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New Horizon in Climate Smart Agriculture

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 2900

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
Interests: remote sensing; agrometeorology; sustainability; sensor synergies; food-water nexus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human-induced climate change is causing frequent agricultural and ecological droughts in various parts of our planet—a new economic challenge for a vast majority of agriculture-dependent societies. Increased atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) and water deficits combined with extreme weather events have intensified these droughts. For mitigation, greener agriculture is required that could align farming with local climates whilst enabling the practice of systematic crop management and climate adaptation. In this regard, early stress detections and agricultural water loss mitigations can be proactive multiactor solutions for soil–water management alongside improving crop water productivity. Our agricultural system needs a proper subsoil water hydrology balance for drought- and heat-tolerant crop varieties. There is tremendous scope for future studies on climate-resilient breeding lines, early stress detection, precision farming, and other such crop-management-related measures that can prepare society for combating the growing agricultural droughts. This issue aims to find a new horizon in climate-smart agriculture that could guide us towards achieving resource-efficient production systems with scalable approaches in the rapidly changing environment.

This Special Issue welcomes high-quality research in the following topics:

  • Advanced precision and regenerative agriculture;
  • Actual evapotranspiration and crop productivity;
  • Drought-resilient crop breeding;
  • Scalable remote sensing approaches;
  • Crop phenotyping and sensor synergies for early stress detection.

Dr. Zaib Unnisa
Dr. Jochem Verrelst
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • drought-resilient breeding lines
  • water use efficiency
  • water productivity
  • phenotyping
  • remote sensing
  • agricultural droughts

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2415 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Economic Performance and Environmental Impact of Farming Systems Based on Different Organic Conservation Practices in Processing Tomato Cultivation
by Lorenzo Gagliardi, Sofia Matilde Luglio, Marco Fontanelli, Michele Raffaelli, Christian Frasconi, Danial Fatchurrahman and Andrea Peruzzi
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 1883; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041883 - 12 Feb 2025
Viewed by 705
Abstract
Conservation Agriculture practices in Organic Farming can enhance the sustainability of these farming systems. However, these practices have economic and environmental implications for farmers, which must be considered. In the present study, eight technical itineraries were compared in tomato cultivation. These differed in [...] Read more.
Conservation Agriculture practices in Organic Farming can enhance the sustainability of these farming systems. However, these practices have economic and environmental implications for farmers, which must be considered. In the present study, eight technical itineraries were compared in tomato cultivation. These differed in how reduced and no-tillage practices were used to manage four soil cover types and to control weeds. The itinerary’s gross salable production (GSP), gross income (GI), and CO2 emissions were evaluated. In the second growing season, the no-tillage itinerary values of both GSP and GI were lower than those based on reduced tillage (34,681.03 and 71,891.58 EUR ha−1, respectively). The use of cover crops tendentially resulted in an increase in GSP in both growing seasons compared to cultivation on bare soil (8190.00 and 41,959.89 EUR ha−1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively), particularly with clover monoculture and a clover–rye mix in 2020 (25,326.60 and 25,818.97 EUR ha−1, respectively) and with clover monoculture in 2021 (69,310.18 EUR ha−1). A similar trend was also observed for GI. Cover crop adoption was related to a higher CO2 emissions (642.73 and 234.84 kg ha−1 in 2020 and 353.23 and 213.30 kg ha−1 in 2021, for itineraries based on reduced-tillage and no-tillage, respectively). Further studies could focus on the economic and environmental evaluation of these systems in the same pedoclimatic conditions but over the long term, quantifying the various environmental benefits of cover crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizon in Climate Smart Agriculture)
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25 pages, 8043 KiB  
Article
Assessing Evapotranspiration Models for Regional Implementation in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of STEPS, TSEB, and SCOPE with Global Datasets
by Zaib Unnisa, Ajit Govind, Egor Prikaziuk, Christiaan Van der Tol, Bruno Lasserre, Vicente Burchard-Levine and Marco Marchetti
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7685; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177685 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is crucial for sustainable water management in the diverse and water-scarce Mediterranean region. This study compares three prominent models (Simulator of Terrestrial Ecohydrological Processes and Systems (STEPS), Soil-Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE), and Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB)) [...] Read more.
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is crucial for sustainable water management in the diverse and water-scarce Mediterranean region. This study compares three prominent models (Simulator of Terrestrial Ecohydrological Processes and Systems (STEPS), Soil-Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE), and Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB)) with established global datasets (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 8-day global terrestrial product (MOD16A2), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and TerraClimate) at multiple spatial and temporal scales and validates model outcomes with eddy covariance based ground measurements. Insufficient ground-based observations limit comprehensive model validation in the eastern Mediterranean part (Turkey and Balkans). The results reveal significant discrepancies among models and datasets, highlighting the challenges of capturing ET variability in this complex region. Differences are attributed to variations in ecosystem type, energy balance calculations, and water availability constraints. Ground validation shows that STEPS performs well in some French and Italian forests and crops sites but struggles with seasonal ET patterns in some locations. SCOPE mostly overestimates ET due to detailed radiation flux calculations and lacks accurate water limitation representation. TSEB faces challenges in capturing ET variations across different ecosystems at a coarser 10 km resolution. No single model and global dataset accurately represent ET across the entire region. Model performance varies by region and ecosystem. As GLEAM and TSEB excel in semi-arid Savannahs, STEPS and SCOPE are better in grasslands, croplands, and forests in few locations (5 out of 18 sites) which indicates these models need calibration for other locations and ecosystem types. Thus, a region-specific model calibration and validation, sensitive to extremely humid and arid conditions can improve ET estimation across the diverse Mediterranean region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizon in Climate Smart Agriculture)
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