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Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery
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Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 8467

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shuyang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: application of AI/ML in reservoir characterization and simulation; optimization of injection and production strategy; CO2-EOR/EGR
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lei Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: micromechanism of phase transition and heat/mass transfer in sediments
Dr. Youwei He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: phase behavior and multi-phase flow in porous media of underground gas storage and CO2 utilization and storage
Dr. Bin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Centre of Ecology &Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: heat and mass transfer in porous media related with gas hydrate and CCUS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy is the engine of world development. Geo-energy, including conventional fossil fuels and other new geo-energy reservoirs, will continue playing a vital role in the energy supply system for decades before realizing energy transformation. The new methods and technologies in the development of geo-energy, especially some relatively cleaner geo-energies, such as natural gas hydrates, shale gas, coal bed methane, geothermal resource, etc., and enhanced oil/gas recovery have had a rapid expansion in past years. New knowledge and new technology in the fields of geo-energy production and enhanced oil/gas recovery are still hot topics. This Special Issue aims to solicit recent progress and best practices in the fields of geo-energy development and enhanced oil/gas recovery.

The following are some of the topics proposed for the Special Issue (not an exhaustive list):

  • Development of gas hydrates reservoirs;
  • Development of geothermal resources, hot dry rock geothermal system;
  • Development of shale oil/gas reservoirs;
  • Enhanced oil/gas recovery from conventional reservoirs;
  • Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS);
  • Underground gas storage; 
  • Advances and new technologies in the other geo-energy development.

Dr. Shuyang Liu
Dr. Lei Yang
Dr. Youwei He
Dr. Bin Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • geo-energy
  • hydrate
  • geothermal energy
  • shale oil/gas
  • enhanced oil/gas recovery
  • CCUS
  • underground gas storage

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5334 KiB  
Article
Numerical Calculation Method of Key Performance Parameters of Proppant Based on 2D Computer Simulation
by Yunxiang Zhao, Xijun Ke, Yunwei Kang and Ke Li
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6322; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146322 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 798
Abstract
The key performance parameters of proppant are mainly the crushing rate and fracture conductivity, which are usually evaluated using physical experimental methods. However, the testing method for fracture conductivity has limitations, such as its long time-consumption, high testing costs, instability, and even the [...] Read more.
The key performance parameters of proppant are mainly the crushing rate and fracture conductivity, which are usually evaluated using physical experimental methods. However, the testing method for fracture conductivity has limitations, such as its long time-consumption, high testing costs, instability, and even the presence of large errors in testing results under the same conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a calculation method that can replace physical experiments. Firstly, we analyze the random and deterministic phenomena in the contact relationship between proppant particles from a microscopic perspective. Subsequently, we develop a physical model of the microscopic arrangement of these particles, enabling us to conduct further computer simulations of their microscopic configuration. Secondly, we conduct a microscopic mechanical analysis of the contact between proppant particles and between particles and boundaries and establish a corresponding mathematical model. Then, utilizing the simulation and mechanical analysis results of the proppant, we calculate the crushing rate. Considering the crushing rate of proppant, we improve the Kozeny–Carmen equation to determine the fracture permeability, and subsequently calculate the fracture conductivity. Finally, the calculated results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the calculated values for the proppant crushing rate and fracture conductivity matched well with experimental data, and that the model’s calculation values were more accurate. As the number of simulations increased, the accuracy of the calculation results became higher. Research shows that the fracture conductivity is influenced by factors such as the particle size, microstructure, and crushing rate. Numerical calculation methods can replace physical experiments and provide theoretical support for engineering applications of hydraulic fracturing proppant materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery)
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18 pages, 6635 KiB  
Article
Study on Microscopic Characteristics and Rock Mechanical Properties of Tight Sandstone after Acidification–Supercritical CO2 Composite Action: Case Study from Xujiahe Formation, China
by Yunfei Zhao, Gun Huang, Qinming Liang and Qiang Chen
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 4108; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104108 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Acidified CO2 fracturing is a viable method for increasing production in deep, tight sandstone reservoirs. However, the potential mechanism of changes in pore structure and mechanical properties of sandstone under acidified CO2 supercritical composite is not clear. Understanding this mechanism is [...] Read more.
Acidified CO2 fracturing is a viable method for increasing production in deep, tight sandstone reservoirs. However, the potential mechanism of changes in pore structure and mechanical properties of sandstone under acidified CO2 supercritical composite is not clear. Understanding this mechanism is important for the study of crack initiation and extension in tight sandstone reservoirs. This study utilizes sandstone samples from the Xujiahe Formation reservoir in Rongchang District as experimental specimens. The primary focus is to analyze the changes in pore structure and mechanical properties of these samples after acidification–supercritical CO2 composite action. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and uniaxial compression tests are employed as the main investigative techniques. The results show that there was a physicochemical synergy between the acidification–supercritical CO2 composite effect; the crack initial stress, damage stress, and peak stress of the sandstone after 16 MPa supercritical CO2 acidification treatment were reduced by 20%, 49.5%, and 49.8%, respectively; the crack volumetric strain accelerated and the sandstone evolved from brittle to ductile damage; and the larger pore space and microcracks of the sandstone increased significantly after the treatment, which can be attributed to the gradual dissolution of intergranular cement leading to the formation of new pores connected to the existing pore network. The change mechanism of sandstone after acidification–supercritical CO2 compound treatment is also proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery)
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40 pages, 15541 KiB  
Article
Post-Fracture Production Prediction with Production Segmentation and Well Logging: Harnessing Pipelines and Hyperparameter Tuning with GridSearchCV
by Yongtao Sun, Jinwei Wang, Tao Wang, Jingsong Li, Zhipeng Wei, Aibin Fan, Huisheng Liu, Shoucun Chen, Zhuo Zhang, Yuanyuan Chen and Lei Huang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 3954; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14103954 - 7 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
As the petroleum industry increasingly exploits unconventional reservoirs with low permeability and porosity, accurate predictions of post-fracture production are becoming critical for investment decisions, energy policy development, and environmental impact assessments. However, despite extensive research, accurately forecasting post-fracture production using well-log data continues [...] Read more.
As the petroleum industry increasingly exploits unconventional reservoirs with low permeability and porosity, accurate predictions of post-fracture production are becoming critical for investment decisions, energy policy development, and environmental impact assessments. However, despite extensive research, accurately forecasting post-fracture production using well-log data continues to be a complex challenge. This study introduces a new method of data volume expansion, which is to subdivide the gas production of each well on the first day according to the depth of logging data, and to rely on the correlation model between petrophysical parameters and gas production to accurately combine the gas production data while matching the accuracy of the well-log data. Twelve pipelines were constructed utilizing a range of techniques to fit the regression relationship between logging parameters and post-fracture gas production These included data preprocessing methods (StandardScaler and RobustScaler), feature extraction approaches (PCA and PolynomialFeatures), and advanced machine learning models (XGBoost, Random Forest, and neural networks). Hyperparameter optimization was executed via GridSearchCV. To assess the efficacy of diverse models, metrics including the coefficient of determination (R2), standard deviation (SD), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were invoked. Among the several pipelines explored, the PFS-NN exhibited excellent predictive capability in specific reservoir contexts. In essence, integrating machine learning with logging parameters can be used to effectively assess reservoir productivity at multi-meter formation scales. This strategy not only mitigates uncertainties endemic to reservoir exploration but also equips petroleum engineers with the ability to monitor reservoir dynamics, thereby facilitating reservoir development. Additionally, this approach provides reservoir engineers with an efficient means of reservoir performance oversight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery)
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18 pages, 3300 KiB  
Article
Evolution Characteristics of the Strength and Dilation Parameters of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments and a Modeling Study
by Jincai Yu, Cheng Cheng and Jintao Yang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062517 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1213
Abstract
Gas hydrate has gradually become a new potential energy resource. However, some engineering and environmental problems related to the mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBS) during gas recovery may occur. Many studies have been carried out on the basic mechanical properties of [...] Read more.
Gas hydrate has gradually become a new potential energy resource. However, some engineering and environmental problems related to the mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBS) during gas recovery may occur. Many studies have been carried out on the basic mechanical properties of GHBS samples based on laboratory tests, but their evolution characteristics and suitable models require further research. Based on a series of data analyses of published laboratory experimental results on GHBS samples with different hydrate saturations under various confining pressures, the evolution characteristics of strength and dilation parameters were investigated. It was found that cohesion (c) increases quickly to a peak value and then decreases gradually to a residual value with an increasing plastic shear strain, and the samples with higher hydrate saturations have higher initial values, peak values, and residual values of cohesion (c). The internal friction angle (φ) increases quickly with increasing plastic shear strain and then becomes stable at a residual value for all the samples with different hydrate saturations. The dilation angle (ψ) increases from negative to positive values with increasing plastic shear strain and then becomes stable at a residual value. These characteristics are likely to be related to the compaction occurring at the early stage of compression before expansion due to dilation. In this paper, a non-linearly fitted model is proposed considering the evolution of the mechanical parameters, and the verification tests show that the proposed model can simulate the stress–strain behaviors of the GHBS samples well. This model is also adopted in the stability analysis of submarine slopes containing hydrate reservoirs. The analytical approach is developed, accompanied by the strength reduction method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery)
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21 pages, 7704 KiB  
Article
A Wavelet Extraction Method of Attenuation Media for Direct Acoustic Impedance Inversion in Depth Domain
by Chengyu Sun, Ruiqian Cai and Zhen’an Yao
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2478; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062478 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
The seismic image produced by pre-stack depth migration is more accurate and has clearer geological significance than the time image. However, the waveform of the depth-domain seismic image is affected not only by depth-dependent velocity variation but also by media attenuation, resulting in [...] Read more.
The seismic image produced by pre-stack depth migration is more accurate and has clearer geological significance than the time image. However, the waveform of the depth-domain seismic image is affected not only by depth-dependent velocity variation but also by media attenuation, resulting in strong spectral variation of depth-domain seismic data. Therefore, depth-domain seismic inversion is still challenging. We propose a wavelet extraction method of attenuation media based on the generalized seismic wavelet, to address this issue. Then, the estimated depth-domain wavelets were applied to the direct acoustic impedance inversion. First, we investigated the effect of attenuation media on depth-domain source wavelets and derived an analytical formula for the depth-domain wavelets of attenuation media. Next, the time-domain generalized seismic wavelet was extended to the depth domain, which was utilized to study the feasibility of using the generalized seismic wavelet to characterize the seismic wavelet of the depth-domain attenuation media. Based on the orthogonal matching pursuit, we propose a method to extract the depth-domain generalized seismic wavelet directly from depth-domain seismic data. Finally, we applied this method to the depth-domain direct acoustic impedance inversion of a 3D field data example. Tests on the synthetic and 3D field datasets show that the proposed method can correctly extract the depth-domain seismic wavelet of attenuation media and attain direct inversion of the depth-domain acoustic impedance with high accuracy. Therefore, our method is effective and has robust potential in reservoir characterization, fluid prediction, and attribute extraction in the depth domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery)
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13 pages, 2028 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Phase Equilibrium Conditions and Thermodynamic Stability of CO2-CH4 Gas Hydrate
by Haoran Ma, Jiaqi Liu, Yunyi Zhang, Jingming Li, Jingyu Kan and Nan Li
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062320 - 9 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
With the large-scale promotion and application of CO2 flooding, more and more engineering problems have emerged. Due to the high CO2 mole fraction, the associated gas of CO2 flooding very easily forms solid hydrates, compared to conventional natural gas. This [...] Read more.
With the large-scale promotion and application of CO2 flooding, more and more engineering problems have emerged. Due to the high CO2 mole fraction, the associated gas of CO2 flooding very easily forms solid hydrates, compared to conventional natural gas. This has resulted in production decline or shutdown. Understanding the phase equilibrium conditions for hydrate formation in production fluids is crucial for hydrate prevention and control. In this study, accurate predictions of CO2-CH4 mixed gas hydrate formation conditions were performed using theoretical models. The temperature and pressure ranges for hydrate formation were calculated for different CO2 mole fraction, ranging from −11.5 °C to 20.85 °C and from 0.81 MPa to −28.1 MPa, respectively. Based on the calculated phase equilibrium data, a multi-parameter empirical model was developed using polynomial fitting. The calculation errors for the multi-parameter empirical model were 3.09%. The multi-parameter empirical model established in this study can avoid complex thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and has the advantages of simplicity, high accuracy, and wide coverage of downhole conditions. Based on the calculated phase equilibrium data, the dissociation enthalpy of CO2-CH4 hydrate below and above the freezing point of water was calculated. The results showed that an increase in CO2 mole fraction led to an increase in hydrate dissociation enthalpy and enhanced thermodynamic stability, making hydrate prevention more challenging. Our work can contribute to the optimization of CO2 production fluid treatment processes and the development of hydrate prevention and control technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geo-Energy Development and Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery)
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