Effects of Rootstocks to Improve Fruit Yield, Quality, and Resilience to Climatic Changes

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural and Floricultural Crops".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2769

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Universitária, nº 3780, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
Interests: fruit crops; grapevine management; fruit rootstocks

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Guest Editor
Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina 56302-970, PE, Brazil
Interests: tropical viticulture; grape breeding; grape rootstocks; grape genetic resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of rootstocks is a well-established practice in fruit production, significantly influencing various aspects of plant growth, including vigor, vegetative development, yield, and fruit quality. Rootstocks play a crucial role in enhancing the resilience of fruit crops by providing tolerance or resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. They help mitigate the impacts of soil-borne pests and diseases that affect the root system, such as nematodes, fungi, and bacteria, thus improving plant health and longevity. Additionally, rootstocks contribute to overcoming abiotic stress factors, including drought, waterlogging, salinity, extreme temperatures, and soil nutrient imbalances, ensuring stable crop production under changing environmental conditions.

In light of climate change, rootstocks have become an essential tool for enhancing the adaptability of fruit crops, ensuring sustainable production, and maintaining high fruit quality. By selecting appropriate rootstock–scion combinations, growers can optimize productivity while reducing the need for chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. This Special Issue aims to compile research that explores the physiological, biochemical, genetic, and agronomic aspects of rootstock selection and management, focusing on their impact on crop resilience, stress tolerance, and fruit yield and quality.

We welcome original research articles and reviews that provide new insights into the role of rootstocks in fruit crops, particularly in the context of climate change adaptation. Studies on innovative breeding strategies, rootstock selection, and field applications that contribute to the sustainability of fruit production systems are encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Marco Antonio Tecchio
Dr. Patrícia Coelho De Souza Leão
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rootstocks
  • grafting
  • biotic and abiotic stresses
  • enhance fruit crop resilience

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2213 KB  
Article
Soil Profile Heterogeneity Strongly Affects Productivity in Young Almond Scion–Rootstock Combinations Grown in Unfertilized Mediterranean Soil
by Catalina Cabot, Rafael Bosch, Antònia Romero-Munar, Maria Cañellas, Joan Miquel Durán, Pilar Roca and Jaume Vadell
Agronomy 2026, 16(4), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040441 - 13 Feb 2026
Viewed by 665
Abstract
Spatial variability within soil profiles can substantially influence plant growth and productivity by modifying soil water and nutrient availability. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and productivity in a young almond orchard established on a Calcaric Solimovic Regosol [...] Read more.
Spatial variability within soil profiles can substantially influence plant growth and productivity by modifying soil water and nutrient availability. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and productivity in a young almond orchard established on a Calcaric Solimovic Regosol under Mediterranean conditions. The soil profile comprised three horizons showing marked variability in depth and texture. Based on these differences, the experimental plot was divided into two zones: Zone A, characterized by a thicker upper horizon and a lower proportion of sand in the subsoil, and Zone B, with a thinner topsoil and higher sand content in the buried horizon. Within each zone, the almond cultivars ‘Marta’ and ‘Marinada’ were planted in a balanced design using two rootstocks: INRA GF-677 and GARNEM®. Almond productivity was the parameter most strongly affected by soil heterogeneity, showing pronounced differences among soil zones and rootstock–cultivar combinations. Almond productivity followed the sequence Marta > Marinada/GF-677 > Marinada/GARNEM®, and was reduced in Zone B by 37%, 68%, and 72%, respectively, compared with Zone A. In contrast, soil zones had no significant effect on leaf and kernel mineral nutrient concentrations, which varied mainly according to cultivar. Full article
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21 pages, 3683 KB  
Article
Boron Uptake by Navel Orange Seedlings as Influenced by Irrigation Water, Rootstock and Soil Texture
by José Miguel de Paz, Enrique Peiró, Maria Tasa, Juan Gabriel Pérez-Pérez and Fernando Visconti
Agronomy 2026, 16(4), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040418 - 9 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential but narrow-range micronutrient for citrus, with toxicity risks heightened in dry regions due to potentially high-B irrigation water and limited soil leaching. ‘Forner-Alcaide 5’ (FA5) is a promising rootstock for enhancing B-tolerance of sweet orange, but it had [...] Read more.
Boron (B) is an essential but narrow-range micronutrient for citrus, with toxicity risks heightened in dry regions due to potentially high-B irrigation water and limited soil leaching. ‘Forner-Alcaide 5’ (FA5) is a promising rootstock for enhancing B-tolerance of sweet orange, but it had not been sufficiently tested before this study, specifically considering soil texture. Therefore, this greenhouse study investigated the effects on B absorption and biomass buildup of irrigating navel orange seedlings (cv. Navelina) grafted onto ‘Carrizo’ citrange (CC) and FA5 rootstocks, with 0.11, 2, or 5 mg B L−1 waters and grown in clay loam or sandy loam soils. The results of this complete three-factor trial revealed that leaves are the primary sink for B (24–1300 mg kg−1), indicating passive, transpiration-driven uptake and limited phloem redistribution. The presumed absence of sugar alcohols, and the weak binding affinity of B to the abundant sucrose, may account for the restricted phloem mobility of B in citrus, consistent with the mechanistic interpretation proposed in this study. FA5 rootstock showed greater B tolerance, sustaining 28% higher biomass than CC at 2 mg L−1 B. Plant B uptake was found to be more related to soil soluble B than adsorbed B. Interestingly, the relationship followed a diminishing-returns pattern, thereby suggesting a balancing feedback mechanism, potentially based on B-induced stomatal closure. This analytical link between irrigation B and plant accumulation offers a framework for managing B toxicity, pending field validation. Full article
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20 pages, 1907 KB  
Article
Production Parameters and Biochemical Composition of ‘BRS Núbia’ Table Grapes Affected by Rootstocks Under Subtropical Conditions
by Harleson Sidney Almeida Monteiro, Marco Antonio Tecchio, Sinara de Nazaré Santana Brito, Juan Carlos Alonso, Daví Eduardo Furno Feliciano, Marcelo de Souza Silva, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima, Sergio Ruffo Roberto, Aline Cristina de Aguiar and Sarita Leonel
Agronomy 2026, 16(3), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030347 - 30 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Table grapes are among the main fruit crops cultivated in Brazil, supported by cultivar diversity, technological advances, and adaptation to diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. Rootstock selection is critical in viticulture, influencing phenology, yield, and fruit quality. This study evaluated yield- and fruit-related production parameters, [...] Read more.
Table grapes are among the main fruit crops cultivated in Brazil, supported by cultivar diversity, technological advances, and adaptation to diverse edaphoclimatic conditions. Rootstock selection is critical in viticulture, influencing phenology, yield, and fruit quality. This study evaluated yield- and fruit-related production parameters, cluster characteristics, and biochemical composition of ‘BRS Núbia’ table grape grafted onto different rootstocks. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (UNESP), São Manuel, São Paulo, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme (three rootstocks × three seasons) with seven replicates. Rootstocks included ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, and ‘Paulsen 1103’, while subplots corresponded to the first three production seasons after grafting. Evaluated variables comprised bud fruitfulness, yield, productivity, physical attributes of clusters, berries, and rachises, and in 2022, berry biochemical traits, including total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity. Rootstocks did not significantly affect bud fruitfulness or yield-related parameters. In contrast, production season markedly influenced vine performance, with the third (2023) season showing higher cluster and berry mass and size. Regarding fruit composition, vines grafted onto ‘Paulsen 1103’ and ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ showed greater accumulation of total phenolics and anthocyanins than those grafted onto ‘IAC 572 Jales’, overall. Full article
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