with PIN diodes is proposed to realize the beam steering in the Ka band. The phase distribution on the metasurface can be actively controlled by switching the states of each meta-atom. By tuning the phase gradient along the metasurface plane, the reflective beam can scan all directions in the upper half-plane. In addition, the compact metasurface is easier to integrate, which could expand the fields of applications. The full-wave simulation results show that the radiation direction of the main lobe is consistent with the theoretical calculation results, and the maximum steering angle of simulation is 60°. As experimental verification, a prototype was processed and the functionality of beam steering in the xoz plane and in the yoz plane was tested. Experimental results show that the designed metasurface can achieve beam steering in both planes, and the maximum scan angle is 45° in the xoz plane. The proposed metasurface opens a new way of beam steering in half space, which may have potential applications in sensing and wireless communications in millimeter waves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)
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7 pages, 2367 KiB  
Communication
Mie-Metamaterials-Based Electromagnetic Absorbing Concrete
by Hongya Wu, Han Dong, Yafan Zhang, Danni Zhou, Hao Fang, Shengjian Qin, Guoqiang Qin and Guanglei Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11389; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211389 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1195
Abstract
A metamaterial structure using steel reinforcement and dielectric cubes was designed, which was introduced into concrete to improve the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of concrete. A near-unit absorption peak at 9.82 GHz was generated in simulation and experimental results. It is also demonstrated [...] Read more.
A metamaterial structure using steel reinforcement and dielectric cubes was designed, which was introduced into concrete to improve the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of concrete. A near-unit absorption peak at 9.82 GHz was generated in simulation and experimental results. It is also demonstrated that this metamaterial absorbing concrete is insensitive to polarization and can operate at wide angle of incidence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)
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15 pages, 1479 KiB  
Article
Extraction of the Electromagnetic Parameters of a Metamaterial Using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir Method: An Analysis Based on Global Analytic Functions and Riemann Surfaces
by Giovanni Angiulli and Mario Versaci
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11121; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111121 - 2 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1230
Abstract
The characterization of electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs) plays a fundamental role in their engineering processes. To this end, the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method is intensively used to recover the effective parameters of MMs, even though this is affected by the branch ambiguity problem. In this [...] Read more.
The characterization of electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs) plays a fundamental role in their engineering processes. To this end, the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method is intensively used to recover the effective parameters of MMs, even though this is affected by the branch ambiguity problem. In this paper, we face this issue in the context of global analytic functions and Riemann surfaces. This point of view allows us to rigorously demonstrate the mathematical foundations of an algorithmic approach for avoiding the branch ambiguity problem, in which the phase unwrapping method is merged with K-K relations for recovering the effective parameters of an MM. In addition, exploiting the intimate relationship between the K-K relations and the Hilbert transform, a simple variant of the above algorithm is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)
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8 pages, 3712 KiB  
Article
Scattering from a Truncated Metamaterial Layer Hosted by a Planar PEC Structure: Uniform Asymptotic Solution and Validation Tests
by Giovanni Riccio, Gianluca Gennarelli, Flaminio Ferrara, Claudio Gennarelli and Rocco Guerriero
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7302; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147302 - 20 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 862
Abstract
This research paper proposes an analytical approach for evaluating electromagnetic scattering from a planar complex object made of a perfect electric conductor, which hosts a double negative metamaterial half-layer on the lit face. The method is based on the physical optics approximation of [...] Read more.
This research paper proposes an analytical approach for evaluating electromagnetic scattering from a planar complex object made of a perfect electric conductor, which hosts a double negative metamaterial half-layer on the lit face. The method is based on the physical optics approximation of equivalent sources and works in the framework of the uniform geometrical theory of diffracion, so that the scattered field in the surrounding free space is obtained by adding the reflected contribution and the diffracted one, which is originated by the surface break. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested and proved by using a full-wave numerical tool to generate reference values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials)
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