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Recent Advances in GNSS High-Precision Positioning and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 7560

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
Interests: multi-GNSS positioning; quality control and integrity monitoring; GNSS ionosphere sensing; geodesy and surveying

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Guest Editor
ESTEC, European Space Agency, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Interests: multi-GNSS precise positioning; integer ambiguity resolution; estimation theory
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Society’s reliance on high-accuracy and high-integrity Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and products is rapidly growing; therefore, advancements in models and algorithms are needed to address the challenges in enhancing the accuracy, availability, convergence, and integrity of high-precision GNSS applications.

With the ongoing rapid development of Galileo (Europe) and BeiDou (China), and the modernization of GPS (USA) and GLONASS (Russia), there is an increase in the number of tracked satellites and frequencies, which can serve in improving both positioning and non-positioning applications. The integration of such GNSS data can lead, for example, to positioning performance improvements in adverse environments, reduction of the convergence times, and also improvements in the sampling of the troposphere and the ionosphere in both space and time. Although one has traditionally relied on expensive GNSS equipment for such applications, technological developments have enabled precise positioning even with low-cost mass-market GNSS receivers and smartphones, thus resulting in a range of numerous new applications that require efficient data-processing frameworks. Further, the extension of the family of GNSS constellations with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have highlighted the navigational advantages the users can enjoy, which include, among others, improved satellite geometry, rapid convergence, observational redundancy and improved multipath mitigation. With these GNSS developments, new problems and challenges come to the fore that require rigorous models and algorithms for integrating such multi-system and multi-frequency sensory data and also for handling the biases that contaminate the latter.

The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight recent developments in high-precision GNSS positioning models, algorithms, and applications. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Multi-GNSS multi-frequency PPP, RTK, PPP-RTK models and algorithms, making use of high-grade and low-cost equipment
  • Quality characterization of smartphone GNSS observations;
  • Functional and stochastic models for multi-GNSS precise positioning with smartphones;
  • Characterization and handling of multi-GNSS inter-system and inter-/intra-frequency code and phase biases;
  • Ionospheric and tropospheric modelling;
  • Carrier-phase ambiguity resolution;
  • GNSS-LEO observation modeling and integration;
  • Integrity monitoring;
  • GNSS-based lunar navigation;
  • Satellite orbit dynamics.

Dr. Safoora Zaminpardaz
Dr. Dimitrios Psychas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
  • Precise Point Positioning (PPP)
  • Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning
  • Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR)
  • atmosphere
  • GNSS biases
  • smartphones
  • LEO

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5241 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Height Changes of Continuous GNSS Stations in the Eastern Anatolia Region during the Seasonal Variation
by Nihal Tekin Ünlütürk and Uğur Doğan
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8077; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148077 - 11 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1420
Abstract
Estimating the height component of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations is widely known to be more challenging than estimating the horizontal position. In this study, we utilized height time series data from 37 continuous GNSS stations that were part of the Turkish [...] Read more.
Estimating the height component of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations is widely known to be more challenging than estimating the horizontal position. In this study, we utilized height time series data from 37 continuous GNSS stations that were part of the Turkish RTK CORS Network called TUSAGA-Active (Turkish National Permanent GNSS Network Active). The data covered the period from 2014 to 2019, and the selection of stations focused on the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey due to its topographic characteristics and the pronounced influence of seasonal changes, which facilitated the interpretation of the effects on the height component. The daily coordinates of the GNSS stations were derived using the GAMIT/GLOBK software solution. We identified statistically significant trends, periodic variations, and stochastic components associated with the stations by applying time series analysis to these daily coordinate values. As a result, the vertical velocities of the GNSS stations were determined, along with their corresponding standard deviations. Furthermore, examining the height components of the continuous GNSS stations revealed seasonal effects. We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between these height components and meteorological parameters. The study provides evidence of the interconnectedness between the height components of continuous GNSS stations and various meteorological parameters. Simple linear regression analysis and ARMA time series modeling were utilized to establish this relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in GNSS High-Precision Positioning and Applications)
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13 pages, 2539 KiB  
Article
A New Hybrid Positioning Method by Fusion of BDS and 5G Signal Using the Particle Swarm Method
by Jun Lu, Wuyi Ding, Wei Wang, Enwen Hu and Jianfeng Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010366 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2095
Abstract
In recent years, with the vigorous construction of 5G networks, the high-density deployment, low delay, and high bandwidth of 5G network systems have enabled high-precision positioning services. By integrating the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and 5G systems, more reliable positioning services can [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the vigorous construction of 5G networks, the high-density deployment, low delay, and high bandwidth of 5G network systems have enabled high-precision positioning services. By integrating the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and 5G systems, more reliable positioning services can be provided, and BDS–5G signal integrated positioning has become a new research hotspot. However, BDS–5G signal fusion positioning faces the problems of how to build an effective fusion positioning model between heterogeneous systems and the high complexity of multiobjective function positioning solutions. Therefore, this paper constructs a TOA/TDOA fusion positioning model of BDS–5G signals and introduces the multiobjective particle swarm optimization positioning solution method (MOPSO) to realize the reliable positioning of BDS and 5G signal system fusion (MOPSO-TOA/TDOA). The experimental results show that compared with the traditional BDS–5G signal fusion positioning algorithm based on a Kalman filter, the positioning accuracy of the BDS–5G signal joint solution system based on a multiobjective particle fusion algorithm is 24.8% higher than that of the Kalman filter in terms of positioning convergence time, 18.9% higher in terms of system positioning accuracy, and 50–80% higher than that of the BDS positioning system alone, and the reliable positioning ability in complex environments is effectively enhanced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in GNSS High-Precision Positioning and Applications)
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16 pages, 5515 KiB  
Article
A BDGIM-Based Phase-Smoothed Pseudorange Algorithm for BDS-3 High-Precision Time Transfer
by Jian Tang, Daqian Lyu and Fangling Zeng
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10246; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010246 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1530
Abstract
Single point positioning (SPP) can meet the requirements of the majority of real-time time transfer applications. Meanwhile, a single-frequency (SF) receiver is cheaper than a dual-frequency receiver. However, SPP performance can be greatly affected by large pseudorange observation noise. Phase smoothing the pseudorange [...] Read more.
Single point positioning (SPP) can meet the requirements of the majority of real-time time transfer applications. Meanwhile, a single-frequency (SF) receiver is cheaper than a dual-frequency receiver. However, SPP performance can be greatly affected by large pseudorange observation noise. Phase smoothing the pseudorange is an effective approach to reduce pseudorange noise. Since the classical phase-smoothed pseudorange algorithm does not account for the effect of ionosphere delay, we propose a BDGIM-based phase-smoothed pseudorange algorithm to eliminate the ionospheric delay and apply it to BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) SPP time transfer. In this paper, we first evaluate the performance of the BeiDou global ionospheric delay correction model (BDGIM) and compare it with that of the BeiDou Klobuchar model to determine if it is practical to incorporate the BDGIM into our suggested method. The performance of the BDGIM is better than that of the Klobuchar model. The mean RMS value of the BDGIM is 2.6 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU). The average ionospheric correction rate of the BDGIM is 75.5%. Then, we investigate the performance of the improved SF SPP time transfer. The performance of the improved SPP time transfer is much better than that of the traditional SPP time transfer. Compared with the traditional time transfer, the average Type A uncertainty of the improved time transfer is 2.08 ns, which is reduced by about 11.1% from the time transfer without it. Regarding frequency stability, the modified Allan deviations of the improved time transfer are 1.43E-12 and 1.68E-13 at 960 s and 61,440 s, with improvements of 51.2% and 59.9%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in GNSS High-Precision Positioning and Applications)
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